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Axonal geometry as a tool for modulating firing patterns

APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING 2016年第4期40卷 3175-3184页

作者： Ofer, Netanel Shefi, Orit Bar Ilan Univ Fac Engn IL-5290002 Ramat Gan Israel Bar Ilan Univ Bar Ilan Inst Nanotechnol & Adv Mat IL-5290002 Ramat Gan Israel

Neurons generate diverse patterns of activity for various functions. Revealing factors which determine neuronal firing patterns is fundamental to a better understanding of brain activity and coding. Traditionally, the space clamp model has been used to investigate neuronal electrical activity. In this paper, we study the Hodgkin-Huxley cable model, taking into consideration axonal geometry. We examine the influence of morphology on neuronal activity, exploring neuronal response to constant current stimuli injected into one end of fiber-like axons of different lengths and radii. We demonstrate novel patterns of firing, including a finite number of spikes and series followed by failures, and under some specific current stimulus regimes, we also detect irregular behaviors. Our results illustrate various means in which the pattern of activity may be regulated by axonal structure, suggesting this mechanism is instrumental in information coding of physiological, as well as deforming pathological conditions. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cable model Hodgkin-Huxley model information coding Neuronal activity Neuronal morphology Non-linear dynamics

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Cell Type-Specific Control of Spike Timing by Gamma-Band Oscillatory Inhibition

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CEREBRAL CORTEX 2016年第2期26卷 797-806页

作者： Hasenstaub, Andrea Otte, Stephani Callaway, Edward Salk Inst Biol Studies Crick Jacobs Ctr Theoret & Computat Biol 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd La Jolla CA 92037 USA

Many lines of theoretical and experimental investigation have suggested that gamma oscillations provide a temporal framework for cortical information processing, acting to either synchronize neuronal firing, restrict neuron's relative spike times, and/or provide a global reference signal to which neurons encode input strength. Each theory has been disputed and some believe that gamma is an epiphenomenon. We investigated the biophysical plausibility of these theories by performing in vitro whole-cell recordings from 6 cortical neuron subtypes and examining how gamma-band and slow fluctuations in injected input affect precision and phase of spike timing. We find that gamma is at least partially able to restrict the spike timing in all subtypes tested, but to varying degrees. Gamma exerts more precise control of spike timing in pyramidal neurons involved in cortico-cortical versus cortico-subcortical communication and in inhibitory neurons that target somatic versus dendritic compartments. We also find that relatively few subtypes are capable of phase-based information coding. Using simple neuron models and dynamic clamp, we determine which intrinsic differences lead to these variations in responsiveness and discuss both the flexibility and confounds of gamma-based spike-timing systems.

关键词： dynamic clamp information coding inhibition neurophysiology

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Linking dynamics of the inhibitory network to the input structure

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JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE 2016年第3期41卷 367-391页

作者： Komarov, Maxim Bazhenov, Maxim Univ Calif San Diego Dept Med La Jolla CA 92093 USA Univ Potsdam Dept Phys & Astron Karl Liebnecht Str 24 D-14476 Potsdam Germany Nizhnii Novgorod State Univ Dept Control Theory Gagarin Ave 23 Nizhnii Novgorod 606950 Russia

Networks of inhibitory interneurons are found in many distinct classes of biological systems. Inhibitory interneurons govern the dynamics of principal cells and are likely to be critically involved in the coding of information. In this theoretical study, we describe the dynamics of a generic inhibitory network in terms of low-dimensional, simplified rate models. We study the relationship between the structure of external input applied to the network and the patterns of activity arising in response to that stimulation. We found that even a minimal inhibitory network can generate a great diversity of spatio-temporal patterning including complex bursting regimes with non-trivial ratios of burst firing. Despite the complexity of these dynamics, the network's response patterns can be predicted from the rankings of the magnitudes of external inputs to the inhibitory neurons. This type of invariant dynamics is robust to noise and stable in densely connected networks with strong inhibitory coupling. Our study predicts that the response dynamics generated by an inhibitory network may provide critical insights about the temporal structure of the sensory input it receives.

关键词： Inhibitory neurons information coding Neural network Olfactory system Spike sequences Odor discrimination

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Front Cover: Internal Redox Polarity of an IndividualG. sulfurreducensBacterial Cell Attached to an Inorganic Substrate (ChemPhysChem 15/2018)

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ChemPhysChem 2018年第15期19卷 1797-1797页

作者： Dr. Nikolai Lebedev Dr. Matthew D. Yates Prof. Igor Griva Dr. Leonard M. Tender Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering US Naval Research Laboratory Washington DC 20375 USA Department of Mathematical Sciences and Center of Simulation and Modeling George Mason University Fairfax VA 22030 USA

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How many haptic signals can be distinguished by the driver? 36th

How many haptic signals can be distinguished by the driver?

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36th FISITA World Automotive Congress, 2016

作者： Kim, Sang Ho Kyu, Shin Jong Fernando, Sabando Jose Choi, Kyung Im Korea Republic of Korea Republic of

Driving is a cognitively demanding task which requires high level of driver’s attention. To ensure that the implementation of haptic signals in the IVIS and ADAS will enforce safety, one question that has to be addressed is then, how many different haptic signals can be distinguished by the driver within a reasonable time-bound? And then how can we encode them to ensure the enhanced discriminability and hence the faster choice reaction time? Statistical analysis and comparisons of discriminability performance will be realized in terms of response rate, response time and transmitted information will be done on a different number of haptic signals in a driving simulated environment. © 2016, FISITA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Channel capacity Choice reaction time Discriminability Haptic warnings information coding

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coding Properties of Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells with Dual-Peak Patterns with Respect to Stimulus Intervals

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FRONTIERS IN COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE 2016年第JULY期10卷 75页

作者： Yan, Ru-Jia Gong, Hai-Qing Zhang, Pu-Ming Liang, Pei-Ji Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Biomed Engn Shanghai Peoples R China

How visual information is encoded in spikes of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is essential in visual neuroscience. In the present study, we investigated the coding properties of mouse RGCs with dual-peak patterns with respect to visual stimulus intervals. We first analyzed the response properties, and observed that the latencies and spike counts of the two response peaks in the dual-peak pattern exhibited systematic changes with the preceding light-OFF interval. We then applied linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to assess the relative contributions of response characteristics of both peaks in information coding regarding the preceding stimulus interval. It was found that for each peak, the discrimination results were far better than chance level based on either latency or spike count, and were further improved by using the combination of the two parameters. Furthermore, the best discrimination results were obtained when latencies and spike counts of both peaks were considered in combination. In addition, the correct rate for stimulation discrimination was higher when RGC population activity was considered as compare to single neuron's activity, and the correct rate was increased with the group size. These results suggest that rate coding, temporal coding, and population coding are all involved in encoding the different stimulus-interval patterns, and the two response peaks in the dual-peak pattern carry complementary information about stimulus interval.

关键词： retinal ganglion cell dual-peak response response latency spike count linear discriminant analysis information coding stimulus interval

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A New Work Mechanism on Neuronal Activity

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEURAL SYSTEMS 2015年第3期25卷 1450037-1450037页

作者： Wang, Rubin Tsuda, Ichiro Zhang, Zhikang E China Univ Sci & Technol Sch Sci Inst Cognit Neurodynam Shanghai 200237 Peoples R China E China Univ Sci & Technol Sch Informat Sci & Engn Shanghai 200237 Peoples R China Hokkaido Univ Res Inst Elect Sci Kita Ku Sapporo Hokkaido 0010012 Japan

By re-examining the neuronal activity energy model, we show the inadequacies in the current understanding of the energy consumption associated with neuron activity. Specifically, we show computationally that a neuron first absorbs and then consumes energy during firing action potential, and this result cannot be produced from any current neuron models or biological neural networks. Based on this finding, we provide an explanation for the observation that when neurons are excited in the brain, blood flow increases significantly while the incremental oxygen consumption is very small. We can also explain why external stimulation and perception emergence are synchronized. We also show that negative energy presence in neurons at the sub-threshold state is an essential reason that leads to blood flow incremental response time in the brain rather than neural excitation to delay.

关键词： Action potential information coding neuronal energy coding negative neuronal energy neural energy field

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Learnable Visual Markers 16

Learnable Visual Markers

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Annual Conference on Neural information Processing Systems

作者： Oleg Grinchuk Vadim Lebedev Victor Lempitsky Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Moscow Russia Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Moscow RussiaYandex Moscow Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781510838819

We propose a new approach to designing visual markers (analogous to QR-codes, markers for augmented reality, and robotic fiducial tags) based on the advances in deep generative networks. In our approach, the markers are obtained as color images synthesized by a deep network from input bit strings, whereas another deep network is trained to recover the bit strings back from the photos of these markers. The two networks are trained simultaneously in a joint backpropagation process that takes characteristic photometric and geometric distortions associated with marker fabrication and marker scanning into account. Additionally, a stylization loss based on statistics of activations in a pretrained classification network can be inserted into the learning in order to shift the marker appearance towards some texture prototype. In the experiments, we demonstrate that the markers obtained using our approach are capable of retaining bit strings that are long enough to be practical. The ability to automatically adapt markers according to the usage scenario and the desired capacity as well as the ability to combine information encoding with artistic stylization are the unique properties of our approach. As a byproduct, our approach provides an insight on the structure of patterns that are most suitable for recognition by ConvNets and on their ability to distinguish composite patterns.

关键词： bit string Cosmic strings information coding geometric distortion Binary digits color image augmented reality Byproducts updated design Network

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Quantum Secure Direct Communication Achieved by Using Multi-Entanglement

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS 2015年第1期54卷 100-105页

作者： Li, Wenlin Chen, Junbo Wang, Xiaolong Li, Chong Dalian Univ Technol Sch Phys & Optoelect Engn Dalian 116024 Peoples R China

Aquantum secure direct communication (QSDC) scheme is proposed based on multi-body entangled system in this paper. The mathematical description of the QSDC scheme is given firstly and the process of direct communication is investigated. The communication scheme based on multi-body entangled system and the general method of information coding are further completed. Finally, a communication scheme using four-body systems is introduced as example.

关键词： QSDC Multi-body entangled system information coding Mathematical description

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Modeling the effect of locus coeruleus firing on cortical state dynamics and single-trial sensory processing

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2015年第41期112卷 12834-12839页

作者： Safaai, Houman Neves, Ricardo Eschenko, Oxana Logothetis, Nikos K. Panzeri, Stefano Ist Italiano Tecnol Neural Computat Lab I-38068 Rovereto Italy Max Planck Inst Biol Cybernet Dept Physiol Cognit Proc D-72076 Tubingen Germany Univ Manchester Div Imaging Sci & Biomed Engn Manchester M13 9PT Lancs England

Neuronal responses to sensory stimuli are not only driven by feedforward sensory pathways but also depend upon intrinsic factors (collectively known as the network state) that include ongoing spontaneous activity and neuromodulation. To understand how these factors together regulate cortical dynamics, we recorded simultaneously spontaneous and somatosensory-evoked multiunit activity from primary somatosensory cortex and from the locus coeruleus (LC) (the neuromodulatory nucleus releasing norepinephrine) in urethane-anesthetized rats. We found that bursts of ipsilateral-LC firing preceded by few tens of milliseconds increases of cortical excitability, and that the 1- to 10-Hz rhythmicity of LC discharge appeared to increase the power of delta-band (1-4 Hz) cortical synchronization. To investigate quantitatively how LC firing might causally influence spontaneous and stimulus-driven cortical dynamics, we then constructed and fitted to these data a model describing the dynamical interaction of stimulus drive, ongoing synchronized cortical activity, and noradrenergic neuromodulation. The model proposes a coupling between LC and cortex that can amplify delta-range cortical fluctuations, and shows how suitably timed phasic LC bursts can lead to enhanced cortical responses to weaker stimuli and increased temporal precision of cortical stimulus-evoked responses. Thus, the temporal structure of noradrenergic modulation may selectively and dynamically enhance or attenuate cortical responses to stimuli. Finally, using the model prediction of single-trial cortical stimulus-evoked responses to discount single-trial state-dependent variability increased by similar to 70% the sensory information extracted from cortical responses. This suggests that downstream circuits may extract information more effectively after estimating the state of the circuit transmitting the sensory message.

关键词： oscillations state dependence dynamical systems information coding somatosensation

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