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RC-SIMD: Reconfigurable communication SIMD architecture for image processing applications

Journal of Embedded Computing 2006年第2期2卷 167-179页

作者： Fatemi, Hamed Mesman, Bart Corporaal, Henk Basten, Twan Kleihorst, Richard Eindhoven University of Technology PO Box 513 NL-5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands Philips Research Laboratories Prof. Holstlaan 4 NL-5656 AA Eindhoven The Netherlands. Tel.: +31 40 2474741Fax: +31 40 2433066

During the last two decades, Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) processors have become important architectures in embedded systems for image processing applications. The main reasons are their area and energy efficiency. Often the processing elements (PEs) of an SIMD processor are only locally connected. This may result in a communication bottleneck (only access to direct neighbors). One way to solve this is to use a fully connected communication network (FC-SIMD) between PEs. However, this solution leads to an excessive communication area cost, low communication network utilization, and scalability problems. E.g., the area overhead of an FC-SIMD is more than 100% when the number of PEs gets bigger than *** this paper, we introduce a new type of SIMD architecture, called RC-SIMD, with a reconfigurable communication network. It uses a delay-line in the instruction bus, causing the accesses to the communication network to be distributed over time. This architecture requires only a very cheap communication network while performing almost the same as expensive FC-SIMD ***, the new architecture causes irregular resource conflicts. We therefore introduce a conflict model that existing schedulers are able to cope with. Experimental results show that, on average (compared to locally connected SIMDs), RC-SIMD require 21% fewer cycles than architecture without the delay-line, while the area overhead is at most 10%.

关键词： Reconfigurable architectures SIMD processors Scheduling image processing algorithms Parallel architectures Low cost architectures

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ITERATIVE image-processing USING A CAVITY WITH A PHASE-CONJUGATE MIRROR

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APPLIED OPTICS 1992年第11期31卷 1745-1753页

作者： LO, KP INDEBETOUW, G The authors are with the Department of Physics Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia 24061.

We describe an optical image processing system with regenerative feedback that utilizes a cavity with a phase-conjugate mirror. The system's characteristics and limitations are discussed, and its application to the implementation of iterative recovery algorithms (e.g., Gerchberg algorithm) is considered and demonstrated experimentally.

关键词： image processing image processing algorithms image sharpening Optical feedback Signal recovery Wavefronts

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Optical measurement of high-temperature melt flow rate

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APPLIED OPTICS 2018年第15期57卷 4202-4210页

作者： Bizjan, Benjamin Sirok, Brane Chen, Jinpeng Univ Ljubljana Fac Mech Engn Askeroeva 6 Ljubljana 1000 Slovenia Abelium Doo Res & Dev Kajuhova 90 Ljubljana 1119 Slovenia Guangdong Univ Petrochem Technol 139 Guandu Erlu Maoming 525000 Guangdong Peoples R China

This paper presents an optical method and system for contactless measurement of the mass flow rate of melts by digital cameras. The proposed method is based on reconstruction of melt stream geometry and flow velocity calculation by cross correlation, and is very cost-effective due its modest hardware requirements. Using a laboratory test rig with a small inductive melting pot and reference mass flow rate measurement by weighing, the proposed method was demonstrated to have an excellent dynamic response (0.1 s order of magnitude) while producing deviations from the reference of about 5% in the steady-state flow regime. Similar results were obtained in an industrial stone wool production line for two repeated measurements. Our method was tested in a wide range of melt flow rates (0.05-1.2 kg/s) and did not require very fast cameras (120 frames per second would be sufficient for most industrial applications). (C) 2018 Optical Society of America

关键词： Edge detection image processing algorithms image resolution Laser beams Laser velocimetry Optical measurement

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Virtual speckle-based X-ray phase-contrast and dark-field imaging with digital phantoms

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OPTICS EXPRESS 2021年第25期29卷 41703-41718页

作者： Saghamanesh, Somayeh Zboray, Robert Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol Empa Dept Mat Meet Life Ctr Xray Analyt CH-8600 Dubendorf Switzerland

We demonstrate two versatile, flexible, and accurate frameworks based on numerical and Monte Carlo approaches to simulate the X-ray speckle-based (SBI) technique for lab-based systems. The established tools can reproduce experimental setups in a cone-beam geometry and with polychromatic sources. Furthermore, they are computationally efficient to enable a fast virtual multi-modal tomography of digitized inhomogeneous phantoms. The proposed methods were evaluated and validated by analytical and experimental data for various samples. The Monte Carlo approach provides a realistic and accurate simulation, which is useful in diffuser design and dosimetry studies, while the numerical method is very efficient for parametric and tomographic studies. These approaches will be used for the optimization of lab-based X-ray SBI setups and generating sample images for enhancing phase retrieval algorithms. Published by Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

关键词： Digital imaging image processing algorithms Imaging systems Phase retrieval Wave propagation X ray imaging

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Spatial images from temporal data

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OPTICA 2020年第8期7卷 900-905页

作者： Turpin, Alex Musarra, Gabriella Kapitany, Valentin Tonolini, Francesco Lyons, Ashley Starshynov, Ilya Villa, Federica Conca, Enrico Fioranelli, Francesco Murray-Smith, Roderick Faccio, Daniele Univ Glasgow Sch Comp Sci Glasgow G12 8QQ Lanark Scotland Univ Glasgow Sch Phys & Astron Glasgow G12 8QQ Lanark Scotland Politecn Milan Dipartimento Elettron Informaz & Bioingn I-20133 Milan Italy Delft Univ Technol Dept Microelect NL-2628 CD Delft Netherlands

Traditional paradigms for imaging rely on the use of a spatial structure, either in the detector (pixels arrays) or in the illumination (patterned light). Removal of the spatial structure in the detector or illumination, i.e., imaging with just a single-point sensor, would require solving a very strongly ill-posed inverse retrieval problem that to date has not been solved. Here, we demonstrate a data-driven approach in which full 3D information is obtained with just a single-point, single-photon avalanche diode that records the arrival time of photons reflected from a scene that is illuminated with short pulses of light. Imaging with single-point time-of-flight (temporal) data opens new routes in terms of speed, size, and functionality. As an example, we show how the training based on an optical time-of-flight camera enables a compact radio-frequency impulse radio detection and ranging transceiver to provide 3D images. Published by The Optical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

关键词： Detector arrays image processing image processing algorithms Imaging techniques Phase recovery Three dimensional imaging

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Breaking diffraction limit of far-field imaging via structured illumination Bessel beam microscope (SIBM)

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OPTICS EXPRESS 2019年第5期27卷 6068-6082页

作者： Perinchery, Sandeep Menon Haridas, Aswin Shinde, Anant Buchnev, Oleksandr Murukeshan, Vadakke Matham Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore Ctr Opt & Laser Engn 50 Nanyang Ave Singapore 639798 Singapore Univ Southampton Optoelect Res Ctr Bldg 53 Univ Rd Southampton SO17 1BJ Hants England

Breaking the diffraction limit in imaging microscopes with far-field imaging options has always been the thrust challenge for optical engineers and biologists over the years. Although structured illumination microscopy and Bessel beam assisted imaging has shown the capability of imaging with sub-diffraction resolutions, they rely on the use of objective lenses with large numerical apertures (NA). Hence, they fail to sustain resolutions at larger working distances. In this context, we demonstrate a method for nanoscale resolution imaging at longer working distances, named as Structured Illumination Bessel Microscopy (SIBM). The proposed method is envisaged for both biological and engineering applications that necessitate high imaging resolutions at large working distances. (C) 2019 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

关键词： Fluorescence microscopy image processing image processing algorithms Imaging techniques Liquid crystal modulators Optical imaging

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BM3D-based denoising method for color polarization filter array

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OPTICS EXPRESS 2022年第12期30卷 22107-22122页

作者： Liang, Jian-An Guo, Ya-fei Liu, Bin Shanxi Univ Sch Phys & Elect Engn Taiyuan 030006 Peoples R China

Color split-focal plane polarization imaging systems are composed of image sensors with a color polarization filter array (CPFA). The noise generated during image acquisition leads to incorrect estimation of the color polarization information. Therefore, it is necessary to denoise CPFA image data. In this study, we propose a CPFA block-matching and 3D filtering (CPFA-BM3D) algorithm for CPFA image data. The algorithm makes full use of the correlation between different polarization channels and different color channels, restricts the grouping of similar 2D image blocks to form 3D blocks, and attenuates Gaussian noise in the transform domain. We evaluate the denoising performance of the proposed algorithm using simulated and real CPFA images. Experimental results show that the proposed method significantly suppresses noise while preserving the image details and polarization information. Its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM) indicators are superior to those of the other existing methods. The mean values of the PSNR and SSIM of the degree of linear polarization (DoLP) color images calculated through CPFA image interpolation can be increased to 200% and 400%, respectively, by denoising with the proposed method. (C) 2022 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement

关键词： image processing algorithms image quality Imaging systems Inverse problems Medical imaging Polarimetric imaging

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How to make a #theDress

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JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS image SCIENCE AND VISION 2020年第4期37卷 A202-A211页

作者： Witzel, Christoph Toscani, Matteo Univ Southampton Dept Psychol Southampton SO17 1BJ Hants England Justus Liebig Univ Giessen Expt Psychol Otto Behaghel Str 10F D-35392 Giessen Germany

If we completely understand how a phenomenon works, we should be able to produce it ourselves. However, the individual differences in color appearance observed with #theDress seem to be a peculiarity of that photo, and it remains unclear how the proposed mechanisms underlying #theDress can be generalized to other images. Here, we developed a simple algorithm that transforms any image with bicolored objects into an image with the properties of #theDress. We measured the colors perceived in such images and compared them to those perceived in #theDress. Color adjustments confirmed that observers strongly differ in how they perceive the colors of the new images in a similar way as for #theDress. Most importantly, these differences were not unsystematic, but correlated with how observers perceive #theDress. These results imply that the color distribution is sufficient to produce the striking individual differences in color perception originally observed with #theDress-at least as long as the image appears realistic and hence compels the viewer to make assumptions about illuminations and surfaces. The algorithm can be used for stimulus production beyond this study. (C) 2020 Optical Society of America

关键词： Blackbodies Color spaces image processing image processing algorithms Material properties Spatial resolution

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Extended depth-of-field imaging employing integrated binary phase pupil mask and principal component analysis image fusion

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OPTICS EXPRESS 2020年第16期28卷 23862-23873页

作者： Milgrom, Benjamin Avrahamy, Roy David, Tal Caspi, Avi Golovachev, Yosef Engelberg, Shlomo Jerusalem Coll Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn POB 16031 IL-91160 Jerusalem Israel Ben Gurion Univ Negev Sch Elect & Comp Engn POB 653 IL-84105 Beer Sheva Israel Ben Gurion Univ Negev Dept Phys POB 653 IL-84105 Beer Sheva Israel

The imaging depth of field (DOF) of white-light illuminated objects is extended by carefully integrating two image-processing techniques, one optical and one digital. The optical technique makes use of a tailored phase mask positioned at the pupil of the imaging system to cause different color channels to have different focal lengths;accordingly, the phase-mask equipped imaging system acquires a high resolution and reasonably focused image in at least one of the three, red, green, blue (RGB), color channels at any location within the specified DOE The digital processing comprises fusing the separate RGB images with an original technique that implements principal component analysis to deliver the overall sharpest grayscale composite image throughout the DOF region. The obtained experimental results agree well with the theoretical predictions and demonstrate the capability of the integrated technique to extend the DOF. (C) 2020 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

关键词： Extended depth of field image fusion image processing algorithms Imaging systems Wavefront encoding White light

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Extracting phase distortion from laser glints on a remote target using phase space plenoptic mapping

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JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS 2019年第7期36卷 1964-1971页

作者： Wu, Chensheng Paulson, Daniel A. Rzasa, John R. Davis, Christopher C. Univ Maryland Elect & Comp Engn Dept College Pk MD 20742 USA Univ Maryland Bioengn Dept College Pk MD 20742 USA Univ Maryland Robert E Fischell Inst Biomed Devices College Pk MD 20742 USA

Directed energy systems rely on the phase conjugation concept to focus laser beams remotely through turbulent environments. In application, a major problem exists where the beacon signal may be neither well defined upon generation nor free from speckle patterns in its vicinity. Such phenomena make it challenging to extract accurate phase information from the scene of a laser beacon and to direct a phase conjugated beam toward the target. In this work, we propose and demonstrate the use of a plenoptic sensor system that images the 4D phase space of multiple glints on a target. A phase retrieval algorithm is designed and applied to reveal the phase distortion from irregular glint patterns. The reconstruction results are verified through comparison with the phase retrieval from a well-defined beacon that alternates its on/off illumination in adjacent frames. As a result, we show that the multi-glint interference problem can be solved using the plenoptic sensor system, which further broadens the application scenarios for directed energy systems. (C) 2019 Optical Society of America

关键词： image processing image processing algorithms Phase conjugate lasers Phase retrieval Systems design Wave front sensing

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