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6th IFIP WG 2.14 European Conference on Service-Oriented and Cloud Computing (ESOCC)

作者： Bezirgiannis, Nikolaos de Boer, Frank de Gouw, Stijn Leiden Inst Adv Comp Sci Leiden Netherlands CWI Amsterdam Netherlands Open Univ Heerlen Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9783319672625;9783319672618

In this paper we discuss an integrated tool suite for the simulation of software services which are offered on the Cloud. The tool suite uses the Abstract Behavioral Specification (ABS)language for modeling the software services and their Cloud deployment. For the real-time execution of the ABS models we use a Haskell backend which is based on a source-to-source translation of ABS into Haskell. The tool suite then allows Cloud engineers to interact in real-time with the execution of the model by deploying and managing service instances. The resulting human-in-the-loop simulation of Cloud services can be used both for training purposes and for the (semi-)automated support for the real-time monitoring and management of the actual service instances.

关键词： human-in-the-loop simulation Cloud services Monitors Service Level Agreement

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Evaluation of a Tactical Surface Metering Tool for Charlotte Douglas International Airport via human-in-the-loop simulation 36

Evaluation of a Tactical Surface Metering Tool for Charlotte...

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36th IEEE/AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)

作者： Verma, Savita Lee, Hanbong Martin, Lynne Stevens, Lindsay Jung, Yoon Dulchinos, Victoria Chevalley, Eric Jobe, Kim Parke, Bonny NASA Ames Res Ctr Moffett Field CA 94035 USA San Jose State Univ NASA Ames Res Ctr Moffett Field CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781538603659

NASA has been working with the FAA and aviation industry partners to develop and demonstrate new concepts and technologies that integrate arrival, departure, and surface traffic management capabilities. In March 2017, NASA conducted a human-in-the-loop (HITL) simulation for integrated surface and airspace operations, modeling Charlotte Douglas International Airport, to evaluate the operational procedures and information requirements for the tactical surface metering tool, and data exchange elements between the airline controlled ramp and ATC Tower. In this paper, we focus on the calibration of the tactical surface metering tool using various metrics measured from the HITL simulation results. Key performance metrics include gate hold times from pushback advisories, taxi-in/out times, runway throughput, and departure queue size. Subjective metrics presented in this paper include workload, situational awareness, and acceptability of the metering tool and its calibration

关键词： air traffic management integrated operations tactical surface metering human-in-the-loop simulation

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Using Signal Detection Theory and Time Window-based human-in-the-loop simulation as a tool for assessing the effectiveness of different qualitative shapes in continuous monitoring tasks

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APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2014年第3期45卷 693-705页

作者： Kim, Jung Hyup Rothrock, Ling Laberge, Jason Penn State Univ Dept Ind & Mfg Engn University Pk PA 16802 USA Univ Missouri Dept Ind & Mfg Syst Engn Columbia MO 65211 USA Honeywell ACS Labs Minneapolis MN 55422 USA

This paper provides a case study of Signal Detection Theory (SDT) as applied to a continuous monitoring dual-task environment. Specifically, SDT was used to evaluate the independent contributions of sensitivity and bias to different qualitative gauges used in process control. To assess detection performance in monitoring the gauges, we developed a Time Window-based human-In-The-loop (TWHITL) simulation bed. Through this test bed, we were able to generate a display similar to those monitored by console operators in oil and gas refinery plants. By using SDT and TWHITL, we evaluated the sensitivity, operator bias, and response time of flow, level, pressure, and temperature gauge-shapes developed by Abnormal Situation Management (R) (ASM (R)) Consortium (***). Our findings suggest that display density influences the effectiveness of participants in detecting abnormal shapes. Furthermore, results suggest that some shapes elicit better detection performance than others. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd and The Ergonomics Society. All rights reserved.

关键词： Signal Detection Theory human-in-the-loop simulation Continuous monitoring task

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The use of human-in-the-loop and constructive simulation to support operations research into MH-60R tactics development 21

The use of human-in-the-loop and constructive simulation to ...

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21st International Congress on Modelling and simulation (MODSIM) held jointly with the 23rd National Conference of the Australian-Society-for-Operations-Research / DSTO led Defence Operations Research Symposium (DORS

作者： Chandran, Arvind Luketic, Nik Stewart, Christopher Shokr, Mina Def Sci & Technol Grp Fishermans Bend Vic Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9780987214355

Joint and Operations Analysis Division (JOAD) of Defence Science and Technology Group (DST Group) is currently tasked by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) to provide operations research (OR) support to tactics development for the MH-60R 'Romeo' maritime combat helicopter in the Australian context. This is part of the Romeo acquisition and introduction into service process, as it is integrated into Australia's force-in-being. JOAD employs a number of OR techniques of varying fidelity to support tactics development, with the selection of methods depending on the nature and complexity of the requirement. One of the approaches employed extensively is the complementary use of human-in-the-loop (HIL) and constructive simulation. Several studies have been conducted using this approach to examine and compare the effectiveness of various Romeo tactics over a range of operational environments and requirements. Accurate elicitation of tacit operator knowledge is known to be a difficult problem. The DST Groupdeveloped Synthetic human-in-the-loop Air 7000/9000 Research Program (SHARP) provides a framework in which to expose operators to an interactive real-time simulated mission. SHARP provides an immersive environment in which the operator can explore various tactical employment options in real time. Information can be captured describing critical decision points and the operators' decision-making processes during the mission. This information then forms a baseline for first modelling, then simulating, operator and other human behaviours within the context of the mission using a constructive simulation framework. This approach can be utilised to explore existing defence capabilities or new technologies and concepts. The DST Group-developed Combined Helicopter OPerational and Performance Analysis (CHOPPA) constructive simulation framework supports Monte-Carlo simulation and analysis of complex mission scenarios at timescales that are orders of magnitude faster than real-time. Frie

关键词： human-in-the-loop simulation constructive simulation modelling operations research elicitation

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A user-centric computer-aided verification process in a virtuality-reality continuum

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COMPUTERS IN INDUSTRY 2022年 140卷

作者： Romero, Victor Pinquie, Romain Noel, Frederic Univ Grenoble Alpes CNRS Grenoble INP G SCOP Grenoble France

Although companies systematically strive for a full digitalisation of their products and their processes, the design phase shows that the quality of models is very unequal. Indeed, detailed design benefits from much more sophisticated methods and tools than the specification and architecture activities. Although, we should note the recent paradigm shift from document-based to model-based systems engineering, these models, which are mainly static 2D diagrams, remain poor to facilitate design verification early on. Thus, to detect most errors during the design phase, companies have no other alternative than to wait up to the testing phase which occurs after several years of development for complex systems. Thus, we propose a user-centric computer-aided verification process to ensure that the design meets the requirements under realistic operational conditions. The verification process provides a progressive immersion into the virtual system before seamlessly transitioning to the real system. Our work is built upon state-of-the-art MBSE methods such as the Property Model Methodology, which enables systems engineers to co-simulate specification models and design models. We improve such MBSE methods by increasing the level of realism that experiences the end-user during the verification of a design by the original combination of Model-In the-loop, Immersive Model-In-the-loop, human-In-the-loop, and Hardware-In-the-loop simulation strategies. A robot arm is used as a use case to illustrate the verification process.(c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Model-based systems engineering Validation Verification User-centred design Virtual reality human-in-the-loop simulation Immersion Realism

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Influence of Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding on Flight Efficiency and Throughput - A human-in-the-loop Study 42

Influence of Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding ...

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IEEE/AIAA 42nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)

作者： Ahrenhold, Nils Helmke, Hartmut Muehlhausen, Thorsten Kleinert, Matthias Ohneiser, Oliver Ehr, Heiko German Aerosp Ctr DLR Inst Flight Guidance Braunschweig Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350333572

Modern Controller Working Positions (CWP) require manual input into digital flight strips or aircraft radar labels. Erroneous or missing input from air traffic controllers (ATCos) can lead to inefficiencies and potential safety issues. Automatic speech recognition and understanding (ASRU) support is a method to improve the accuracy of digital system inputs. This paper investigates the effectiveness of ASRU support on ATCos radar label maintenance, with the aim of determining the impact on of Air Traffic Management efficiency. To that aim, a human-in- the-loop study was carried out at DLR Braunschweig. The results reveal (i) that the verbal ATCo transmissions analyzed by ASRU achieved a robust command recognition rate of 92.5% with a command error rate of 2.4%;(ii) within the baseline conditions seven actual safety-critical situations were observed, whereas with ASRU support only four happened;(iii) through ASRU support the number of wrong or missing radar label entries were reduced by the factor of two;and (iv) ATCos' situational awareness improved while the perceived mental workload decreased. These results indicate that more mental spare capacity was available with ASRU support, which improves the planning process and increases traffic flow.

关键词： automatic speech recognition automatic speech understanding air traffic management human factors human-in-the-loop simulation air traffic control

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Conceptual Analysis of Allocation Strategies for Air Traffic Control Concepts without Conventional Sector Boundaries 23

Conceptual Analysis of Allocation Strategies for Air Traffic...

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23rd Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)

作者： Finck, Tobias Kluenker, Carmo S. Weber, Mara German Aerosp Ctr DLR Inst Flight Guidance Braunschweig Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350333626

Allocation strategies are an essential part of implementing new air traffic management (ATM) concepts where sector boundaries change dynamically or are eliminated altogether, as in the case of Flight Centric Air Traffic Control (FCA). In the latter, the conventional allocation of aircraft to controllers based on fixed geographically defined sector boundaries no longer exists. Allocation strategies are used to re-establish the allocation with the aim to reduce the workload (WL) for each individual controller while at the same time achieving an even workload distribution among all controllers. The allocation can be done by a human allocator or an allocation system. A combination of both is also a possible option. The allocation of aircraft to controllers follows set rules, which can be static, dynamic or a combination of both. At the German Aerospace Center (DLR), first human-in-the-loop (HITL) simulations on a small FCA airspace were conducted to validate the applicability of initial allocation concepts. This paper presents various allocation approaches and discusses human-inthe-loop simulations performed for a dynamic, automatic allocation and a static, automatic allocation.

关键词： Flight Centric ATC Dynamic Airspace Allocation human-in-the-loop simulation

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A human-in-the-loop Study on the Dynamic Sectorization Concept for Air Traffic Control in Shannon Airspace 42

A Human-in-the-Loop Study on the Dynamic Sectorization Conce...

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IEEE/AIAA 42nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)

作者： Ahrenhold, Nils Gerdes, Ingrid Muehlhausen, Thorsten Temme, Annette German Aerosp Ctr DLR Inst Flight Guidance Braunschweig Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350333572

Defining and avoiding climate-sensitive areas, especially for en-route air traffic, leads to changes in traffic flows, which can evoke disbalances in air traffic controller (ATCO) workload. One powerful solution to balance ATCO workload with respect to traffic flows changing over time is the application of the dynamic sectorization concept. A major asset of the dynamic sectorization concept is that time-dependent sectorizations are developed depending on the current traffic picture. In this paper we present our feasibility study of the dynamic sectorization concept applied to a contrail avoiding scenario.

关键词： dynamic sectorization human-in-the-loop simulation controller

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Charting the landscape of rail human factors and automation: A systematic scoping review

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TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH INTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES 2025年 30卷

作者： Kusumastuti, Sarah A. Kolkman, Tom H. J. Lo, Julia C. Borsci, Simone Univ Twente Fac Behav Management & Social Sci Human Factors Team CoDE Grp Dep Learning Data Analyt & Technol Capitool 15 NL-7521 PL Enschede Netherlands ProRail Dept Innovat & Dev Moreelsepk 3 NL-3511 EP Utrecht Netherlands Imperial Coll London St Marys Hosp NIHR UK HealthTech Res Ctr Vitro Diagnost Fac MedDep Surg & Canc Praed St London W2 1NY England

As railway systems in Europe move towards increased integration and automation, understanding the human factors implications is critical. This systematic scoping review examines research on human factors and automation in railways, with a focus on studies involving railway operators such as train drivers and traffic controllers. Following PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines, we explored six databases and solicited expert recommendations, identifying 65 relevant studies published since 2000. Studies were categorized based on methodology and analysed to identify key themes, measures, and research priorities. The review revealed five main types of studies: empirical simulations (32%), non-simulation studies (25%), literature reviews (8%), analysis of existing technologies (31%), and new technologies (20%). Key research priorities included assessing the impact of automation on operator performance, workload, and situational awareness. human-in-the-loop simulations emerged as a crucial method for evaluating new automated systems. Nevertheless, gaps emerged, e.g., studies focus mainly on drivers, use small sample sizes, and pay little attention to operators' communications. Moreover, researchers seem to have scattered goals and assessment practices, with limited cross-contamination among different centres and across domains. If the goal is to integrate the European rail network, policymakers should push not only for technological integration but also for cultural and methodological integration, in which human factors can play a pivotal role.

关键词： human factors Rail Automation Train driver Traffic control human-in-the-loop simulation

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Driver Behavior Modeling Using Game Engine and Real Vehicle: A Learning-Based Approach

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT VEHICLES 2020年第4期5卷 738-749页

作者： Wang, Ziran Liao, Xishun Wang, Chao Oswald, David Wu, Guoyuan Boriboonsomsin, Kanok Barth, Matthew J. Han, Kyungtae Kim, BaekGyu Tiwari, Prashant Toyota Motor North Amer InfoTech Labs Mountain View CA 94043 USA Univ Calif Riverside Ctr Environm Res & Technol Riverside CA 92507 USA

As a good example of Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS), Advisory Speed Assistance (ASA) helps improve driving safety and possibly energy efficiency by showing advisory speed to the driver of an intelligent vehicle. However, driver-based speed tracking errors often emerge, due to the perception and reaction delay, as well as imperfect vehicle control, degrading the effectiveness of ASA system. In this study, we propose a learning-based approach to modeling driver behavior, aiming to predict and compensate for the speed tracking errors in real time. Subject drivers are first classified into different types according to their driving behaviors using the k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) algorithm. A nonlinear autoregressive (NAR) neural network is then adopted to predict the speed tracking errors generated by each driver. A specific traffic scenario has been created in a Unity game engine-based driving simulator platform, where ASA system provides advisory driving speed to the driver via a head-up display (HUD). A human-in-the-loop simulation study is conducted by 17 volunteer drivers, revealing a 53% reduction in the speed error variance and a 3% reduction in the energy consumption with the compensation of the speed tracking errors. The results are further validated by a field implementation with a real passenger vehicle.

关键词： Driver behavior game engine machine learning neural network Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS) human-in-the-loop simulation field implementation

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