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hardware-in-the-loop simulation for ABS based on PC

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF VEHICLE DESIGN 2000年第2-3期24卷 157-170页

作者： Suh, MW Chung, JH Seok, CS Kim, YJ Sungkyunkwan Univ Sch Mech Engn Suwon South Korea

The prevalence of microprocessor-based controllers in automotive systems has greatly increased the need for tools which can be used to validate and tune the control systems over their full range of operation. The objective of this paper is to develop a real time simulator for an anti-lock brake system (ABS) based on the methodology of hardware-in-the-loop simulation using a personal computer. By use of this simulator, the analysis of a commercial electronic control unit as well as the validation of the developed control logic for ABS was performed successfully. The idea of the simulator can be applied to the development of more advanced control systems, such as traction control system, vehicle dynamic control system and so forth.

关键词： anti-lock brake system electronic control unit hardware-in-the loop simulation real time simulator vehicle model

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hardware-in-the-loop simulation for Assessing Red-Light Violation Warning Application With Semi-Actuated Signal Control in a Connected Vehicle Environment

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TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD 2023年第5期2677卷 1085-1099页

作者： Arafat, Mahmoud Hadi, Mohammed Hunsanon, Thodsapon Wang, Tao DOWL Transportat Designer Anchorage AK 99503 USA Florida Int Univ Dept Civil & Environm Engn Miami FL USA

Understanding the safety and mobility impacts of connected vehicle (CV) applications is critical for ensuring effective implementations of these applications. This study provides an assessment of the safety and mobility impacts of the red-light violation warning (RLVW), a CV-based application at signalized intersections, under semi-actuated signal control utilizing a hardware-in-the-loop simulation environment. With actuated traffic signal operations, there is uncertainty in the end-of-green information provided to the vehicles using CV messages. The RLVW algorithm lacks the input information about when exactly the phase is going to be terminated since this termination occurs when a gap of a particular length is encountered at the detector. This study investigates a method recently proposed in a national effort to provide an assured green period (AGP) to grant definitive times for when the green interval will end. AGP mitigates the uncertainties related to termination of the green signal associated with actuated signal control and is expected to improve the performance of the CV RLVW application. Results showed that the safety benefits of RLVW without the use of AGP were limited. On the other hand, by introducing AGP with 100% RLVW, the number of red-light running events at signalized intersections was reduced by approximately 92%. However, the application of the AGP, as applied and assessed in this paper, can increase the number of stops and approach delay. This issue will need to be further investigated to determine the optimal setting of the AGP considering both mobility and safety impacts.

关键词： hardware-in-the loop simulation red-light violation warning traffic operations traffic signal systems connected vehicles

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Real-time hardware- and software-in-the-loop simulation of decentralised distribution network control architecture

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2017年第12期11卷 3057-3064页

作者： Tuominen, Ville Reponen, Hannu Kulmala, Anna Lu, Shengye Repo, Sami Tampere Univ Technol Dept Elect Engn Korkeakoulunkatu 1 Tampere 33720 Finland VTT Tekniikankatu 1 Tampere 33720 Finland

This study introduces a laboratory test set up developed to evaluate the functionality of a novel decentralised distribution automation architecture. The demonstration system consists of a simulated distribution network in real-time simulation environment including simulated monitoring and control devices as well as physical devices interfaced with the simulator as hardware-in-the-loop test devices. System involves also substation automation units for real-time monitoring and control that are interfaced with the simulator and physical devices. The operating principle of the system is demonstrated with an example simulation case. The main goal for this system was to test the functionality of the decentralised distribution automation architecture and track out any potential interfacing issues of automation system before implementing the concept to actual field demonstrations. Based on the tests executed with the system described in this study, the proper functionality of all the features of the automation architecture was verified and successfully deployed at the field test sites.

关键词： power distribution control control engineering computing hardware-in-the loop simulation power system simulation substation automation real-time hardware-in-the-loop test device simulation software-in-the-loop simulation decentralised distribution network control architecture decentralised distribution automation architecture substation automation

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Hybrid analytical model of switched reluctance machine for real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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IET ELECTRIC POWER APPLICATIONS 2017年第6期11卷 1114-1123页

作者： Xu, Fengqiu Dinavahi, Venkata Xu, Xianze Wuhan Univ Elect Informat Sch Wuhan Hubei Province Peoples R China Univ Alberta Dept Elect & Comp Engn 9107-116 St Edmonton AB T6G 2V4 Canada

Applications of switched reluctance machine (SRM) are increasing in the industry due to their many desirable features. This study proposes a hybrid analytical model (HAM) of the SRM for the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation. To obtain satisfactory accuracy, the phase flux linkage is solved by the magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) method when the stator and rotor poles overlap, and by the space harmonic method (SHM) when the poles do not overlap. The backward Euler and Newton-Raphson methods are used to calculate the exciting current, while the Gaussian quadrature is used to compute the electromagnetic torque in the HIL simulation. The digital hardware implementation of computation components are developed on the field-programmable gate array by exploiting the parallel hardware architecture and fully pipelined arithmetic processing. To highlight the performance of the HAM, the captured real-time results are compared with the off-line transient solution obtained through the co-simulation of Ansys Maxwell((R)), Ansys Simplorer((R)), and Simulink((R)), which model the SRM, drive circuit, and control system, respectively.

关键词： reluctance machines hardware-in-the loop simulation electric machine analysis computing machine theory magnetic circuits magnetic flux equivalent circuits stators rotors harmonic analysis Newton-Raphson method Gaussian processes integration field programmable gate arrays parallel architectures pipeline arithmetic Ansys Simplorer simulation Simulink simulation drive circuit control system Ansys Maxwell simulation offline transient solution pipelined arithmetic processing parallel hardware architecture field-programmable gate array digital hardware implementation electromagnetic torque computation Gaussian quadrature exciting current calculation Newton-Raphson method backward Euler method SHM space harmonic method rotor pole stator pole MEC method magnetic equivalent circuit method phase flux linkage HIL simulation hybrid analytical model HAM SRM hardware-in-the-loop simulation switched reluctance machine

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Combined control and power hardware in-the-loop simulation for testing smart grid control algorithms

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2017年第12期11卷 3009-3018页

作者： Maniatopoulos, Marios Lagos, Dimitris Kotsampopoulos, Panos Hatziargyriou, Nikos Natl Tech Univ Athens Sch Elect & Comp Engn Athens Greece

Distribution networks are becoming increasingly smarter', as well as more complex, with the addition of power electronic devices, information and communication technologies, smart meters, and more. As a result, advanced control strategies to manage such networks are becoming necessary. These strategies need to be thoroughly tested and validated, before they can be implemented in a real network. For this reason, a smart grid control algorithm testing chain is proposed, that aims to gradually test control algorithms, in all their development stages, using increasingly advanced laboratory setups. In addition, the interfacing options and challenges of each stage of the chain are highlighted. The proposed testing chain is substantiated in an optimal centralised coordinated voltage control (CVC) algorithm and the final stage of the chain, namely the combination of control and power hardware-in-the-loop simulation, is presented in this study. As a specific example, the management technique for a storage system is implemented as part of the CVC algorithm. The laboratory results demonstrate that the proposed setup, despite its high complexity, enables the algorithm to be effectively and realistically tested as part of the overall system.

关键词： hardware-in-the loop simulation power system simulation control engineering computing smart power grids optimal control voltage control centralised control power distribution control power hardware in-the-loop simulation distribution networks power electronic devices information and communication technology smart meters advanced control strategy smart grid control algorithm testing chain test control algorithms optimal centralised coordinated voltage control algorithm CVC algorithm management technique storage system

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Interfacing technique and hardware-in-loop simulation of real-time co-simulation platform for wind energy conversion system

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2017年第12期11卷 3030-3038页

作者： Jia, Feng Cai, Xu Lou, Yaolin Li, Zheng Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect Informat & Elect Engn Dongchuan Rd 800 Shanghai Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Wind Power Res Ctr Dongchuan Rd 800 Shanghai Peoples R China China Windey Corp Floor 22Bldg A Hangzhou Zhejiang Peoples R China Donghua Univ Coll Sci & Technol North Renming Rd 2999 Shanghai Peoples R China

The wind energy conversion system is a complex dynamic system which contains multi-coupling and multi-time-scales. The commonly used simplified models are unable to uncover all the detailed dynamics. The real-time co-simulation platform based on real-time digital simulator and GH Bladed is built with a controller hardware-in-loop, in which the kinematics equation of generator rotor is used as the interface to decouple the different time scales, and a specific programmable logic controller is used to build the two-way communication. The effect of signal delay between the two simulation platforms is discussed and the stability of the system is analysed. The proposed co-simulation platform is able to show detailed dynamics of the whole turbine as well as the comprehensive effects of the controllers. The correctness and superiorities are verified by number of simulations.

关键词： wind power wind power plants rotors programmable controllers wind turbines hardware-in-the loop simulation power engineering computing interfacing technique hardware-in-loop simulation real-time co-simulation platform wind energy conversion system generator rotor programmable logic controller two-way communication signal delay

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Review on hardware-in-the-loop simulation of wave energy converters and power take-offs

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RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS 2024年 191卷

作者： Gaspar, Jose F. Pinheiro, Rafael F. Mendes, Mario J. G. C. Kamarlouei, Mojtaba Soares, C. Guedes Univ Lisbon Ctr Marine Technol & Ocean Engn CENTEC Inst Super Tecn Lisbon Portugal Polytech Leiria Ctr Innovat Care & Hlth Technol ciTechCare Leiria Portugal Inst Politecn Lisboa Inst Super Engn Lisboa ISEL CIMOSM Lisbon Portugal

This paper reviews the state-of-the-art on hardware-In-The-loop simulation methodologies and technologies applied in the research field of wave energy converters. It reveals important issues, such as an unclear taxonomy and representations of these methodologies, which are critical for the success of the approach, mostly during the design of experiments and presentation of results. Moreover, a classification approach to these methodologies is not found in the literature. Thus, a generic taxonomical and classification framework is developed to support the review process. This framework is built based on three taxonomic subsystems that the review shows to be effective in organizing the reviewed methodologies: simulated, real and interface subsystems. In particular, the definition of the interface subsystem is key to overcoming the limitations found in the methodological representations. Furthermore, this review borrows the term actionability to this approach to better describe the nuances and gaps between the reviewed case studies. It is found that the different technical implementations are easily organized with the proposed framework, and the results cover a wide range of wave energy converter development phases. Likewise, this review shows opportunities for improvements in the methodology and application to a wider number of new case studies.

关键词： hardware-in-the loop simulation Wave energy converters Power take-off

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Reinforcement Learning of Material Flow Control Logic Using hardware-in-the-loop simulation

Reinforcement Learning of Material Flow Control Logic Using ...

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Artificial Intelligence for Industries (AI4I)

作者： Florian Jaensch Akos Csiszar Annika Kienzlen Alexander Verl Institute of control Engineering of Machine Tools and Manufacturing Units University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781538694633;9781538692097

In this paper the concept of reinforcement learning agent is presented, which can deduce the correct control policy of a plant by acting in its digital twin (the HiL simulation). This way the agent substitutes a real control system. By using reinforcement learning methods, a proof of concept application is presented for a simplistic material flow system, with the same type of access to the digital twin which a PLC controller-hardware would have. With the presented approach the agent is able to find the correct control policy.

关键词： Reinforcement learning Belts hardware-in-the loop simulation Control systems Process control Software Training

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hardware-in-the-loop simulation of a distribution system with air conditioners under model predictive control

Hardware-in-the-loop simulation of a distribution system wit...

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IEEE General Meeting Power& Energy Society

作者： Annabelle Pratt Mark Ruth Dheepak Krishnamurthy Bethany Sparn Monte Lunacek Wesley Jones Saurabh Mittal Hongyu Wu Jesse Marks National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden CO USA The MITRE Corporation McLean VA US Kansas State University Manhattan KS USA Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla MO USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781538622131;9781538622124

Many have proposed that responsive load provided by distributed energy resources (DERs) and demand response (DR) are an option to provide flexibility to the grid and especially to distribution feeders. However, because responsive load involves a complex interplay between tariffs and DER and DR technologies, it is challenging to test and evaluate options without negatively impacting customers. This paper describes a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation system that has been developed to reduce the cost and impacts of evaluating the effect of advanced controllers (e.g., model predictive controllers) and technologies (e.g., responsive appliances). The HIL simulation system combines large-scale software simulation with a small set of representative building equipment hardware. It is used to perform HIL simulation of a distribution feeder and the loads on it under various tariff structures. In the reported HIL simulation, loads include many simulated houses and air conditioners and one physical air conditioner. Independent model predictive controllers manage operations of all air conditioners under a time-of-use tariff. Results from this HIL simulation and a discussion of future development work of the system are presented.

关键词： Atmospheric modeling Predictive models Load modeling Buildings hardware-in-the loop simulation hardware Computational modeling

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hardware-in-the-loop simulation Applied to AUV Control

Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation Applied to AUV Control

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Chinese Automation Congress (CAC)

作者： D. Bao R. Yang Y. Ma B. Clement A. Mansour D. Hou M. Li College of Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao China Intelligent Equipment Henan Key Laboratory of Underwater Zhengzhou China UMR CNRS 6285 Lab-STICC Brest France

This paper introduces a hardware-in-the-Ioop (HIL) system to simulate plug and play controllers for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). The HIL system is a real-time simulator composed of two parts: a model-based virtual plant and an embedded controller. As HIL system does not require the design of physical systems, therefore, it can reduce the control design cost. In this paper, controller and model are both implemented using Mission Oriented Operating Suite-Interval Programming (MOOS-IvP) software. At first, the AUV mathematical model is obtained by dynamic and hydrodynamic analyses. Then, a robust controller is designed considering the uncertainties and nonlinearities. The robust controller is implemented on a Raspberry Pi microcomputer, while the virtual plant is simulated on a computer. Finally, MOOS-IvP based HIL simulations are compared to MATLAB simulations.

关键词： Underwater vehicles Robust control Control design Matlab hardware-in-the loop simulation

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