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International ETG Congress 2015;Die Energiewende - Blueprints for the new energy age

作者： Martin Griese Thomas Pawlik Thomas Schulte Juergen Maas Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences IES - Intelligent Energy Systems

In this contribution, a model-based method for analysing and designing energy systems comprising the electrical, thermal and chemical domain is presented. Beside the energy generation and consumption, the bidirectional coupling between all energy domains is considered, as well. This method is an adapted variant of the so called hardware-in-the-loop simulation where virtual energy components are combined with geographically distributed real energy components. In order to integrate the real components with minimal instrumentation efforts, measured quantities are included as information flows, only, while the physical power flows are connected to local available grid structures. The virtual energy components are represented by real-time capable models describing their physical behaviour. In this contribution, a CHP unit is described as a virtual energy component. The modelling approach is based on a time domain approach using state variables of the multiple domains to describe the dynamic behaviour. Afterwards, the model is parameterized by datasheet specifications and measurement data of several CHP units with different power ratings. Based on these results, a method for scaling the proposed CHP model is presented. Especially for parameter studies, this method allows a simple adaption of a general parameterized CHP model. Moreover, a method for scaling such models with respect to the modelling depth is proposed and exemplarily applied to the electrical generator of the CHP model. This scaling method enables the model adaptations for different simulation purposes like detailed investigations of single structures and holistic investigations of large combined grid systems.

关键词： Grid systems hardware-in-the-loop simulation energy component Cogenerator Cogeneration antigen p24 Scale formation Power production TIME-DOMAIN Power rating Motor Activity Energy sources Scaling ENERGY SYSTEMS

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Synchronization Mechanism Test and Evaluation Method for New Energy Converters

Synchronization Mechanism Test and Evaluation Method for New...

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Power Science and Technology (ICPST), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Chuyang Xia Yaohan Wang Kai Liang Linlin Wu Research Institute State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co. Ltd. Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9798350349030

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349047

The essential difference between grid-following (GFL) and grid-forming (GFM) control lies in the different synchronization mechanisms. In order to obtain a new energy unit synchronization mechanism judgment method, this paper firstly analyzes the synchronization methods of the two control methods in principle, then establishes the time domain simulation model of GFL and GFM control and verifies their synchronization response characteristics through phase jump experiments, and analyzes the influence of the key control parameters of GFL and GFM on the synchronization response characteristics. Finally, a judgment index is proposed to distinguish between GFL and GFM units, and based on the hardware-in-the-loop simulation of the black box unit controller to determine the synchronization mechanism, the results show that the index can realize the effective distinction between GFL and GFM units, and has a strong compatibility with the unit control strategy.

关键词： Analytical models Grid following hardware-in-the-loop simulation Synchronization Indexes Time-domain analysis Grid forming

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Universal Real-Time Model for Active Rectifiers in Versatile Totem-Pole PFC Configurations

Universal Real-Time Model for Active Rectifiers in Versatile...

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European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications

作者： Axel Kiffe Thorben Hoffstadt dSPACE GmbH Paderborn Germany

ISBN: (数字)9789075815399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487009

On-board chargers in electric vehicles often include a totem-pole PFC, as this compact active rectifier provides bidirectional energy flow and can be easily adapted to single-phase or three-phase grid operation. To test its control unit in terms of HIL simulations, a real-time capable model of the topology is required. This paper deals with the modeling and realization of a universal real-time model for versatile totem-pole configurations in single-phase or three-phase grid operation. The proposed model uses the ideal switch representation. An extended approach to detect switch-state changes caused by Dirac impulses is introduced. Additional focus is placed on the implementation of the final model on an FPGA. simulation results prove the validity of the proposed model.

关键词： Adaptation models Systematics hardware-in-the-loop simulation Rectifiers Switches Real-time systems Topology

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Model Predictive Control for Enhanced Inverter Management in Electric Vehicle Charging

Model Predictive Control for Enhanced Inverter Management in...

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Innovative Research in Applied Science, Engineering and Technology (IRASET),Conference on

作者： Hakam Youness Gaga Ahmed Tabaa Mohamed EL Hadadi Benachir Research Laboratory of Physics and Engineers Sciences (LRPSI) Research Team in Embedded Systems Engineering Automation Signal Telecommunications and Intelligent Materials (ISASTM) Polydisciplinary Faculty (FPBM) Sultan Moulay Slimane University (USMS) Beni Mellal Morocco Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Research and Innovation Casablanca Morocco

ISBN: (数字)9798350309508

ISBN: (纸本)9798350309515

The management of inverters in electric vehicle charger is particularly crucial in scenarios demanding high-quality output voltage. Numerous control strategies exist for regulating three-phase inverters. This study introduces an ef-ficient control approach employing model predictive control (MPC). By leveraging a discrete-time system model, the method anticipates the output voltage's behavior across all potential in-verter switching states. Subsequently, a cost function determines the most suitable switching state for the forthcoming sampling interval. Through MATLAB/Simulink simulations, conducted under BLDC motor load conditions, the viability and commend-able performance of this control approach are confirmed. The intended aim of the proposal is to enhance voltage quality by reducing Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). Upon comparing the waveform and THD performance, it was observed that the proposed controller achieved a lower THD of 8.00%, whereas the traditional FCS MPC yielded a THD of 8.21%. This indicated a reduction of approximately 1.56% with the proposed approach. Additionally, real-world validation of the MPC's efficacy and robustness is provided via experimental outcomes from HIL simulations. This article revisits the requirements of a high-performance inverter through the lens of digital signal processing. We utilize one of Texas Instruments' leading digital signal proces-sors, the TMS320F28379D. Specific model predictive controllers and electronic circuits have been devised, implemented, and evaluated to demonstrate their significance in advancing a high-performance inverter board.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation Switches Predictive models Motors Inverters Mathematical models Robustness

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hardware-BASED MICROGRID COUPLED TO REAL-TIME SIMULATED POWER GRIDS FOR EVALUATING NEW CONTROL STRATEGIES IN FUTURE ENERGY SYSTEMS

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Kyesswa, Michael Wiegel, Friedrich Wachter, Jan Kühnapfel, Uwe Waczowicz, Simon Hagenmeyer, Veit Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

The design of new control strategies for future energy systems can neither be directly tested in real power grids nor be evaluated based on only current grid situations. In this regard, extensive tests are required in laboratory settings using real power system equipment. However, since it is impossible to replicate the entire grid section of interest, even in large-scale experiments, hardware setups must be supplemented by detailed simulations to reproduce the system under study fully. This paper presents a unique test environment in which a hardware-based microgrid environment is physically coupled with a large-scale real-time simulation framework. The setup combines the advantages of developing new solutions using hardware-based experiments and evaluating the impact on large-scale power systems using real-time simulations. In this paper, the interface between the microgrid-under-test environment and the real-time simulations is evaluated in terms of accuracy and communication delays. Furthermore, a test case is presented showing the approach's ability to test microgrid control strategies for supporting the grid. It is observed that the communication delays via the physical interface depend on the simulation sampling time and do not significantly affect the accuracy in the interaction between the hardware and the simulated grid. © 2024, CC BY-SA.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Low cost, educational internal combustion engine electronic control unit hardware-in-the-loop test systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Karaman, Sertac Guvenc, Levent Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics 77 Massachusetts Avenue CambridgeMA02139 United States Automated Driving Lab Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 201 W. 19th Avenue ColumbusOH43210 United States

Different hardware platforms and their associated real time operating systems that can be used in an educational laboratory for illustrating engine electronic control unit hardware in the loop testing are presented and compared in this paper. A Matlab graphical user interface prepared for generating synthetic crank and camshaft angular position sensor signals to be fed to the engine electronic control unit during hardware-in-the-loop testing is introduced. This graphical user interface is used to generate faulty sensor signals to check the response of the engine electronic control unit during hardware-in-the-loop simulation. Examples of faulty signals that can be generated with the graphical user interface are illustrated. © 2020, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Development of a Monocular Vision Deep Learning-based AUV Diver-Following Control System

Development of a Monocular Vision Deep Learning-based AUV Di...

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OCEANS

作者： Hui-Min Chou Yu-Cheng Chou Hsin-Hung Chen Institute of Undersea Technology National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9781728154466

ISBN: (纸本)9781728184098

Divers have a variety of tasks typically with high complexity and high risk. Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) can improve the efficiency and safety of divers by assisting divers in performing underwater operations. A dive-buddy AUV should have the ability to follow a diver and interact with a diver. Dive-buddy AUVs can be developed based on machine vision technology or acoustics technology, leading to different advantages and limitations regarding the diver-following and human-machine interaction abilities of the AUVs. Compared with sonar devices, the main limitation of optical cameras is their short underwater visibility range. However, optical cameras have the advantages of high resolution, high frame rate, low cost, and high application popularity. The IUT AUV, developed by the Institute of Undersea Technology at Nation Sun Yat-sen University, is the testbed AUV of this research. This research aimed to make the IUT AUV become a diver-following AUV. This research applied Tiny-YOLOv3 convolutional neural network (CNN) to image detection of divers and developed a diver detection module as a payload sensor for the IUT AUV. This research developed a single-diver following control algorithm and evaluated the single-diver following performance under different scenarios through hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HIL) system that conforms to the communication format and power architecture of the IUT AUV. This research verified the single-diver following capability of the IUT AUV through closed water experiments conducted in a towing tank.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation Optical imaging Cameras Optical sensors Convolutional neural networks Task analysis Payloads

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An Improved Droop Control Method for Accurate Dynamic and Static Current Sharing in DC Microgrids

An Improved Droop Control Method for Accurate Dynamic and St...

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Energy Storage and Conversion (ISESC), CPSS & IEEE International Symposium on

作者： Qingchao Song Ka-Hong Loo Gaoxiang Chen Junwei Liu Xingxing Chen Di Mou Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China

ISBN: (数字)9798350380514

ISBN: (纸本)9798350380521

In DC microgrids (MGs), droop control is a commonly used method for load current sharing among parallel distributed generation (DG) units. However, it has two inherent drawbacks: 1) DC bus voltage deviation caused by virtual and cable resistances, and 2) degraded dynamic and static current-sharing performances due to discrepancies between the actual and desired output impedances of DG units. Especially under source or load current fluctuations, the dynamic performance of DG units tends to deteriorate, potentially leading to significant overshoots in their output currents. Such occurrences can have adverse effects on the operation of DC MGs. Currently, two methods are employed to address these issues: one utilizes secondary control strategies to correct the voltage offset of droop control methods, while the other adjusts the droop coefficient by using the estimated cable resistance. However, these methods often rely on communication networks, central controllers, or estimated cable impedances. This paper presents an improved droop control method to achieve accurate dynamic and static current sharing and DC bus voltage restoration. Without prior knowledge of cable resistances, the proposed method not only eliminates the impact of cable resistances on the current-sharing accuracy but also significantly enhances the dynamic performance of DG units. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through hardware-in-the-loop simulations.

关键词： Resistance Electric potential Accuracy Fluctuations hardware-in-the-loop simulation Microgrids Distributed power generation Voltage control Transient analysis Energy storage

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A Software-in-the-loop simulation of an Intelligent MicroSatellite within a Virtual Environment

A Software-in-the-Loop Simulation of an Intelligent MicroSat...

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IEEE International Conference on Computational lntelligence and Virtual Environments for Measurement Systems and Applications

作者： Kaveh Hassani Won-Sook Lee School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Ottawa

ISBN: (纸本)9781467347020

Rapid growth in space missions necessitates the onboard intelligence, which creates autonomous space systems by providing high level decision making, robust execution of decisions, and automatic fault repairing. Mostly, autonomous space systems are implemented as hybrid architectures with a few conceptual layers. Validating the stability and evaluating the performance of an autonomous architecture is critical for space missions. Software-in-the-loop simulation is a suitable approach for addressing this demand. However, the data acquired from simulation is represented as alphanumeric values or diagrams, which needs to be interpreted. In this paper, we propose an intelligent architecture to provide onboard autonomy for an observation micro-satellite. The architecture integrates the low level physical actions with conceptual decision making ability in a hierarchical manner. To evaluate the proposed architecture, we have implemented a distributed software-in-the-loop simulation to simulate the space, satellite, ground stations, and intelligent onboard software. Moreover, for the first time, we have used virtual reality to visualize the satellite's autonomous behavior in the orbit. It lets the users have a high level feedback from integrated simulation. Scenario-based evaluations have shown the stability and efficiency of the proposed architecture.

关键词： Hybrid intelligent system Onboard autonomy Software-in-the-loop simulation Satellite visualization hybrid intelligent system Virtual environments simulating ARCHITECTURE astronautical mission Building construction hardware-in-the-loop simulation aerospace systems satellite ground stations

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A Priority-Based Distributed Channel Access Mechanism for Control over CAN-like Networks

A Priority-Based Distributed Channel Access Mechanism for Co...

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European Control Conference (ECC)

作者： Shengquan Wang Tahmoores Farjam Themistoklis Charalambous School of Electrical Engineering Aalto University Espoo Finland

In this work, we study the distributed channel access problem for multiple subsystems equipped with smart sensors sharing a capacity-limited communication network to perform their control tasks. We propose a fully distributed scheme to use the limited communication resources efficiently with respect to a quadratic cost which reflects the control performance. More specifically, we adopt a priority assignment scheme which consists of two layers: (i) a dynamic priority that corresponds to the time-varying criticality of transmission for each subsystem, and (ii) a pre-specified static priority which ensures that channel access is collision-free. We first demonstrate how the dynamic priorities can be manipulated to allocate the resources with respect to the chosen cost. Next, we propose a synchronization method which enables fully distribute implementation over controller area network (CAN) hardware. We validate the compatibility of our method with the mature hardware technology of CAN by hardware-in-the-loop simulations. Finally, we demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed scheme and evaluate its performance in large-scale networks via simulation.

关键词： Costs hardware-in-the-loop simulation Europe Dynamic scheduling Control systems hardware Synchronization

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