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hardware-in-the-loop simulation applied to protection devices testing

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL POWER & ENERGY SYSTEMS 2014年 54卷 55-64页

作者： Craciun, Octavian Florescu, Adrian Munteanu, Iulian Bratcu, Antoneta Iuliana Bacha, Seddik Radu, Daniel Grenoble Elect Engn Lab G2Elab F-38402 St Martin Dheres France Grenoble Inst Technol Control Syst Dept GIPSA Lab Grenoble Images Speech Signal Automat Control Lab F-38402 St Martin Dheres France Schneider Elect Power Business F-38050 Grenoble France

Circuit breakers are ubiquitous elements used for ensuring safe operation of low-voltage power systems. Nowadays the loads supplied by the power systems migrate towards exhibiting significant strong nonlinear behavior accompanied by inrush currents or high-order harmonics that can cause a false tripping of circuit breakers. It is thus necessary to study the interaction between these new loads and the protection devices in order to fully assess their compatibility. Following this context, this paper deals with a new test rig dedicated to protection switching devices, which is based on the hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulation concept. The proposed approach is focused on replicating the tripping conditions of a real circuit breaker coupled to a power system emulated by means of a real-time simulator. The software part of this simulator adds flexibility to the test rig as the circuit configurations and the operating scenarios may conveniently be adapted at lowest cost. The control of the interface between the software simulator and the hardware under test, as well as the closed-loop stability issues, has been thoroughly approached. Experiments carried out on this test rig show the effectiveness of this new test prototyping concept in characterizing real circuit breakers behavior when they protect lighting circuits. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Low-voltage power systems Protection devices hardware-in-the-loop simulation Real-time simulation

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hardware-in-the-loop simulation of Distributed Intelligent Energy Management System for Microgrids

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ENERGIES 2013年第7期6卷 3263-3283页

作者： Oh, Sang-Jin Yoo, Cheol-Hee Chung, Il-Yop Won, Dong-Jun Kookmin Univ Sch Elect Engn Seoul 136702 South Korea Inha Univ Sch Elect Engn Inchon 402751 South Korea

Microgrids are autonomous low-voltage power distribution systems that contain multiple distributed energy resources (DERs) and smart loads that can provide power system operation flexibility. To effectively control and coordinate multiple DERs and loads of microgrids, this paper proposes a distributed intelligent management system that employs a multi-agent-based control system so that delicate decision-making functions can be distributed to local intelligent agents. This paper presents the development of a hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) system for distributed intelligent management system for microgrids and its promising application to an emergency demand response program. In the developed HILS system, intelligent agents are developed using microcontrollers and ZigBee wireless communication technology. Power system dynamic models are implemented in real-time simulation environments using the Opal-RT system. This paper presents key features of the data communication and management schemes based on multi-agent concepts. The performance of the developed system is tested for emergency demand response program applications.

关键词： microgrid multi-agent system energy management system emergency demand response hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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hardware-in-the-loop simulation for the design and testing of engine-control systems

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CONTROL ENGINEERING PRACTICE 1999年第5期7卷 643-653页

作者： Isermann, R Schaffnit, J Sinsel, S Tech Univ Darmstadt Inst Automat Control Lab Control Engn & Process Automat D-64283 Darmstadt Germany

For the design, implementation and testing of control systems hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation is increasingly being required, where some of the control-loop components are real hardware, and some are simulated. Usually, a process is simulated because it is not available (simultaneous engineering), or because experiments with the real process are too costly or require too much time. The real-time requirements for such simulations depend on the time-scale of the process and the simulated components involved. This paper gives, first, an overview of the various kinds of real-time and HIL simulation. Then. two cases are considered. First, HIL simulation for relatively slow processes, like those in basic industries or heating systems, is discussed. Then, the HIL simulation of combustion engines is shown in detail. The required models are described. Comparisons between real-time simulations and measurements on real diesel engines and trucks are shown. The goal of the HIL system is to develop new control algorithms and to investigate the effect of faults, both in sensors and actuators, and the engine itself. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： real-time simulation hardware-in-the-loop simulation diesel engines turbochargers vehicle dynamics transputers digital signal processors simulator testbenches

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hardware-in-the-loop simulation of fuel control actuator of a turboshaft gas turbine engine

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART M-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR THE MARITIME ENVIRONMENT 2019年第3期233卷 969-977页

作者： Salehi, Amin Montazeri-Gh, Morteza Iran Univ Sci & Technol Sch Mech Engn Tehran *** Iran

The turboshaft engine is the major component in the propulsion system of most marine vehicles, and proper control of its function as a sub-system in the propulsion system has a direct impact on the performance of the vehicle's propulsion control system. The engine performance control is performed through the fuel control system. The fuel control system of a turboshaft gas turbine engine consists of two parts: electronic control unit and fuel control unit which is the actuator of the fuel control system. In this article, a hardware-in-the-loop simulation is presented for testing and verifying the performance of the fuel control unit. In the hardware-in-the-loop simulation, the fuel control unit in hardware form is tested in connection with the numerically simulated model of engine and electronic control unit. In this simulation, a Wiener model for the turboshaft engine is developed which is validated with the experimental data. Subsequently, a multi-loop fuel controller algorithm is designed for the engine and the parameters are optimized so that the time response and physical constraints are satisfied. In the next step, a state-of-the-art hydraulic test setup is built and implemented to perform the hardware-in-the-loop test. The test system contains personal and industrial computer, sensors, hydraulic components, and data acquisition cards to connect software and hardware parts to each other. In this hardware-in-the-loop simulator, a host-target structure is used for real-time simulation of the software models. The results show the effectiveness of hardware-in-the-loop simulation in fuel control unit evaluation and verify the steady and transient performance of the designed actuator.

关键词： Fuel control system fuel control unit turboshaft engine hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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hardware-in-the-loop simulation of pressure-difference-limiting modulation of the hydraulic brake for regenerative braking control of electric vehicles

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART D-JOURNAL OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING 2014年第6期228卷 649-662页

作者： Lv, Chen Zhang, Junzhi Li, Yutong Sun, Dongsheng Yuan, Ye Tsinghua Univ State Key Lab Automot Safety & Energy Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

Because of its significant impact on the cooperative regenerative braking performance of electrified vehicles, the modulation effect of a hydraulic brake is of great importance. To improve the hydraulic brake control performance further, a novel pressure-difference-limiting control method for hydraulic pressure modulation based on on-off solenoid valves is proposed. The linear relationship between the coil current and the pressure difference across the valve is obtained. The characteristics of pressure-difference-limiting modulation are simulated and analysed. Then, a cooperative regenerative braking control algorithm based on the pressure-difference-limiting modulation of the hydraulic brake is designed. hardware-in-the-loop tests of the algorithm under typical braking procedures are carried out. The test results demonstrate the validity and feasibility of the developed regenerative braking control algorithm and indicate that the proposed pressure-difference-limiting modulation method, which has an advantage over the conventional control based on a pulse-width-modulated signal with respect to the control accuracy of the hydraulic brake pressure, has great potential to improve the braking performance of a vehicle.

关键词： Pressure difference limiting hydraulic pressure modulation regenerative braking control electrified vehicle hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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hardware-in-the-loop simulation of active roll control for single-trailer truck using steerable wheel at the middle axle

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAVY VEHICLE SYSTEMS 2023年第1期30卷 90-118页

作者： Adnan, Muhammad Nadwi Hakimi Abd Kadir, Zulkiffli Hudha, Khisbullah Amer, Noor Hafizah Rahmat, Mohd Sabirin Harun, Mohamad Hafiz Aparow, Vimal Rau Univ Pertahanan Nas Malaysia Fac Engn Kuala Lumpur 57000 Malaysia MAHSA Univ Fac Engn & Built Environm Dept Mech Engn Jalan SP 2 Jenjarom 42610 Selangor Malaysia Univ Tekn Malaysia Melaka Fac Mech & Mfg Engn Technol Durian Tunggal 76100 Melaka Malaysia Univ Nottingham Fac Elect & Elect Engn Malaysia Campus Semenyih 43500 Selangor Malaysia

Normally, a single-trailer truck will lose its manoeuvrability when driving at a high speed during cornering or sudden lane changing manoeuvres. In order to improve the manoeuvrability and to avoid rollover accident, this study proposes an active roll control (ARC) using steerable-wheel system at middle axle for single-trailer truck. The system is developed to reject the unwanted yaw, lateral and roll motions based on trailer responses. The control structure of the ARC system is developed on a verified 18-DOF of single-trailer truck model. PID controller as trailer's roll angle feedback control is applied in the control structure and additional roll moment cancellation control using skyhook controller. From the experimental results using hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HiLS), a good similarity between simulation and experiment is observed for yaw rate, roll angle and lateral acceleration responses. It also shows that the developed steerable-wheel system was managed to reduce the unwanted lateral, yaw and roll motions.

关键词： middle axle steerable wheel truck-trailer ARC active roll control HiLS hardware-in-the-loop simulation PID-skyhook

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hardware-in-the-loop simulation on Fault Current Limiting Operation of RE-123 Coated Conductors Under the Influence of Spatial Inhomogeneity

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 2018年第4期28卷 1-5页

作者： Higashikawa, Kohei Tajima, Masahiro Urasaki, Shogo Inoue, Masayoshi Fukumoto, Yusuke Tomita, Masaru Kiss, Takanobu Kyushu Univ Grad Sch Informat Sci & Elect Engn Dept Elect Engn Nishi Ku Fukuoka 8190395 Japan Railway Tech Res Inst Kokubunji Tokyo 1858540 Japan

We have investigated transient behavior of RE-123 coated conductors in fault current limiting operation based on experimental hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS). Fault current limiting function of superconducting electric power application is attractive to maximize the potential of power system;such a function can be realized by the transition to the resistive state of superconducting wire. However, the phenomena is relatively complicated: nonlinear current transport properties varying with time-dependent temperature rise. Furthermore, from practical point of view, the influence of spatially homogeneity of cooling and local critical current properties in RE-123 coated conductors must be clarified for reliable operation. To demonstrate this, we developed HILS system using real-time digital simulator. Fault current limiting operation was successfully demonstrated for dc electric railway system. This method enabled us to evaluate the real-time responses of RE-123 coated conductors such as nonlinear properties and thermal behaviors under a power grid network. In particular, we applied RE-123 coated conductors with spatially inhomogeneous cooling and local critical currents to the experiment to understand the influences of them on the fault current limiting and recovery functions. Furthermore, such transient phenomena were successfully described by an electrically and thermally coupled analysis taking into account of temperature dependent nonlinear transport properties of the RE-123 coated conductors based on the percolation transition model. The method and findings will become crucial for effective and reliable designs of superconducting fault current limiters.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation RE-123 coated conductor spatial inhomogeneity superconducting fault current limiter

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hardware-in-the-loop simulation of machine tools and manufacturing systems

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COMPUTING AND CONTROL ENGINEERING 2005年第1期16卷 10-15页

作者： Stoeppler, G Menzel, T Douglas, S Siemens AG Automat & Dr Mot Control Syst D-8520 Erlangen Germany Liverpool John Moores Univ Sch Engn Liverpool L3 5UX Merseyside England

simulation methods play an important role in the design loop of sophisticatedmachine tools. In this paper we present a different type of simulation strategy, a method thatintegrates control hardware within a simulation model of the machine tool. For motion controlsoftware developers, the benefits are twofold: a simulation test bed becomes available before themachine is available, while the quality of the software migration process can be improved usingautomated regression tests.

关键词： automatic test software computerised numerical control discrete eventsimulation machine tools manufacturing systems virtual machining automated regression tests computerised numerical control hardware-in-the-loop simulation machine tools manufacturing s

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hardware-in-the-loop simulation of the EAST PF converter for PF control system upgrade

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FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2016年 112卷 57-66页

作者： Chen, Xiaojiao Fu, Peng Huang, Liansheng Gao, Ge He, Shiying Chinese Acad Sci ASIPP Inst Plasma Phys POB 1126 Hefei 230031 Anhui Peoples R China Chinese Univ Sci & Technol Hefei 230022 Anhui Peoples R China

The EAST poloidal field (PF) control system was upgraded in 2015 and the new system has been in use for the 2015 EAST campaign. This paper presents the implementation of a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation platform of the EAST PF converter system based on the RT-LAB simulation environment, which was used to improve and evaluate the performance of the real controller. The EAST PF power supply system and its operational modes are presented in this paper. The experiments on HIL simulation platform show that the control algorithms and the over current protection of the controller meet the design requirements well. In addition, the effectiveness of the designed control system has been verified by actual application during the EAST campaign at 2015 for six months. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation Real-time simulation RT-LAB EAST PF Control system

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hardware-in-the-loop simulation Evaluation of Adaptive Signal Control

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TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD 2010年第2192期2192卷 167-176页

作者： Hunter, Michael P. Roe, Matthew Wu, Seung Kook Georgia Inst Technol Sch Civil & Environm Engn Atlanta GA 30332 USA

Increasingly, adaptive signal control and other nontraditional solutions are being implemented in an attempt to improve signal system efficiencies, reduce congestion, enhance signal control responsiveness to incidents, and reduce signal-retiming costs. However, neither field nor simulation studies alone have proven sufficient to evaluate such systems. To overcome the limitations of field data or simulation-only studies, hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) or software-in-the-loop simulation (SILS) may be used. HILS and SILS provide a means for realistic testing, under controlled and repeatable conditions, of signal strategies not directly emulated in a simulation model. This paper presents the initial findings of a HILS evaluation of ACTRA [i.e., semiactuated, coordinated, time-of-day (TOD)] and adaptive signal control on an I I-intersection arterial section. The HILS test bed generally provides a reasonable representation of both TOD and adaptive signal control performance. However, the adaptive a.m. HILS results contain some unexpected behaviors not observed in the field. The initial findings of the signal control comparison indicate that during peak conditions both control strategies provide similar performance;however, during the hours bordering the peaks, adaptive control is likely able to provide control more tailored to the current conditions.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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