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ClassIN: A Class inheritance Metric Tool

World Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (WorldCIST)

作者： Reddy, B. Ramachandra Ojha, Aparajita PDPM Indian Inst Informat Technol Design & Mfg Ja Jabalpur 482005 India

ISBN: (纸本)9783319059488;9783319059471

This paper presents a comprehensive class inheritance metrics tool called ClassIN. The tool works for Java projects and presents an analysis with twenty different inheritance metrics including metrics at class level as well as at class hierarchy level. This also helps in identifying class hierarchies that may be more complex from the point of view of software maintenance. Graphical visualization of three important metrics, namely AID, specialization ratio and reuse ratio are also provided for an insight on structure of class hierarchies of a given Java project. This would help developers in identifying classes that may be more prone to faults or high maintenance costs.

关键词： Class inheritance Hierarchies inheritance metrics Software Maintainability

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Impact of Multiple inheritance on Cohesion Complexity in Software Design

Impact of Multiple Inheritance on Cohesion Complexity in Sof...

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IEEE International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies (ICICT)

作者： Poornima, U. S. Suma, V Raja Reddy Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Bangalore Karnataka India Dayananda Sagar Inst Res & Ind Incubat Ctr Bangalore Karnataka India Dayananda Sagar Inst Dept Informat Sci & Engn Bangalore Karnataka India

ISBN: (纸本)9781509012855

Research in Software Engineering has its own stride in recent years. Quality measures during both pre and post software development process has become very essential to control development time and cost. In Object Oriented methodology, Cohesion measures the design complexity. Many cohesion metrics are proposed for both high level and low level design. Most of them are at class level to measure relatedness among attribute-attribute, attribute-method and method-method. Since reusability is widely accepted, many inheritance metrics are also proposed and proved using Weyuker9 property, which states complexity increases with interaction. This paper presents all inheritance metrics and also proposes impact of inheritance on Cohesion. This knowledge further enables one to design quality

关键词： Quality metrics inheritance metrics Cohesion W9 property

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Discrimination of Class inheritance Hierarchies - A Vector Approach

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World Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (WorldCIST)

作者： Reddy, B. Ramachandra Ojha, Aparajita PDPM Indian Inst Informat Technol Design & Mfg Ja Jabalpur 482005 India

ISBN: (纸本)9783319059488;9783319059471

Numerous inheritance metrics have been proposed and studied in the literature with a view to understand the effect of inheritance on software performance and maintainability. These metrics are meant to depict the inheritance structures of classes and related issues. However, in spite of a large number of inheritance metrics introduced by researchers, there is no standard set of metrics that could discriminate the class hierarchies to decipher or predict the change-proneness, defect-proneness of classes or issues that could effectively address maintainability, testability and reusability of class hierarchies. In fact, very different hierarchical structures lead to the same values of some standard inheritance metrics, resulting in lack of discrimination anomaly (LDA). In an effort to address this problem, three specific metrics have been studied from the point of view of providing an insight into inheritance patterns present in the software systems and their effect on maintainability. Empirical analysis shows that different class hierarchies can be distinguished using the trio - average depth of inheritance, specialization ratio and reuse ratio.

关键词： inheritance metrics Class Hierarchies Software Maintainability

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The confounding effect of class size on the validity of object-oriented metrics

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2001年第7期27卷 630-650页

作者： Emam, KE Benlarbi, S Goel, N Rai, SN Natl Res Council Canada Inst Informat Technol Ottawa ON K1A 0R6 Canada Cistel Technol Nepean ON K2E 7L5 Canada St Jude Childrens Res Hosp Dept Biostat & Epidemiol Memphis TN 38105 USA

Much effort has been devoted to the development and empirical validation of object-oriented metrics. The empirical validations performed thus far would suggest that a core set of validated metrics is close to being identified. However, none of these studies allow for the potentially confounding effect of class size. In this paper, we demonstrate a strong size confounding effect and question the results of previous object-oriented metrics validation studies. We first investigated whether there is a confounding effect of class size in validation studies of object-oriented metrics and show that, based on previous work, there is reason to believe that such an effect exists. We then describe a detailed empirical methodology for identifying those effects. Finally, we perform a study on a large C++ telecommunications framework to examine if size is really a confounder. This study considered the Chidamber and Kemerer metrics and a subset of the Lorenz and Kidd metrics. The dependent variable was the incidence of a fault attributable to a field failure (fault-proneness of a class). Our findings indicate that, before controlling for size, the results are very similar to previous studies: The metrics that are expected to be validated are indeed associated with fault-proneness. After controlling for size, none of the metrics we studied were associated with fault-proneness anymore. This demonstrates a strong size confounding effect and casts doubt on the results of previous object-oriented metrics validation studies. It is recommended that previous validation studies be reexamined to determine whether their conclusions would still hold after controlling for size and that future validation studies should always control for size.

关键词： object-oriented metrics software quality metrics validation validation methodology object-oriented quality coupling metrics inheritance metrics cohesion metrics

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Software Maintainability Estimation Made Easy - A Comprehensive Tool COIN 15

Software Maintainability Estimation Made Easy - A Comprehens...

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6th International Conference on Computer & Communication Technology (ICCCT-2015)

作者： Reddy, B. Ramachandra Khurana, Saahil Ojha, Aparajita PDPM Indian Inst Informta Technol Design & Mfg Jabalpur India Verizon Data Serv Pvt Ltd RMZ Millenia Business Pk Madras Tamil Nadu India

ISBN: (纸本)9781450335522

This paper presents a tool called COIN (COhesion, inheritance) for evaluating Cohesion, inheritance and Size metrics and Maintainability factors of class hierarchies in Java projects. The tool enables analyzing classes as well as class hierarchies on their modifiability and understandability aspects measured through different metrics. Class hierarchies that may be more complex from the point of view of software maintenance can be identified at early design phase through this tool. The COIN also evaluates testability factors of classes and class hierarchies in a project. Graphical visualization of maintainability factors with important involved design metrics, namely MaxDIT, AID and NOCC, and summery reports of individual class hierarchy with maintainability factors are facilitated in this tool. The tool supports a large number of cohesion, coupling, size, inheritance metrics and maintainability metrics as well, which to the best of our knowledge is not covered in any existing analysis tool.

关键词： inheritance metrics Cohesion metrics Coupling metrics Software Maintainability

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