Automotive millimeter-wave radar systems are key to automated and connected driving technologies. It is necessary to validate their functional performance in the installed state thoroughly, reliably, and efficiently u...
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High quality of products and quick development cycles require reliable verification of the products. An applicable method for component testing is Real-Time Hybrid Substructuring (RTHS), which is a cyber-physical test...
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High quality of products and quick development cycles require reliable verification of the products. An applicable method for component testing is Real-Time Hybrid Substructuring (RTHS), which is a cyber-physical testing method combining numerical simulation and experimental testing. For the broad application of such testing methods, confidence in the test results must be gained. For this purpose, fidelity measures are required to indicate to the user how trustworthy the results are. The fidelity of an RTHS test does not only depend on the amount of errors in the loop, but also on the dynamics of the reference system and the interface locations. Current assessment measures do either not consider these dynamics/partitioning or require a reference solution or need knowledge about the dynamics of all involved components. This work proposes a novel strategy for fidelity assessment that circumvents these shortcomings: Fidelity Assessment based on Convergence and Extrapolation (FACE). The main idea is to deliberately vary the amount of error in the RTHS loop and monitor how this changes the RTHS result. From this relation, system understanding can be gained that is used in a further step to estimate the dynamics of the reference solution (i.e., if there was no error in the loop). The proposed method is applied to two application examples. In the first example, which is a virtual RTHS test of a linear system, the true reference solution is available and the prediction capability of the FACE method is verified. The second example uses data from a real RTHS test. Both examples reveal that the FACE method captures the dynamics influence of an error on the RTHS result and therefore helps the user to decide whether the conducted test was successful. This method can therefore be a valuable tool to assist users in the application of RTHS to a large variety of systems.
In recent years, the model predictive control (MPC) has become a powerful control technique capable of dealing with nonlinearities of complex and non-complex systems. This paper presents the implementation of a Dynami...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781728190235
In recent years, the model predictive control (MPC) has become a powerful control technique capable of dealing with nonlinearities of complex and non-complex systems. This paper presents the implementation of a Dynamic Matrix Control algorithm applied to a single-phase photovoltaic inverter for its application in isolated areas. The proposed algorithm is evaluated in Matlab/Simulink for reference signal tracking and disturbance rejection. The experimental validation is performed at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro through hardware-in-the-loop testing, using a Typhoon HIL402 real-time emulator machine and a dSPACE DS1103 controller board. The results show that this control algorithm is robust to load variations and has a fast response to reference change and disturbance rejection.
Objective: This paper presents a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing platform for evaluating the performance of fluid resuscitation control algorithms. The proposed platform is a cyber-physical system that integrates p...
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Objective: This paper presents a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing platform for evaluating the performance of fluid resuscitation control algorithms. The proposed platform is a cyber-physical system that integrates physical devices with computational models and computer-based algorithms. Methods: The HIL test bed is evaluated against in silico and in vivo data to ensure the hemodynamic variables are appropriately predicted in the proposed platform. The test bed is then used to investigate the performance of two fluid resuscitation control algorithms: a decision table (rule-based) and a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. Results: The statistical evaluation of test bed indicates that similar results are observed in the HIL test bed, in silico implementation, and the in vivo data, verifying that the HIL test bed can adequately predict the hemodynamic responses. Comparison of the two fluid resuscitation controllers reveals that both controllers stabilized hemodynamic variables over time and had similar speed to efficiently achieve the target level of the hemodynamic endpoint. However, the accuracy of the PID controller was higher than the rule-based for the scenarios tested in the HIL platform. Conclusion: The results demonstrate the potential of the HIL test bed for realistic testing of physiologic controllers by incorporating physical devices with computational models of physiology and disturbances. Significance: This type of testing enables relatively fast evaluation of physiologic closed-loop control systems to aid in iterative design processes and offers complementary means to existing techniques (e.g., in silico, in vivo, and clinical studies) for testing of such systems against a wide range of disturbances and scenarios.
Laboratory validation is an important step in the development of new navigation and estimation algorithms. The laboratory validation process often requires the simulation and/or emulation of vehicles, sensors, and ope...
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Laboratory validation is an important step in the development of new navigation and estimation algorithms. The laboratory validation process often requires the simulation and/or emulation of vehicles, sensors, and operational environments. At Texas A&M University’s Land, Air, and Space Robotics (LASR) Laboratory, robotics is utilized to provide the necessary motion and sensing capabilities to meet this end. A new robotic platform - the Navigation, Estimation, and Sensing Testbed (NEST) - was developed for the LASR Laboratory to aid the algorithm testing and validation process. NEST combines a suite of sensors, powerful onboard computer, rechargeable battery, and supporting power electronics into a compact, modular chassis. The result is a versatile, reusable vehicle emulation and sensing platform that can be applied to a variety of projects and operated on its own or in conjunction with other robotic platforms and computing units. NEST’s hardware and software are discussed, along with typical utilization within the laboratory.
The increasing share of decentral renewable energy in Germany requires the flexibilization of prosumers in the electricity grid. Prosumers that can shift power demand from high price intervals to low price intervals c...
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The increasing share of decentral renewable energy in Germany requires the flexibilization of prosumers in the electricity grid. Prosumers that can shift power demand from high price intervals to low price intervals can make use of time-variable electricity prices. In this research an optimization-based method called economic model predictive control (MPC) is implemented on field-typical hardware to show practical considerations of this application. The implementation is evaluated in a hardware-in-the-loop test bench using simulation data obtained from measurements in an existing production facility. In this manner, we demonstrate that the field application of economic MPC is feasible and can generate economic benefits for the energy system operator.
The testing of a 500 kW photovoltaic array inverter using power hardware-in-the-loop simulation is described. A real-time simulator is used with a DC amplifier in order to emulate a photovoltaic (PV) array and an AC a...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467324199
The testing of a 500 kW photovoltaic array inverter using power hardware-in-the-loop simulation is described. A real-time simulator is used with a DC amplifier in order to emulate a photovoltaic (PV) array and an AC amplifier to emulate a power grid. The test setup is described in detail and a range of tests that were conducted on the inverter are summarized.
The aim of this paper is to present a communication network emulator based hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) real time test bench. The emulator is used together with Opal-RT simulator to build up the test bench for testing o...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509047468
The aim of this paper is to present a communication network emulator based hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) real time test bench. The emulator is used together with Opal-RT simulator to build up the test bench for testing of power system protection applications. The emulator enables us to model and vary new network properties and communication services that can have effect on protection system applications. With the aid of power system protection testing based on IEC 61850, this paper demonstrates how this test bench can be set up. Case studies of how the network emulator can be used to model communication properties and how it has satisfactory performance comparable to practical network switches are presented and discussed. In addition, the flexibility and capabilities of the emulator switch on implementation of router functions for management and control to support IEC 61850 Ethernet network communication have been examined.
The objective of this work is the development of an innovative actuator for Velan ABV S.p.A., which is mainly used for control and special on/off applications where high efficiency and linear behaviors are desirable s...
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The objective of this work is the development of an innovative actuator for Velan ABV S.p.A., which is mainly used for control and special on/off applications where high efficiency and linear behaviors are desirable specifications. The main performances of the proposed actuator, which has been protected by a patent, have been compared with a conventional scotch yoke one, using both the simulation results and the experimental data. In order to measure the efficiency and the dynamical response of the actuators, the authors have designed a hydraulic test rig, configured to fulfill different testing procedures. In this way, it is possible to perform both static tests to identify actuator efficiency and dynamic hardware-in-the-loop tests in which an assigned load or valve impedance function is simulated to verify the response of the tested object in realistic operating conditions. Finally, the proposed test rig has been successfully used to perform reliability and fatigue tests in which the actuator is stressed with realistic and repetitive loads. Moreover, the integrated development of both innovative actuator and testing devices is explained introducing interesting concepts whose applications are normally limited to robotics (e.g. impedance and force control) or vehicular technology (e.g. smart suspensions and suppression of vibrations).
Modern cars comprise of increasingly complex electronic devices. Especially for electronic control units (ECUs) in safety-critical application areas, testing must be effective and efficient in the potentially conflict...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789811007408;9789811007385
Modern cars comprise of increasingly complex electronic devices. Especially for electronic control units (ECUs) in safety-critical application areas, testing must be effective and efficient in the potentially conflicting area of increasing system complexity and shorter development cycles. As a significant enhancement to well-known development efforts according to the V-Model, the use of ECU simulation models at the early stages of development were proposed. These models closely resembled the behavior and functionality of a real ECU in a state-based implementation compliant to modeling standards like UML (Unified Modeling Language). The approach was seamlessly embedded in automotive hardware in loop-based ECU integration and system testing, which allowed for a thorough verification and validation of basic system requirements and test case implementations.
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