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H.264 video watermarking with secret image sharing

IET image PROCESSING 2011年第4期5卷 349-355页

作者： Chen, W. -M. Lai, C. -J. Wang, H. -C. Chao, H. -C. Lo, C. -H. Natl Ilan Univ Inst Comp Sci & Informat Engn Ilan Taiwan Natl Ilan Univ Dept Elect Engn Ilan Taiwan Natl Dong Hwa Univ Dept Elect Engn Hualien Taiwan

More people are studying digital video stream transference via networks. However, frequent Internet use increases the requirement for copyright protection and security. As a consequence, to prevent video streams that belong to rightful owners from being intentionally or unknowingly used by others, information protection is indispensable. The authors propose a novel method for video watermarking that is specifically designed for H.264 video. For the experiment, a low-energy signal can relatively guard against low-pass filter attacks. Conversely, a high-energy signal in the host signal can relatively guard against the high-frequency noise attack. In view of these facts, the proposed system design embedding algorithm provides high-energy and low-energy blocks. The blocks in the host image frame are divided into two different groups by estimating the block energy. The existing singular value decomposition methods were employed to calculate the watermark information. In order to enhance the security, the proposed system also employs torus automorphisms to encrypt the watermark. To achieve better robustness, the encrypted results use secret image sharing technology embedded into different I-frames in the video stream.

关键词： video streaming image denoising video coding digital video stream transference secret image sharing image and video coding copyright security low-pass filter attacks Data security singular value decomposition methods watermarking information protection SVD copyright protection high-frequency noise attack H.264 video watermarking video signal processing

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Mean shift clustering-based moving object segmentation in the H.264 compressed domain

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IET image PROCESSING 2010年第1期4卷 11-18页

作者： Fei, W. Zhu, S. Marvell Technol Shanghai Ltd Shanghai 201203 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Coll Elect Engn Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang Peoples R China

This study presents a mean shift clustering-based moving object segmentation approach in the H. 264 compressed domain. The motion information extracted from H. 264 compressed video, including motion vectors (MVs) and partitioned block size, are used as segmentation cues. The MVs are processed by normalisation, weighted 3D median filter and motion compensation to obtain a reliable and salient MV field. The partitioned block size is used as a measure of motion texture in the process of the MV field. Based on the processed MV field, the authors employ the mean shift-based mode seeking in spatial, temporal and range domain to develop a new approach for compact representation of the MV field. Then, the MV field is segmented into different motion-homogenous regions by clustering the modes with small spatial and range distance, and each object is represented by some dominant modes. Experimental results for several H. 264 compressed video sequences demonstrate good performance and efficiency of the proposed segmentation approach.

关键词： median filters video coding motion information mean shift clustering H.264 compressed video image and video coding motion compensation moving object segmentation Other topics in statistics partitioned block size weighted 3D median filter motion vector data compression estimation theory image segmentation video signal processing

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Compression of multi-polarimetric SAR intensity images based on 3D-matrix transform

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IET image PROCESSING 2008年第4期2卷 194-202页

作者： Zhang, W. -C. Wang, Y. -F. Hu, G. -H. Chinese Acad Sci Inst Elect Beijing 100080 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Grad Sch Beijing 100039 Peoples R China

The algorithms for multi-polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) intensity image compression are investigated. First, the multi-polarimetric SAR intensity images (HH, HV and VV) are considered as a 3D-matrix unit, and then a 3D-matrix transform is adopted to remove the redundancies, which includes 1D discrete cosine transform (DCT) in the polarimetric channels and 2D discrete wavelet transform (DWT) in each polarimetric SAR image plane. After the 3D-matrix transform, two methods are proposed to encode the 3D mixed coefficients. One is a bit allocation encoding based on differential entropy and the other is a 3D set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) encoding which is an improvement of the conventional SPIHT. The two methods can remove not only the redundancies of the image inside but also the redundancies among the polarimetric channels, because they do not process every channel image separately. Both the theory and experimental results show that the proposed methods are efficient.

关键词： SPIHT encoding polarimetric channels discrete cosine transforms 3D-matrix transform Radar equipment, systems and applications 3D set partitioning in hierarchical trees tree codes data compression 2D discrete wavelet transform image and video coding image coding Integral transforms DCT Algebra discrete wavelet transforms radar polarimetry matrix algebra images compression synthetic aperture radar multipolarimetric SAR intensity images DWT radar imaging discrete cosine transform 3D mixed coefficients differential entropy

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Reconfigurable system-on-a-chip motion estimation architecture for multi-standard video coding

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IET COMPUTERS AND DIGITAL TECHNIQUES 2010年第5期4卷 349-364页

作者： Lu, L. McCanny, J. V. Sezer, S. Queens Univ Belfast Inst Elect Commun & Informat Technol ECIT Sch Elect Elect Engn & Comp Sci Belfast BT3 9DT Antrim North Ireland

A new domain-specific, reconfigurable system-on-a-chip (SoC) architecture is proposed for video motion estimation. This has been designed to cover most of the common block-based video coding standards, including MPEG-2, MPEG-4, H.264, WMV-9 and AVS. The architecture exhibits simple control, high throughput and relatively low hardware cost when compared with existing circuits. It can also easily handle flexible search ranges without any increase in silicon area and can be configured prior to the start of the motion estimation process for a specific standard. The computational rates achieved make the circuit suitable for high-end video processing applications, such as HDTV. Silicon design studies indicate that circuits based on this approach incur only a relatively small penalty in terms of power dissipation and silicon area when compared with implementations for specific standards. Indeed, the cost/performance achieved exceeds that of existing but specific solutions and greatly exceeds that of general purpose field programmable gate array (FPGA) designs.

关键词： video coding computational rates power dissipation video signal processing monolithic integrated circuits reconfigurable architectures code standards Microprocessor chips image and video coding silicon design system-on-chip motion estimation Microprocessors and microcomputers Semiconductor integrated circuit design, layout, modelling and testing reconfigurable system-on-a-chip motion estimation architecture high-end video processing applications block-based video coding standards integrated circuit design multistandard video coding Computer architecture silicon area flexible search ranges block codes

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Fast depth intra coding based on texture feature and spatio-temporal correlation in 3D-HEVC

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IET image PROCESSING 2021年第1期15卷 206-217页

作者： Li, Tiansong Yu, Li Wang, Hongkui Chen, Yamei Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Elect Informat & Commun Wuhan Peoples R China

To alleviate the computation burden of the depth intra coding in 3D-HEVC, a complexity reduction scheme based on texture feature and spatio-temporal correlation is proposed. Firstly, a maximum splitting depth layer decision algorithm is proposed to reduce unnecessary splitting depth layer of the coding tree unit utilising the information of the previous encoded I frame in the same view. Secondly, a new texture complexity model is built by pixel-based statistical method combined with edge detection. Based on the proposed model, the coding unit block is divided into the smooth block, texture or edge block. On the coding unit level, an early termination of coding unit splitting algorithm for smooth blocks is proposed to filter out unnecessary coding blocks. Thirdly, on the predicting unit level, a fast candidate mode decision algorithm considering predicting unit's types and spatial correlation is proposed to decide the candidate mode list directly. Experimental results describe that the proposed algorithm reduces 53.8% depth intra coding time on average, with 0.43% BD-rate loss on synthesised views.

关键词： image and video coding image recognition Computer vision and image processing techniques video signal processing Other topics in statistics Other topics in statistics

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image compression using wavelets and JPEG2000: a tutorial

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ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2002年第3期14卷 112-121页

作者： Lawson, S Zhu, J Univ Warwick Sch Engn Coventry CV4 7AL W Midlands England

The demand for higher and higher quality images transmitted quickly over the Internet has led to a strong need to develop better algorithms for the filtering and coding of such images. The introduction of the JPEG2000 compression standard has meant that for the first time the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is to be used for the decomposition and reconstruction of images together with an efficient coding scheme. The use of wavelets implies the use of subband coding in which the image is iteratively decomposed into high- and low-frequency bands. Thus there is a need for filter pairs at both the analysis and synthesis stages. This paper aims in tutorial form to introduce the DWT, to illustrate its link with filters and filterbanks and to illustrate how it may be used as part of an image coding algorithm. It concludes with a look at the qualitative differences between images coded using JPEG2000 and those coded using the existing JPEG standard.

关键词： Integral transforms in numerical analysis tutorial image decomposition filtering subband coding high-frequency bands discrete wavelet transform filtering theory data compression Internet JPEG2000 FIR filters image coding low-frequency bands Computer vision and image processing techniques image compression filterbanks image reconstruction channel bank filters transform coding discrete wavelet transforms image and video coding Filtering methods in signal processing DWT

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IET image PROCESSING 2021年第12期15卷 2770-2786页

作者： Aouissaoui, Ichraf Bakir, Toufik Sakly, Anis Univ Monastir Natl Engn Sch Lab Automat & Elect Syst & Environm Monastir Tunisia Univ Burgundy Lab Imaging & Artificial Vis 9 Ave Alain Savary BP Dijon France

Medical images include confidential and sensitive information about patients. Hence, ensuring the security of these images is a crucial requirement. This paper proposes an efficient and secure medical image encryption-decryption scheme based on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), one-dimensional chaotic maps (tent and logistic maps), and hash functions (SHA-256 and MD5). The first part of the proposed scheme is the key generation based on the hash functions of the image and its metadata. The key then is highly related and intensely sensitive to the original image. The second part is the rotation and permutation of the first two MSB bit-plans of the medical image to reduce its black background that produces redundant DNA encoded sequences. The third part is the DNA encoding-decoding using dynamically chosen DNA rules for every 2-bit pixel value through the logistic map. Meanwhile, the confusion-diffusion is performed using the tent map and XOR operation. Simulation results and security analysis prove the good encryption effects of the proposed scheme compared to the state-of-art methods with a correlation of 6.66617e-7 and a very large key space of 2(624). Furthermore, the proposed system has a strong ability to resist various common attacks such as chosen/known-plaintext attacks and cropping/noise attacks.

关键词： Medical and biomedical uses of fields, radiations, and radioactivity health physics Cryptography image and video coding Biomedical measurement and imaging Computer vision and image processing techniques Data security Patient diagnostic methods and instrumentation Biology and medical computing

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Prediction and adaptive scanning in block-set wavelet image coder

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-VISION image AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 2006年第2期153卷 230-236页

作者： Yin, X. -W. Fleury, M. Downton, A. C. Univ Essex Dept Elect Syst Engn Colchester CO4 3SQ Essex England

Conditional probability to predict sub-block significance improves the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) performance of a block-set wavelet image coder. Adaptive scanning of sub-blocks results in a further gain in PSNR performance. Together, the related algorithmic changes introduced by the authors result in competitive PSNR performance without the need for an arithmetic coding stage. As a consequence, timing tests reveal that the critical decoder computational complexity is reduced.

关键词： arithmetic codes Computational complexity computational complexity block-set wavelet image coder wavelet transforms adaptive scanning subblocks Integral transforms transform coding Computer vision and image processing techniques PSNR arithmetic coding peak signal-to-noise ratio image coding image and video coding

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Edge adaptive upsampling of depth map videos for enhanced free-viewpoint video quality

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ELECTRONICS LETTERS 2009年第7期45卷 353-U19页

作者： Ekmekcioglu, E. Mrak, M. Worrall, S. T. Kondoz, A. M. Univ Surrey Ctr Commun Syst Res Guildford GU2 7XH Surrey England

Quality enhancement of free-viewpoint videos is addressed for 3D video systems that use the colour texture video plus depth map representation format. More specifically, a novel and efficient shape adaptive filter is presented for upsampling depth map videos that are of lower resolution than their colour texture counterparts. Either measurement or estimation of depth map videos can take place at lower resolution. At the same time, depth map reconstruction takes place at low resolution if reduced resolution compression techniques are utilised. The proposed design is based on the observation that significant transitions in depth intensity across depth map frames influence the overall quality of generated free-viewpoint videos. Hence, sharpness and accuracy in the free-viewpoint videos rendered using 3D geometry via depth maps, especially across object borders, are targeted. Accordingly, significant enhancement of rendered free-viewpoint video quality is obtained when the proposed method is applied on top of MPEG spatial scalability filters.

关键词： image colour analysis free-viewpoint video quality colour texture video quality enhancement image representation Graphics techniques shape adaptive filter depth map frames depth map representation format image texture 3D video system 3D geometry MPEG spatial scalability filter edge adaptive upsampling rendering (computer graphics) Computer vision and image processing techniques depth map video image and video coding resolution compression video signal processing depth map reconstruction video coding depth intensity

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Fast fractal image compression using the Hadamard transform

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-VISION image AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 2000年第6期147卷 571-574页

作者： Jeng, JH Truong, TK Sheu, JR I Shou Univ Dept Informat Engn Kaohsiung 84008 Taiwan

A new algorithm for fractal image compression is developed to speed up the encoder. This new method converts image blocks into frequency-like domains using the Hadamard transform, in which the computations of the best matched are performed. At each search entry, the best mean square error computations of the eight dihedral symmetries are reformulated into the form of inner products. By a precise derivation, all redundant computations are completely avoided. With this improved technique, the complexity of the encoder is substantially reduced. A simulation shows that, with the same PSNR and compression ratio, the new method requires less computation time than the baseline method.

关键词： fast algorithm mean square error methods fractals Hadamard transform computational complexity data compression transform coding Computer vision and image processing techniques image coding mean square error computations frequency-like domains Hadamard transforms Integral transforms in numerical analysis complexity reduction PSNR inner products eight dihedral symmetries image and video coding image blocks Integral transforms fractal image compression

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