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2024 Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing

作者： Huang, He Ho, Lizhi Yang, Qi Xu, Yiling Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Shanghai Peoples R China Univ Missouri Kansas City Kansas City MO USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798331529543;9798331529550

In the current Video-based Dynamic Mesh coding (V-DMC) standard, inter-frame coding is restricted to mesh frames with constant topology. Consequently, temporal redundancy is not fully leveraged, resulting in suboptimal compression efficacy. To address this limitation, this paper introduces a novel coarse-to-fine scheme to generate anchor meshes for frames with time-varying topology. Initially, we generate a coarse anchor mesh using an octree-based nearest neighbor search. Motion estimation compensates for regions with significant motion changes during this process. However, the quality of the coarse mesh is low due to its suboptimal vertices. To enhance details, the fine anchor mesh is further optimized using the Quadric Error Metrics (QEM) algorithm to calculate more precise anchor points. The inter-frame anchor mesh generated herein retains the connectivity of the reference base mesh, while concurrently preserving superior quality. Experimental results show that our method achieves 7.2% similar to 10.3% BD-rate gain compared to the existing V-DMC test model version 7.

关键词： video-based dynamic mesh compression inter-frame coding coarse-to-fine anchor mesh

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inter-frame coding FOR DYNAMIC MESHES VIA TEMPORALLY-CONSISTENT RE-MESHING 30

INTER-FRAME CODING FOR DYNAMIC MESHES VIA TEMPORALLY-CONSIST...

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30th IEEE international Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)

作者： Jin, Xudong Xu, Jianfeng Kawamura, Kei KDDI Res Inc Adv Visual Commun Lab XR Div Fujimino Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781728198354

The inter-frame coding of dynamic meshes with time varying topology is still under development in the current Video-based Dynamic Mesh coding (V-DMC) standard. To address this issue and improve the coding efficiency, we propose a temporally-consistent re-meshing method. In particular, we introduce a robust inter-surface mapping framework to re-mesh the input meshes so that they have one-to-one vertex and face correspondence. Then, we simultaneously decimate the re-meshed input meshes to generate temporally-consistent base meshes, which is a key requirement for applying inter-frame coding in V-DMC. The evaluations on Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) test sequences demonstrate that our method can achieve rate-distortion performance superior to that of V-DMC.

关键词： V-DMC dynamic mesh coding inter-frame coding inter-surface mapping

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Recent Advances on HEVC inter-frame coding: From Optimization to Implementation and Beyond

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 2020年第11期30卷 4321-4339页

作者： Zhang, Yongfei Zhang, Chao Fan, Rui Ma, Siwei Chen, Zhibo Kuo, C. -C. Jay Beihang Univ Beijing Key Lab Digital Media Sch Comp Sci & Engn Beijing 100191 Peoples R China Beihang Univ State Key Lab Virtual Real Technol & Syst Beijing 100191 Peoples R China China Acad Elect & Informat Technol Beijing 100041 Peoples R China Peking Univ Inst Digital Media Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Beijing 100871 Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China CAS Key Lab Technol Geospatial Informat Proc & Ap Hefei 230027 Peoples R China Univ Southern Calif Ming Hsieh Dept Elect Engn Los Angeles CA 90007 USA

High Efficiency Video coding (HEVC) has doubled the video compression ratio with equivalent subjective quality as compared to its predecessor H.264/AVC. The significant coding efficiency improvement is attributed to many new techniques. inter-frame coding is one of the most powerful yet complicated techniques therein and has posed high computational burden thus main obstacle in HEVC-based real-time applications. Recently, plenty of research has been done to optimize the inter-frame coding, either to reduce the complexity for real-time applications, or to further enhance the encoding efficiency. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art techniques for HEVC inter-frame coding from three aspects, namely fast inter coding solutions, implementation on different hardware platforms as well as advanced inter coding techniques. More specifically, different algorithms in each aspect are further subdivided into sub-categories and compared in terms of pros, cons, coding efficiency and coding complexity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such comprehensive review of the recent advances of the inter-frame coding for HEVC and hopefully it would help the improvement, implementation and applications of HEVC as well as the ongoing development of the next generation video coding standard.

关键词： High efficiency video coding inter-frame coding real-time applications implementation affine transform deep learning

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An Efficient inter-frame coding with Intra Skip Decision in H.264/AVC

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2010年第2期56卷 856-862页

作者： Kim, Myounghoon Jung, Soonhong Kim, Chang-Su Sull, Sanghoon Korea Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Seoul 136701 South Korea

In this paper, we propose a simple but effective intra-mode skip algorithm to reduce the computational cost for inter-frame coding. It makes use of motion, temporal, and spatial homogeneity characteristics of video sequences. Specifically, the motion homogeneity is defined by using the mean deviation of motion vectors (MV) of the 4x4 blocks. The temporal and spatial homogeneity are computed by the sum of absolute difference (SAD) between an original block and its prediction block of the best inter-mode and the intra-mode with large block size, respectively. Based on the three types of homogeneity, the proposed method skip the full intra-mode search for inter-frame coding to reduce the encoding time when a region has the motion homogeneity and temporal homogeneity is stronger than the spatial one. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly increases the skip decision accuracy by up to 20% and reduces the total encoding time by about 3 similar to 10% as compared to the existing methods with negligible loss in PSNR and small increment of bit rate.(1)

关键词： H.264/AVC inter-frame coding intra-mode skip rate-distortion optimization (RDO) mean deviation of motion vectors motion homogeneity temporal homogeneity spatial homogeneity

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Fast mode decision algorithm for inter-frame coding in fully scalable video coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 2006年第7期16卷 889-895页

作者： Li, He Li, Z. G. Wen, Changyun Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore Inst Infocomm Res Media Div Singapore 119613 Singapore

Scalable video coding is an ongoing standard, and the current working draft (VM) is an extension of H.264/AVC. In the WD, an exhaustive search technique is employed to select the best coding mode for each macroblock. This technique achieves the highest possible coding efficiency, but it results in extremely large encoding time which obstructs it from practical use. This paper proposes a fast mode decision algorithm for inter-frame coding for spatial, coarse grain signal-to-noise ratio, and temporal scalability. It makes use of the mode-distribution correlation between the base layer and enhancement layers. Specifically, after the exhaustive search technique is performed at the base layer, the candidate modes for enhancement layers can be reduced to a small number based on the correlation. Experimental results show that the fast mode decision scheme reduces the computational complexity significantly with negligible coding loss and bit-rate increases.

关键词： coarse grain signal-to-noise ratio (CGS) fast mode decision inter-frame coding scalable video coding (SVC) spatial temporal scalability

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Context-Adaptive Inverse Quantization for inter-frame coding

IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS

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IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2021年 2卷 660-674页

作者： Liu, Kang Liu, Dong Li, Li Li, Houqiang Univ Sci & Technol China CAS Key Lab Technol Geospatial Informat Proc & Ap Hefei 230027 Peoples R China

In the hybrid video coding framework, quantization is the key technique to achieve lossy compression. The information loss caused by the quantization may be reduced to improve compression efficiency, by using either encoder-side rate-distortion optimized quantization or decoder-side filtering. Nonetheless, the existing studies did not extensively use the already encoded information, i.e., context, to reduce the quantization loss. We address this issue and propose a context-adaptive inverse quantization method, namely, CAIQ. Specifically, for inter-frame coding, we analyze the correlation between the prediction signal (generated by motion compensated prediction) and the residual signal, as well as the correlation within the residual signal itself. We then present linear as well as nonlinear yet lightweight models to exploit the observed correlations in the frequency domain. Our models provide an optional inverse quantization mode by referring to the prediction signal, which is available at the decoder side. Next, block-level mode selection regarding the CAIQ method is used at the encoder side. We integrate the proposed CAIQ method into the reference software of Versatile Video coding. We perform an extensive study of the models and analyze their resulting compression efficiency gain and encoding/decoding complexity. Experimental results show that our CAIQ method improves compression performance especially for high-resolution videos and at high bit rates.

关键词： Video coding Analytical models Quantization (signal) Correlation Frequency-domain analysis Rate-distortion Predictive models Context-adaptive correlation analysis inter-frame coding inverse quantization transform coefficients

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Nearly Reversible Image-to-Image Translation Using Joint inter-frame coding and Embedding

Nearly Reversible Image-to-Image Translation Using Joint Int...

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IEEE international Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP) - Visual Communications in the Era of AI and Limited Resources

作者： Cao, Xinzhu Yao, Yuanzhi Yu, Nenghai Univ Sci & Technol China Dept Elect Engn & Informat Sci Hefei 230027 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728185514

Image-to-image translation tasks which have been widely investigated with generative adversarial networks (GAN) aim to map an image from the source domain to the target domain. The translated image can be inversely mapped to the reconstructed source image. However, existing GAN-based schemes lack the ability to accomplish reversible translation. To remedy this drawback, a nearly reversible image-to-image translation scheme where the reconstructed source image is approximately distortion-free compared with the corresponding source image is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme jointly considers inter-frame coding and embedding. Firstly, we organize the GAN-generated reconstructed source image and the source image into a pseudo video. Furthermore, the bitstream obtained by inter-frame coding is reversibly embedded in the translated image for nearly lossless source image reconstruction. Extensive experimental results and analysis demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve a high level of performance in image quality and security.

关键词： Image-to-image translation generative adversarial network inter-frame coding reversible data embedding

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EMBEDDED GRAPH REPRESENTATION FOR inter-frame coding OF DYNAMIC MESHES 49

EMBEDDED GRAPH REPRESENTATION FOR INTER-FRAME CODING OF DYNA...

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49th IEEE international Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Jin, Xudong Xu, Jianfeng Kawamura, Kei KDDI Res Inc Adv Visual Commun Lab XR Div Saitama Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350344868;9798350344851

The Video-based Dynamic Mesh coding (V-DMC) standard exploits the temporal correlation by tracing the motions of the vertices, which applies only to tracked frames with one-to-one vertex correspondence. For non-tracked frames, only intra mode is applied. This paper proposes an embedded graph representation method that can efficiently represent inter-frame differences for both tracked and non-tracked frames. First, we construct an embedded graph by simplifying the given mesh. Then, we compute a set of affine transformations on graph nodes and use their linear combinations to represent the inter-frame difference. Finally, we apply our implementation to increase the number of predicted frames (P-frames) and thus improve the resulting coding performance. Evaluations on Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) test sequences demonstrate the significant rate distortion improvements achieved by our method over V-DMC. The proposed method is highly compliant with V-DMC, and a part of it has been adopted into the V-DMC reference software during the MPEG-3DGH 144th meeting.

关键词： Embedded graph representation dynamic mesh coding inter-frame coding

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inter frame Video coding In Advanced Video coding Standard H.264 Using Template Matching Technique

Inter Frame Video Coding In Advanced Video Coding Standard H...

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international Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Communication, Computer, and Optimization Techniques (ICEECCOT)

作者： Bavi, Kotramma Naik, N. Manja Parameshachari, B. D. Banu, Reshma Rajashekarappa UBDTCE Dept ECE Davangere India VTU Belagavi India GSSSIETW Mysuru Dept TCE Mysore Karnataka India GSSSIETW Dept ISE Mysuru India SDMCET Dept ISE Dharwad Karnataka India

ISBN: (纸本)9781538623619

A template matching estimation reliant on gathering of reconstructed pixels that surrounding a block target that helps in estimation of pixels in the target block without considering the motion data. The target block estimator is obtained by reducing the template matching fault. Because of the freedom, the template had possessed, the target blocks residual may have larger values in flat regions. The method uses spatial and temporal correlations to predict the encoding pixels. This prediction is obtained by the mechanism based on template matching, with previously reconstructed pixels as reference and are used to fill the target region pixels.

关键词： inter-frame coding Template Matching Motion estimation Motion compensation

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Speed up H.266/VVC inter-coding by Background Analysis and Learning Models 11

Speed up H.266/VVC Inter-Coding by Background Analysis and L...

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11th IEEE international Conference on Consumer Electronics - Taiwan (ICCE-Taiwan) - Empower of Innovative Consumer Technology

作者： Lo, Yi-Chen Chen, Jiann-Jone Lo, Jui-Chen Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol Elect Engn Dept Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386851;9798350386844

The H.266/VVC enhances video coding efficiency, achieving 30%-50% bitrate savings over H.265/HEVC, primarily through the Quad-Tree and Multi-Type Tree (QTMTT) structure. However, these improvements increase operational complexity. To make VVC more practical, we propose the following methods to speed up inter-frame coding: (1) Design learning models to predict the best partition mode for the current coding Unit (CU) and skip unlikely modes during the RDO test. (2) Analyze data to correlate motion compensation with static areas and avoid partitioning CUs in these regions for faster processing. These techniques aim to accelerate the overall encoding process.

关键词： H.266/VVC QuadTree plus Multi-type Tree (QTMT) inter-frame coding Learning Model Background analysis

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