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image processing-Based method of Evaluation of Stress from Grain Structures of Through Silicon Via (TSV)

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF image AND GRAPHICS 2025年第2期25卷

作者： Sharma, Mamvinder Saripalli, Sudhakara Reddy Gupta, Anuj Kumar Palta, Pankaj Pandey, Digvijay Malla Reddy Engn Coll & Management Sci Dept ECE Hyderabad India Malla Reddy Engn Coll & Management Sci Dept ME Hyderabad India Chandigarh Grp Coll Dept CSE Mohali Punjab India Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Tech Univ Dept Tech Educ UP IET Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India

Visualization of material composition across numerous grains and complicated networks of grain boundaries using image processing techniques can reveal fresh insights into the material's structural evolution and upcoming functional capabilities for a variety of applications. Three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D IC) are the most practical technology for increasing transistor density in future semiconductor applications. One of the key benefits of 3D IC is heterogeneous integration, which results in shorter interconnections due to vertical stacking. However, one of the most significant challenges in building higher-density microelectronics devices is the stress generated by material mismatches in the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). The purpose of this study is to analyze grain boundary migration caused by variations in strain energy density using image processing methods for 3D grain continuum modeling. Temperature changes in polycrystalline structures generate stresses and strain energy densities, which may be calculated using FEM software. Single crystal Cu's anisotropic elastic properties are twisted to suit grain orientation in space and each grain is treated as a single crystal. Grain boundary speeds are calculated using a simple model that relates grain boundary mobility to variations in strain energy density on both sides of grain boundaries. Using the grain continuum model, researchers will be able to investigate the effect of thermally generated stresses on grain boundary motion caused by atomic flux driven by strain energy. Using finite-element modeling of the grain structure in a Through Silicon Via, the stress effect on grain boundaries caused by grain rotation due to CTE mismatch was investigated (TSV). The structure must be modeled using a scanning electron microscopes Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) image (SEM). Grain growth and subsequent grain boundary rotation can be performed using the appropriate extrapolation method to measure

关键词： image processing method visualization 3DIC grain boundary TSV

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image processing method for Speed Perception with Side View Camera

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SAE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PASSENGER CARS-MECHANICAL SYSTEMS 2011年第1期4卷 572-577页

作者： Nishiguchi, Haruhiko Oshida, Kei Honda Res & Dev Co Ltd Haga Tochigi Japan

This paper presents a verification of the effectiveness of an image processing method, used to reduce the inconsistent speed perception caused by using the camera images in conjunction with side-view mirrors. Vision assistance technology using cameras is widely used in practical applications today. However, speed and distance perceived with camera images may differ from those viewed directly or viewed with conventional side-view mirrors. That is particularly evident in wide-angle camera images, and can easily cause a sense of discomfort experienced by the driver. A Side View Camera (SVC) shows images rearward and to the side that include the blind spots of side-view mirrors on an onboard display. It is a system to compensate side-view mirrors, broadening the driver's field of view to eliminate bind spots. SVC is used in conjunction with the side-view mirrors. In order to reduce sense of discomfort experienced by the driver, it is important to reduce the inconsistent speed perception caused by using the side-view mirrors and SVC. During 2010 SAE World Congress, we proposed an image processing method that can be used to reduce this inconsistent speed perception. In this paper, subject tests were conducted to compare the speed perception on side-view mirrors, original camera images and processed camera images. As a result, it is observed that by using the proposed image processing method, the inconsistent speed perception can be reduced.

关键词： Inconsistent View cameras Mirrors Static VAr compensators senses Perception image processing method Cameras Drivers

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An image processing method to measure droplet impact and evaporation on a solid surface

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SADHANA-ACADEMY PROCEEDINGS IN ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2020年第1期45卷 1-10页

作者： Dash, Amitosh Bange, Prathamesh G. Patil, Nagesh D. Bhardwaj, Rajneesh Indian Inst Technol Dept Mech Engn Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra India Indian Inst Technol Bhilai Dept Mech Engn Raipur 492015 Madhya Pradesh India

We employ high-speed visualization to quantify the impact and evaporation of a droplet on a solid surface. The time-varying droplet shapes are recorded using a high-speed camera and an image processing method is developed for measurement for droplet dimensions, dynamic contact angle, and volume. The method is based on the liquid-gas and liquid-solid interface detection using Canny's method and Otsu's method for threshold digitalization. To obtain the dynamic contact angle, a higher-order polynomial is fitted along the pixels near the contact line. The droplet volume is measured assuming an axisymmetric geometry of the droplet and numerically integrating the identified pixels in the droplet. We demonstrate the detection of the complex topology of the deforming liquid-gas interface of an impacting and evaporating droplet on a solid surface. We plot the time-variation of droplet dimensions, namely, wetted diameter, maximum diameter, height;dynamic contact angle, and droplet volume. The contact angle and volume measurements are verified with known analytical values. Three case studies are considered to demonstrate the capability of the proposed method, namely, sessile evaporating droplet, bouncing droplet, and spreading viscous droplet on a solid surface.

关键词： Droplet impact droplet evaporation image processing method contact angle

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Automatic feature extraction from jet engine modulation signals based on an image processing method

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IET RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION 2015年第7期9卷 783-789页

作者： Yang Woo Yong Park Ji Hoon Bae Jun Woo Kang Sung Cheol Myung Noh Hoon Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol Dept Elect Engn Daejeon 305701 South Korea Samsung Thales Songnam 463400 South Korea

This study presents an automatic method for extracting the jet engine features from the joint time-frequency (JTF) representation of jet engine modulation (JEM) signals. First, empirical mode decomposition with adaptive low-pass filtering was employed to extract the first harmonic component of the JEM signal. Then, a smoothed pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution (SPWVD) technique was used for acquiring the refined JTF representation. After converting the SPWVD result into an image with RGB colours, the green component was extracted as a representative of the JEM component. Finally, the peaks detected from the extracted green component can represent the jet engine features. The approach proposed in this study is significant because the overall procedures for extracting the jet engine features are not manual but automatically performed based on the image processing method. Application to measured JEM signals demonstrated that the automatic feature presented in this study improved the accuracy of JEM analysis and is expected to be efficient for real-time radar non-cooperative target recognition.

关键词： image processing feature extraction jet engines low-pass filters Wigner distribution radar target recognition automatic feature extraction jet engine modulation signals image processing method joint time frequency representation empirical mode decomposition adaptive low pass filtering harmonic component smoothed pseudo Wigner Ville distribution technique real time radar noncooperative target recognition

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Non-invasive image processing method to map the spatiotemporal evolution of solute concentration in two-dimensional porous media

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2018年第4期30卷 758-761页

作者：钱家忠王泽坤 R.M.Garrard Yong Zhang 马雷 School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Hefei University of Technology The 3rd Engineering Co. LTD of China Railway 16thBureau Group Department of Geological Sciences University of Alabama State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Hohai University

A color visualization-based image processing method is developed in this paper to quantify the concentration evolution of the Brilliant Blue FCF transport through a two-dimensional homogeneous porous medium. A series of images are recorded at known time intervals, then the spatial distribution is estimated using a calibration curve, linking the gray pixel value to the solute concentration. Using a multi-dimensional concentration distribution map extraction technique the longitudinal and transverse concentration distributions could be observed with the physical model. The image-processed concentrations are then compared directly with the measured concentrations sampled at the outlet end. The tracer breakthrough curves sampled at multiple points along the central line of the medium are also compared with the solutions from the standard advection–dispersion equation model. It is shown that the non-invasive image processing method may be used to map the spatiotemporal evolution of a solute＇s concentration without disturbing the flow or the transport dynamics, although the measured solute breakthrough curves feature some non-Fickian dynamics that cannot be efficiently captured by the standard transport model.

关键词： Solute transport color tracer porous media image processing method

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image processing method for observing ice lenses produced by the frost heave process

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COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020年 171卷 102977-102977页

作者： Zheng, Hao Sasaki, Yuutarou Kanie, Shunji Hokkaido Univ Fac Engn Sapporo Hokkaido Japan Hokkaido Univ Undergrad Sch Engn Sapporo Hokkaido Japan

During the freezing process of soil, the pore water is segregated into ice lenses with the help of continuous water migration to the freezing front. The in situ and migrated water cause significant frost heave and stress in all directions, which can threaten surrounding structures. Pore ice and segregated ice lenses directly cause changes in the frozen soil properties, such as enhanced strength and water tightness. Although some researchers have developed proper procedures to observe and quantify the formation of ice lenses in soils, the authors are going to indicate a quantitative relationship between the forming of ice lenses with the absorbed water. Therefore, a direct observation method is proposed in this study which can measure ice lenses quantitatively and in real-time, to establish a relationship between ice lenses and absorbed water. image processing software was applied to analyze pictures of ice lenses that were taken during a frost heave test. Based on the ice lens distribution, the forming pattern of ice lens was confirmed at the macro level. A relationship between the area of ice lenses and the absorbed water was identified, which is expected to be applied for the nondestructive detection of the water content and distribution in freezing soil for real engineering.

关键词： Ice lenses image processing method Absorbed water Frost heave

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Research of image processing method on Alage Conolized on the Insulator Surface 35

Research of Image Processing Method on Alage Conolized on th...

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35th Electrical Insulation Conference (EIC)

作者： Ouyang, Xiaogang Jia, Zhidong Yang, Shifang Chen, Hao Wei, Cong Tsinghua Univ Grad Sch Shenzhen Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China Guangzhou Bur CSG EHV Transmiss Co Guangzhou 510405 Guangdong Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509039678

Algae have recently been colonized on insulator surfaces, especially on surfaces of composite and RTV-coated insulators installed in warm and humid regions. The adverse effect produced by algae on hydrophobicity, flashover characteristics, and the material performance of insulators has been previously demonstrated in the laboratory. However, previous studies have not explored the research method for measuring the degree of growth to determine the severity of the effect of algae on insulators. A new kind of image processing method based on color segmentation is presented to discriminate the distribution of algae on the insulator surface. Two main procedures are included in this method. First, the unambiguous insulator images are obtained using a digital camera presupposed with a white balance. Second, the green algae pixels are recognized and extracted from the insulator images through a specific MATLAB program, which is determined to be capable of discriminating the algae distribution and calculating the algae coverage rate and characteristic green value. The insulators acquired from the 500-kV DC transmission lines have been considered for this study. Results show that the growth degree of algae was more serious on RTV-coated insulators than on composite insulators.

关键词： composite insulators RTV-coated insulators image processing method algae coverage rate

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Investigation on the Bending Deformation of the Stainless Steel Fibers during Knitting Action by Using image processing method

Investigation on the Bending Deformation of the Stainless St...

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International Conference on Manufacturing Science and Materials Engineering (ICMSME 2011)

作者： Liu, Song Yang, Kun Tianjin Polytech Univ Sch Text Tianjin Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783037852897

In this article, the bending deformation of stainless steel fibers during knitting action was investigated. Two stainless steel fibers with different configurations were knitted into plain knitted fabrics on a flat knitting machine. During the knitting action, the formation of needle loops were recorded and analyzed by using the image processing approach. The curvature radius of the needle loop was examined and regressed with polynomial fitting. The experimental results indicate that stiffness is the main factor affecting the bending deformation. Yarn diameter and needle geometry are another two important factors influencing the bending deformation.

关键词： stainless steel fibers bending deformation image processing method curvature radius knitting action

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Salvage of diagnostic quality of image acquired by low-radiation-dose prospectively ECG-triggered coronary CTA during ventricular trigeminy: A case report of a novel image processing method

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HeartRhythm Case Reports 2016年第1期2卷 20-23页

作者： Vadvala, Harshna V. Sayegh, Karl Moy, Matthew Staziaki, Pedro Vinícius Ghoshhajra, Brian B. Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States

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An advanced image processing method to improve the spatial resolution of ion radiographies

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PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015年第21期60卷 8525-8547页

作者： Krah, N. Testa, M. Brons, S. Jaekel, O. Parodi, K. Voss, B. Rinaldi, I. Heidelberg Collaboratory Image Proc D-69115 Heidelberg Germany Massachusetts Gen Hosp Dept Radiat Oncol Boston MA 02114 USA Heidelberg Ion Therapy Ctr D-69120 Heidelberg Germany Univ Heidelberg Hosp Dept Radiat Therapy & Oncol D-69120 Heidelberg Germany German Canc Res Ctr D-69120 Heidelberg Germany Univ Munich D-85748 Garching Germany GSI Helmholtz Ctr Heavy Ion Res D-64291 Darmstadt Germany

We present an optimization method to improve the spatial resolution and the water equivalent thickness (WET) accuracy of ion radiographies. The method is designed for imaging systems measuring for each actively scanned beam spot the lateral position of the pencil beam and at the same time the Bragg curve (behind the target) in discrete steps without relying on tracker detectors to determine the ion trajectory before and after the irradiated volume. Specifically, the method was used for an imaging set-up consisting of a stack of 61 parallel-plate ionization chambers (PPIC) interleaved with absorber plates of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) working as a range telescope. The method uses not only the Bragg peak position, but approximates the entire measured Bragg curve as a superposition of differently shifted Bragg curves. Their relative weights allow to reconstruct the distribution of thickness around each scan spot of a heterogeneous phantom. The approach also allows merging the ion radiography with the geometric information of a co-registered x-ray radiography in order to increase its spatial resolution. The method was tested using Monte Carlo simulated and experimental proton radiographies of a PMMA step phantom and an anthropomorphic head phantom. For the step phantom, the effective spatial resolution was found to be 6 and 4 times higher than the nominal resolution for the simulated and experimental radiographies, respectively. For the head phantom, a gamma index was calculated to quantify the conformity of the simulated proton radiographies with a digitally reconstructed radiography (DRR) obtained from an x-ray CT and properly converted into WET. For a distance-to-agreement (DTA) of 2.5 mm and a relative WET difference (RWET) of 2.5%, the passing ratio was 100%/85% for the optimized/non-optimized case, respectively. When the optimized proton radiography was merged with the co-registered DRR, the passing ratio was 100% at DTA = 1.3 mm and RWET = 1.3%. A special int

关键词： ion beam therapy imaging ion radiography proton radiography image processing method spatial resolution

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