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Olivocochlear projections contribute to superior intensity coding in cochlear nucleus small cells

JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON 2022年第1期600卷 61-73页

作者： Hockley, Adam Wu, Calvin Shore, Susan E. Kresge Hearing Res Inst Dept Otolaryngol Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Univ Michigan Dept Mol & Integrat Physiol Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Univ Michigan Dept Biomed Engn Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

Understanding communication signals, especially in noisy environments, is crucial to social interactions. Yet, as we age, acoustic signals can be disrupted by cochlear damage and the subsequent auditory nerve fibre degeneration. The most vulnerable medium- and high-threshold-auditory nerve fibres innervate various cell types in the cochlear nucleus, among which the small cells are unique in receiving this input exclusively. Furthermore, small cells project to medial olivocochlear (MOC) neurons, which in turn send branched collaterals back into the small cell cap. Here, we use single-unit recordings to characterise small cell firing characteristics and demonstrate superior intensity coding in this cell class. We show converse effects when activating/blocking the MOC system, demonstrating that small-cell unique coding properties are facilitated by direct cholinergic input from the MOC system. Small cells also maintain tone-level coding in the presence of background noise. Finally, small cells precisely code low-frequency modulation more accurately than other ventral cochlear nucleus cell types, demonstrating accurate envelope coding that may be important for vocalisation processing. These results highlight the small cell olivocochlear circuit as a key player in signal processing in noisy environments, which may be selectively degraded in ageing or after noise insult. Key points Cochlear nucleus small cells receive input from low/medium spontaneous rate auditory nerve fibres and medial olivocochlear neurons. Electrical stimulation of medial olivocochlear neurons in the ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body and blocking cholinergic input to small cells using atropine demonstrates an excitatory cholinergic input to small cells, which increases responses to suprathreshold sound. Unique inputs to small cells produce superior sound intensity coding. This coding of intensity is preserved in the presence of background noise, an effect exclusive to this cell type in the cochle

关键词： cochlear nucleus intensity coding olivocochlear small cell cap

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RLS-LCD: An Efficient Loop Closure Detection for Rotary-LiDAR Scans

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IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2024年第4期24卷 4807-4820页

作者： Zhang, Qiyuan Zheng, Shunyi Li, Rui Wang, Xiqi He, Yuan Wang, Xiaonan Wuhan Univ Sch Remote Sensing & Informat Engn Wuhan 430079 Hubei Peoples R China Univ Warwick Sch Engn Intelligent Control & Smart Energy ICSE Res Grp Coventry CV4 7A1 England Shanxi Datong Univ Sch Architecture & Surveying Engn Datong 037000 Shanxi Peoples R China Wuhan ZG Automat Technol Co Ltd Wuhan 430079 Hubei Peoples R China

Loop closure detection (LCD) is a crucial technology within the field of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), aiming to mitigate cumulative errors and maintain a globally consistent map. Traditional fixed-Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) scans have demonstrated reliable LCD performance when employing global descriptors. However, for rotary-LiDAR scans, these methods fall short in place recognition due to significant view-angle changes. To address this challenge, we propose a novel LCD algorithm tailored for rotary-LiDAR scans, named RLS-LCD. Our RLS-LCD approach utilizes submap-based recognition and a novel lightweight global descriptor to mitigate the impact of large view-angle changes inherent to rotary-LiDAR scans. Additionally, we adopt a coarse-to-fine (C2F) recognition strategy to enhance recall and precision of place recognition in similar structure scenes. The experimental findings unequivocally demonstrate that the RLS-LCD algorithm not only outperforms the contemporary LCD methodologies reliant on global descriptors but also exhibits the capability to execute in real time on computing platforms with limited computational resources.

关键词： Laser radar Liquid crystal displays Three-dimensional displays Simultaneous localization and mapping Point cloud compression Sensors Optimization Coarse-to-fine (C2F) recognition intensity coding light detection and ranging (LiDAR) simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) loop closure detection (LCD) rotary-LiDAR

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Emulation of auditory senses depending on chaotic dynamics of threshold switching memristor

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InfoMat 2023年第10期5卷 53-63页

作者： Junwei Yu Fei Zeng Qin Wan Ziao Lu Feng Pan Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials(MOE) School of Materials Science andEngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijingthe People's Republic of China2Center for Brain Inspired ComputingResearch(CBICR)Tsinghua UniversityBeijingthe People's Republic of China

Emulating the auditory sense is a significant challenge in terms of both integration and energy consumption for handling complicated spatiotemporal ***,we demonstrate how to utilize the chaotic dynamics of a threshold switching memristor,which usually acts as a leaky integrate and fire neuron in the neuromorphic network,to encode the frequency and amplitude in auditory *** fabricate a Pd/Nb/NbOx/Nb/Pd memristor domi-nated by the Poole-Frankel conduction mechanism,set its state at the edge of chaos,and stimulate it using periodic *** memristor's responses to the perturbation frequencies can be categorized into three *** are phase locking with linear phase-frequency rela tionships,and one has a hyper-bolic spike number-frequency *** memristor system also enables intensity coding and tonotopy by modulating the response spikes in either the locked phase or spike *** on the emulation of these two features,the memristor system demonstrates sound location and frequency *** study suggests a novel routine for handling the auditory and visual senses using threshold-switching memristor arrays to enhance the efficiency of neuromorphic networks.

关键词： auditory senses chaotic dynamics intensity coding phase locking sound location thresholdswitching memristor

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NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS 2022年第0期790卷 000-000页

作者： Zhang, Yi Fan Mameri, Samir Xie, Ting Sadoun, Amirouche Univ Toulouse 3 CNRS UMR 5549 Toulouse France Univ Paul Sabatier Univ Toulouse 3 Ctr Rech Cerveau & Cognit Toulouse France Univ Bordj Bou Arreridj El Anceur Algeria Univ Bejaia Lab Theoret Phys LPT Bejaia Algeria INSERM U1037 Ctr Rech Cancerol Toulouse CRCT F-31037 Toulouse France Univ Paul Sabatier III F-31400 Toulouse France CHU Purpan CNRS UMR 5549 Cerveau & Cognit Pavillon BaudotBP 25202 F-31052 Toulouse 03 France Theaterstr 26 Gottingen Germany

Neuroimaging studies have shown that brain activity is variable and changes according to stimuli and the environmental context, reflecting brain coding or information representations at different processing levels. However, little is known about activity organization that reflects coding strategies. Here, we explored and compared two different coding approaches, spatial via cross-correlation and intensity-based coding using mutual information. Using two fMRI datasets and different seeds, we searched for the spatial and intensity-based sim-ilarities with the seeds in brain activity. Our results showed that, apart from the seed regions, significant regions detected by intensity-based similarity analysis differ completely from those found using cross-correlation. These findings may indicate that information shared through spatial coding differs from that transmitted via non-spatial coding processes. Our results suggest that brain coding is organized in several different ways to opti-mize information processing.

关键词： Spatial cross-correlation intensity coding Mutual information Neuronal code Spatial coding

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Response properties of single neurons in higher level auditory cortex of adult songbirds

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JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 2019年第1期121卷 218-237页

作者： Bottjer, Sarah W. Ronald, Andrew A. Kaye, Tiara Univ Southern Calif Sect Neurobiol Los Angeles CA USA

The caudomedial nidopallium (NCM) is a higher level region of auditory cortex in songbirds that has been implicated in encoding learned vocalizations and mediating perception of complex sounds. We made cell-attached recordings in awake adult male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) to characterize responses of single NCM neurons to playback of tones and songs. Neurons fell into two broad classes: narrow fast-spiking cells and broad sparsely firing cells. Virtually all narrow-spiking cells responded to playback of pure tones, compared with approximately half of broad-spiking cells. In addition, narrow-spiking cells tended to have lower thresholds and faster, less variable spike onset latencies than did broad-spiking cells, as well as higher firing rates. Tonal responses of narrow-spiking cells also showed broader ranges for both frequency and amplitude compared with broad-spiking neurons and were more apt to have V-shaped tuning curves compared with broad-spiking neurons, which tended to have complex (discontinuous), columnar, or O-shaped frequency response areas. In response to playback of conspecific songs, narrow-spiking neurons showed high firing rates and low levels of selectivity whereas broad-spiking neurons responded sparsely and selectively. Broad-spiking neurons in which tones failed to evoke a response showed greater song selectivity compared with those with a clear tuning curve. These results are consistent with the idea that narrow-spiking neurons represent putative fast-spiking intemeurons, which may provide a source of intrinsic inhibition that contributes to the more selective tuning in broad-spiking cells. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The response properties of neurons in higher level regions of auditory cortex in songbirds are of fundamental interest because processing in such regions is essential for vocal learning and plasticity and for auditory perception of complex sounds. Within a region of secondary auditory cortex, neurons with narrow spikes exhibited hi

关键词： auditory cortex frequency coding intensity coding vocal learning

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Three dimensional rendering of auditory neuronal responses: A novel illustration of receptive field across frequency, intensity & time domains

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JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS 2020年第0期338卷 108682-000页

作者： Qureshi, Farhad Yan, Jun Univ Calgary Dept Physiol & Pharmacol Cumming Sch Med 3330 Hosp Dr NW Calgary AB T2N 4N1 Canada

Background: Neural coding of sound information is often studied through frequency tuning curve (FTC), spectrotemporal receptive field (STRF), post-stimulus time histogram (PSTH), and other methods such as rate functions. These methods, despite providing a robust characterization of auditory responses in their specific domains, lack a complete description in terms of three sound fundamentals: frequency, amplitude, and time. New Method: Using the techniques of electrophysiology, neural signal processing and medical image processing, a standalone method is created to illustrate the neural processing of three sound fundamentals in one representation. Results: The new method comprehensively showed frequency tuning, intensity tuning, time tuning as well as a novel representation of frequency and time dependent intensity coding. It provides most of the necessary parameters that are used to quantify neural response properties, such as minimum threshold (MT), frequency tuning, latency, best frequency (BF), characteristic frequency (CF), bandwidth (BW), etc. Comparison with Existing Methods: Our method shows neural responses as a function of all three sound fundamentals in a single representation that was not possible in previous methods. It covers many functions of conventional methods and allow extracting novel information such as the intensity coding as the function of the spectrotemporal response area of auditory neurons. Conclusion: This method can be used as a standalone package to study auditory neural responses and evaluate the performance of different hearing related devices such as cochlear implants and hearing aids in animal models as well as study and compare auditory processing in aged and hearing impaired animal models.

关键词： Neural signal processing Auditory physiology Hearing research STRF FTC VTK Receptive field 3D Receptive field Frequency tuning intensity coding

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Phasic locus coeruleus activity regulates cortical encoding of salience information

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2018年第40期115卷 E9439-E9448页

作者： Vazey, Elena M. Moorman, David E. Aston-Jones, Gary Univ Massachusetts Dept Biol Amherst MA 01003 USA Univ Massachusetts Dept Psychol & Brain Sci Amherst MA 01003 USA Rutgers State Univ Brain Hlth Inst Piscataway NJ 08854 USA

Phasic activation of locus coeruleus (LC)-norepinephrine (NE) neurons is associated with focused attention and behavioral responses to salient stimuli. We used cell-type-specific optogenetics and single-unit neurophysiology to identify how LC activity influences neural encoding of sensory information. We found that phasic, but not tonic, LC-NE photoactivation generated a distinct event-related potential (ERP) across cortical regions. Salient sensory stimuli (which innately trigger phasic LC activity) produced strong excitatory cortical responses during this ERP window. Application of weaker, nonsalient stimuli produced limited responses, but these responses were elevated to salient stimulus levels when they were temporally locked with phasic LC photoactivation. These results demonstrate that phasic LC activity enhances cortical encoding of salient stimuli by facilitating long-latency signals within target regions in response to stimulus intensity/salience. The LC-driven salience signal identified here provides a measure of phasic LC activity that can be used to investigate the LC's role in attentional processing across species.

关键词： somatosensory cortex norepinephrine phasic intensity coding ERP

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The Auditory Enhancement Effect is Not Reflected in the 80-Hz Auditory Steady-State Response

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JARO-JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR RESEARCH IN OTOLARYNGOLOGY 2014年第4期15卷 621-630页

作者： Carcagno, Samuele Plack, Christopher J. Portron, Arthur Semal, Catherine Demany, Laurent Univ Bordeaux Inst Neurosci Cognit & Integrat Aquitaine Bordeaux France CNRS Bordeaux France Univ Lancaster Dept Psychol Lancaster LA1 4YF England Univ Manchester Sch Psychol Sci Manchester Acad Hlth Sci Ctr Manchester M13 9PL Lancs England

The perceptual salience of a target tone presented in a multitone background is increased by the presentation of a precursor sound consisting of the multitone background alone. It has been proposed that this "enhancement" phenomenon results from an effective amplification of the neural response to the target tone. In this study, we tested this hypothesis in humans, by comparing the auditory steady-state response (ASSR) to a target tone that was enhanced by a precursor sound with the ASSR to a target tone that was not enhanced. In order to record neural responses originating in the brainstem, the ASSR was elicited by amplitude modulating the target tone at a frequency close to 80 Hz. The results did not show evidence of an amplified neural response to enhanced tones. In a control condition, we measured the ASSR to a target tone that, instead of being perceptually enhanced by a precursor sound, was acoustically increased in level. This level increase matched the magnitude of enhancement estimated psychophysically with a forward masking paradigm in a previous experimental phase. We found that the ASSR to the tone acoustically increased in level was significantly greater than the ASSR to the tone enhanced by the precursor sound. Overall, our results suggest that the enhancement effect cannot be explained by an amplified neural response at the level of the brainstem. However, an alternative possibility is that brainstem neurons with enhanced responses do not contribute to the scalp-recorded ASSR.

关键词： auditory enhancement perceptual pop-out ASSR intensity coding

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Responses of single neurons and neuronal ensembles in frog first- and second-order olfactory neurons

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BRAIN RESEARCH 2013年 1536卷 144-158页

作者： Rospars, Jean-Pierre Sanda, Pavel Lansky, Petr Duchamp-Viret, Patricia INRA UMR Physiol Insecte Signalisat & Commun 1272 F-78000 Versailles France INRA Unite Math & Informat Appl F-78000 Versailles France CNRS UMR 5292 Ctr Rech Neurosci Lyon INSERMU1028 F-69366 Lyon France Acad Sci Czech Republ Inst Physiol CZ-14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic

A major challenge in sensory neuroscience is to elucidate the coding and processing of stimulus representations in successive populations of neurons. Here we recorded the spiking activity of receptor neurons (RNs) and mitral/tufted cells (MCs) in the frog olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb respectively, in response to four odorants applied at precisely controlled concentrations. We compared how RN responses are translated in MCs. We examined the time course of the instantaneous firing frequency before and after stimulation in neuron ensembles and the dependency on odorant concentration of the number of action potentials fired in a preselected 5-s time window (dose-response curves) in both single neurons and neuron ensembles. In RNs and MCs, the dose-response curves typically increase then decrease and are well described by alpha functions. We established the main quantitative properties of these curves, including the distributions of concentrations at threshold and maximum responses. We showed that the main transformations occurring in the transition from RNs to MCs is the lowering of the firing threshold and a large decrease in the total number of spikes fired. We also found that the number of action potentials fired by recorded neurons and hence their energy consumption is independent of odorant concentration, and that this is a consequence of their time- and concentration-dependent activities. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Olfactory receptor neuron Mitral cell Dose-response curve intensity coding Population coding

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Neurophysiology of the Cortical Pain Network: Revisiting the Role of S1 in Subjective Pain Perception Via Standardized Low-Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography (sLORETA)

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JOURNAL OF PAIN 2008年第11期9卷 1058-1069页

作者： Nir, Rony-Reuven Lev, Rina Moont, Ruth Granovsky, Yelena Sprecher, Elliot Yarnitsky, David Technion Israel Inst Technol Dept Neurol Clin Neurophysiol Lab IL-31096 Haifa Israel Technion Israel Inst Technol Fac Med IL-31096 Haifa Israel

Multiple studies have supported the usefulness of standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) in localizing generators of scalp-recorded potentials. The current study implemented sLORETA on pain event-related potentials, primarily aiming at validating this technique for pain research by identifying well-known pain-related regions. Subsequently, we pointed at investigating the still-debated and ambiguous topic of pain intensity coding at these regions, focusing on their relative impact on subjective pain perception. sLORETA revealed significant activations of the bilateral primary somatosensory (SO and anterior cingulate cortices and of the contralateral operculoinsular and dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC) cortices (P < .05 for each). Activity of these regions, excluding DLPFC, correlated with subjective numerical pain scores (P < .05 for each). However, a multivariate regression analysis (R = .80;P = .024) distinguished the contralateral SI as the only region whose activation magnitude significantly predicted the subjective perception of noxious stimuli (P = .020), further substantiated by a reduced regression model (R = .75, P = .008). Based on (1) correspondence of the pain-activated regions identified by sLORETA with the acknowledged imaging-based pain-network and (2) the contralateral SI proving to be the most contributing region in pain intensity coding, we found sLORETA to be an appropriate tool for relevant pain research and further substantiated the role of SI in pain perception. Perspective: Because the literature of pain intensity coding offers inconsistent findings, the current article used a novel tool for revisiting this controversial issue. Results suggest that it is the activation magnitude of 51, which solely establishes the significant correlation with subjective pain ratings, in accordance with the classical clinical thinking, relating 51 lesions to diminished perception of pain. Although this study cannot support a causal

关键词： Pain network somatosensory cortex intensity coding event-related potentials source localization sLORETA contact-heat stimulation

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