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IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE)

作者： Sarwar, Ghulam Ullah, Farman Lee, Sungchang Korea Aerosp Univ Dept Informat & Commun Goyang South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781479912919

In this paper, we propose hierarchical control architecture and request routing mechanisms to support N-Screen services and mobility of both sources and devices in heterogeneous networks. N-Screen services enable users to manage their active sessions among multiple devices having different capabilities, access networks and locations. To support N-Screen services in mobile operator networks, we introduce new functions that maintain the list of active devices with their sessions and network parameters for efficient N-Screen session management. The system supports the terminal and personal mobility of both the sources and devices without affecting the overall multicast connections and minimizes the service disruption. We propose a hierarchical structure for request routing and content sharing that tries to add a user to an active session locally first. The system offloads the backhaul and core networks traffic by localized session adaptation and sharing and improves the scalability issue of existing centralized mobile network architecture. We focus on the physical placement of the new nodes and mechanisms for request routing. Simulation results show that the use of hierarchical adaptation nodes in mobile operator networks can significantly reduce network latency and traffic, and improve the system throughput.

关键词： mobile radio multicast communication telecommunication network management telecommunication network routing telecommunication traffic N-Screen session management N-screen services core networks traffic heterogeneous networks hierarchical control structure hierarchical structure mobile operator network multicast connections network parameters personal mobility request routing mechanisms support N-Screen services Bridges Mobile communication Mobile computing Multimedia communication Routing Servers Throughput

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Preparation of Papers for IFAC Conferences & Symposia: Integration of Process Design and control Using hierarchical control structure 9

Preparation of Papers for IFAC Conferences & Symposia: Integ...

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9th IFAC Symposium on Advanced control of Chemical Processes ADCHEM 2015

作者： Zhou, Menglei Li, Long Xie, Lei Cai, Yijun Pan, Haitian Zhejiang Univ Technol Dept Chem Engn Hangzhou 310014 Zhejiang Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Inst Cyber Syst & Control Natl Key Lab Ind Control Technol Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China

The integration of process design and control (IPDC) has become increasingly important and received considerable academic and practitioner attention over the recent decades. Moreover, some works in the field have utilized advanced controllers into IPDC framework. Considering the fact that the hierarchical control structure which consists of local PID controllers and an advanced process control (APC) as the central controller has been used widely in industrial practice, in this paper, the two-level hierarchical control structure is taken into account within the IPDC framework for the first time. The IPDC problem using hierarchical control structure is formulated as a bi-level optimization problem, which separates the design decisions from the APC decisions and then keeps the problem size manageable. And the APC decisions are incorporated in a superstructure-based dynamic optimization formulation which considers both cost and controllability. A continuous stirred tank reactor is used to test the proposed IPDC methodology.

关键词： process design hierarchical control structure bi-level optimization integration advanced process control

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Preparation of Papers for IFAC Conferences & Symposia: Integration of Process Design and control Using hierarchical control structure

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2015年第8期48卷 188-192页

作者： Mengfei Zhou Long Li Lei Xie Yijun Cai Haitian Pan Department of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China Tel: +86-571-88320329 National Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

关键词： process design hierarchical control structure bi-level optimization integration advanced process control

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control devices development of multi-microgrids based on hierarchical structure

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2016年第16期10卷 4249-4256页

作者： Xu, Zhirong Yang, Ping Zhang, Yujia Zeng, Zhiji Zheng, Chengli Peng, Jiajun South China Univ Technol Sch Elect Power 381 Wushan Rd Guangzhou Guangdong Peoples R China Guangdong Key Lab Clean Energy Technol 25 Cent Ave Guangzhou Guangdong Peoples R China Natl Local Joint Engn Lab Wind Power Control & In 25 Cent Ave Guangzhou Guangdong Peoples R China

With the fast proliferation of microgrids integrated into the power grid, several nearby microgrids with common benefit have been coupled to be multi-microgrids (MMGs), which is a significant stage for developing the smart grid. A suitable control structure and corresponding control device need to be proposed for the MMGs operating efficiently. However, mostly micrgrid control devices are still restricted to the single microgrid and have limited application without the common design. The authors develop control devices with a prodigious popularisation value for the MMGs based on the hierarchical control structure. According to the proposed four-layer control architecture (scheduling layer, central control layer, integrated terminal layer and bottom layer), the hardware and software design suitable for the MMGs control devices and its multi-time scale communication architecture has been presented. Furthermore, the appearance design and interface exploitation were introduced as well. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the validity of the proposed MMGs control structure and devices, which could contribute to the large-scale application of MMGs control devices and provide a reference for other MMGs projects.

关键词： distributed power generation power generation control hierarchical systems smart power grids control engineering computing user interface management systems large-scale systems control device development multimicrogrids power grid smart grid development micrgrid control devices hierarchical control structure four-layer control architecture scheduling layer central control layer integrated terminal layer bottom layer hardware design software design multitime scale communication architecture MMG control device large-scale application appearance design interface exploitation

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hierarchical control structures for Real Time Scheduling of Releases in a Multireservoir System During Floods

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1987年第9期20卷 405-412页

作者： K. Malinowski A. Karbowski K.A. Salewicz Institute of Automatic Control Warsaw University of Technology. ul. Nowowiejska 15/19 00-665 Warsaw Poland Institute of Geophysics Polish Academy of Sciences. ul. Pasteura 3 00-973 Warsaw Poland

The paper presents two hierarchical control structures for real-time flood control in a multireservoir system. The aim of the control is to minimize the flood damages which are related to peak water levels at the important locations situated downstream the reservoirs. Water releases from the reservoirs are adjusted by the local operators while the objective of the central authority is to modify the release patterns (in case of the first control structure) or the local performance functions (in case of the second structure) so as to achieve his overall goals. The decision mechanism of the central dispatcher is based upon fast simulation of the system operation under different flood scenarios. Application of the proposed control structures to the case study multireservoir system is described together with selected simulation results.

关键词： hierarchical control structure flood control local decision mechanism global decision mechanism repetitive optimization of decision variables water resources

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A Multi-time Scale Tie-line Energy and Reserve Allocation Model Considering Wind Power Uncertainties for Multi-area Systems

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2021年第4期7卷 677-687页

作者： Jian Xu Siyang Liao Haiyan Jiang Danning Zhang Yuanzhang Sun Deping Ke Xiong Li Jun Yang Xiaotao Peng Liangzhong Yao School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China State Grid(Suzhou)City&Energy Research Institute Suzhou 215000China State Grid Zhengzhou Electric Power Supply Company Zhengzhou 450000China

Continued expansion of the power grid and the increasing proportion of wind power centralized integration leads to requirements in sharing both energy and reserves among multiple areas under a hierarchical control structure,which successively requires a correction between schedule plans within multi-time *** order to address this problem,this paper develops an information integration method integrating complicated relationships among fuel cost,total thermal power output,reserve capacity,owned reserves and expectations of load shedding and wind curtailment,into three types of time-related relationship curves・Furthermore,a multi-time scale tieline energy and reserves allocation model is proposed,which contains two levels in the control structure,two time scales in dispatch sequence and multiple areas integrated within wind farms as scheduling objects・The efficiency of the proposed method is tested in a 9-bus test system and IEEE 118-bus *** results show that a cross-regional control center is able to approach the optimal scheduling results of the whole system with the integrated uploaded relationship *** proposed model not only relieves energy and reserve shortages in partial areas but also allocates them to more urgent need areas in a high effectivity manner in both day-ahead and intraday time scales.

关键词： Energy and reserve allocation hierarchical control structure multi-area system multi-time scale economic dispatch wind power

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An integrated and reconfigurable hybrid AC/DC microgrid architecture with autonomous power flow control for nearly/net zero energy buildings

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APPLIED ENERGY 2020年第0期263卷 114610-000页

作者： Yu, Hang Niu, Songyan Zhang, Yumeng Jian, Linni Southern Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China

With the ever-increasing of population and economy worldwide, buildings have become major energy consumers and greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters. The hybrid AC/DC microgrid is a promising alternative for existing power distribution systems to achieve the goal of nearly/net zero energy buildings (nZEBs). However, the increasing demand for compact structure, seamless integration of distributed generators (DGs) and loads, as well as more control flexibility of hybrid microgrids cannot be adequately satisfied by conventional grid architectures. In view of this, an integrated and reconfigurable hybrid AC/DC microgrid architecture with its hierarchical control strategy is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a novel interlinking converter named smart interlinking unit (SIU) is presented, which can provide multiple AC/DC interfaces and diverse operation modes with various control functionalities. Secondly, the SIU-based hybrid microgrid architecture and its hierarchical control structure are established. The dedicated interfaces and cluster controllers for electric vehicles (EVs) facilitate the implementation of centralized vehicle-to-grid (V2G) service. Thirdly, a hierarchical control strategy of SIU, which involves local control in primary control level and power flow control in secondary control level, is introduced to realize coordinated operation of microgrid. The model of the proposed hybrid microgrid architecture is built, and the simulation results demonstrate that the microgrid architecture and hierarchical control strategy can achieve a reliable and coordinated system operation under various kinds of scenarios. Additionally, the mutual power support between AC and DC sub-grids is realized with increased utilization and local consumption of renewable energy resources (RESs).

关键词： Hybrid AC/DC microgrid architecture Smart interlinking unit (SIU) hierarchical control structure Local control Power flow control

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Primary control level of parallel distributed energy resources converters in system of multiple interconnected autonomous microgrids within self-healing networks

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2014年第2期8卷 203-222页

作者： Shahnia, Farhad Chandrasena, Ruwan P. S. Rajakaruna, Sumedha Ghosh, Arindam Curtin Univ Ctr Smart Grid & Sustainable Power Syst Dept Elect & Comp Engn Perth WA 6845 Australia Curtin Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Perth WA 6845 Australia Queensland Univ Technol Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Brisbane Qld 4001 Australia

To minimise the number of load sheddings in a microgrid (MG) during autonomous operation, islanded neighbour MGs can be interconnected if they are on a self-healing network and an extra generation capacity is available in the distributed energy resources (DER) of one of the MGs. In this way, the total load in the system of interconnected MGs can be shared by all the DERs within those MGs. However, for this purpose, carefully designed self-healing and supply restoration control algorithm, protection systems and communication infrastructure are required at the network and MG levels. In this study, first, a hierarchical control structure is discussed for interconnecting the neighbour autonomous MGs where the introduced primary control level is the main focus of this study. Through the developed primary control level, this study demonstrates how the parallel DERs in the system of multiple interconnected autonomous MGs can properly share the load of the system. This controller is designed such that the converter-interfaced DERs operate in a voltage-controlled mode following a decentralised power sharing algorithm based on droop control. DER converters are controlled based on a per-phase technique instead of a conventional direct-quadratic transformation technique. In addition, linear quadratic regulator-based state feedback controllers, which are more stable than conventional proportional integrator controllers, are utilised to prevent instability and weak dynamic performances of the DERs when autonomous MGs are interconnected. The efficacy of the primary control level of the DERs in the system of multiple interconnected autonomous MGs is validated through the PSCAD/EMTDC simulations considering detailed dynamic models of DERs and converters.

关键词： distributed power generation load shedding power generation control power system interconnection power system restoration voltage control PSCAD/EMTDC simulations weak dynamic performances conventional proportional integrator controllers linear quadratic regulator-based state feedback controllers conventional direct-quadratic transformation technique DER converters droop control decentralised power sharing algorithm voltage-controlled mode converter-interfaced DER hierarchical control structure communication infrastructure protection systems supply restoration control algorithm generation capacity islanded neighbour MG autonomous operation load sheddings self-healing networks multiple interconnected autonomous microgrids parallel distributed energy resources converters primary control level

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A new stochastic gain adaptive energy management system for smart microgrids considering frequency responsive loads

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ENERGY REPORTS 2020年 6卷 914-932页

作者： Rezaei, Navid Mazidi, Mohammadreza Gholami, Mehrdad Mohiti, Maryam Univ Kurdistan Dept Elect Engn Sanandaj Iran Yazd Univ Dept Elect Engn Yazd Iran

Islanded microgrids as flexible, adaptive and sustainable smart cells of distribution power systems should be operated in accordance to both techno-economic purposes. Motivated by this need, the microgrid operators are in charge to elevate the active accommodation of both demand-side and supply-side distributed energy resources. To that end, in this paper, a new flexible frequency dependent energy management system is proposed through which distributed generators have time varying droop controllers with a gain-adaptive strategy. Besides to cope economically with uncertainty arise frequency excursions, a new, comfort-aware and versatile frequency dependent demand response program is mathematically formulated and conducted to the energy management system. It is aimed to co-optimize the microgrid energy resources such a way the day-ahead operational costs are managed subject to a secure frequency control portfolio. The presented model is solved using a two-stage stochastic programming and by a tractable efficient mixed integer linear programming approach. The simulation results are derived in 24-h scheduling time horizon and implemented on a typical test microgrid. The effectiveness of the proposed hourly gain assignment and frequency responsive load management program has been verified thoroughly by analyzing the results. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： hierarchical control structure Islanded microgrids Droop gain scheduling Frequency responsive loads Two-stage stochastic optimization

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Two-voltage hierarchical model predictive control for a single-phase cascaded H-bridge rectifier

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IET POWER ELECTRONICS 2019年第7期12卷 1634-1642页

作者： Qi, Chen Chen, Xiyou Su, Lijuan Lang, Zhengying Dalian Univ Technol Sch Elect Engn Dalian Peoples R China

The finite-control-set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) method is promising for cascaded H-bridge (CHB) rectifiers. However, three issues arise in the traditional FCS-MPC method: heavy computational burden, low steady-state performance, and time-consuming tuning work of weighting factor. Although some modified FCS-MPC methods have been proposed for CHB rectifiers, there is an open task to solve all aforementioned issues simultaneously. Here, a novel FCS-MPC method has been proposed for a single-phase CHB rectifier. In proposed method, the computational burden is reduced from exponential time to linear time. The steady-state performance is improved by selecting an optimal combination of two output voltages along with their duty cycles. The weighting factor is eliminated by using a hierarchical control structure. The proposed method has been tested and evaluated against three existing FCS-MPC methods on a single-phase three-cell CHB rectifier.

关键词： predictive control rectifiers bridge circuits time-consuming tuning work weighting factor modified FCS-MPC methods CHB rectifiers aforementioned issues novel FCS-MPC method single-phase CHB rectifier exponential time steady-state performance output voltages hierarchical control structure existing FCS-MPC methods single-phase three-cell CHB rectifier voltage hierarchical model predictive control single-phase cascaded H-bridge rectifier finite-control-set model predictive control cascaded H-bridge rectifiers traditional FCS-MPC method heavy computational burden

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