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Are query-based ontology debuggers really helping knowledge engineers?

KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS 2019年第0期179卷 92-107页

作者： Rodler, Patrick Jannach, Dietmar Schekotihin, Konstantin Fleiss, Philipp Univ Klagenfurt Dept Appl Informat A-9020 Klagenfurt Austria

Real-world semantic or knowledge-based systems can become large and complex, e.g., in the biomedical domain. Tool support for the localization and repair of faults within knowledge bases of such systems can therefore be essential for their practical success. Correspondingly, a number of knowledge base debugging approaches, in particular for ontology-based systems, were proposed in recent years. Query-based debugging is a comparably recent interactive approach that localizes the true cause of an observed problem by asking knowledge engineers a series of questions. Concrete implementations of this approach exist, such as the OntoDebug plug-in for the ontology editor Protege. To validate that a newly proposed method is favorable over an existing one, researchers often rely on simulation-based comparisons. Such an evaluation approach however has certain limitations and often cannot fully inform us about a method's true usefulness. We therefore conducted a range of user studies to assess the practical value of query-based ontology debugging. One main insight from the studies is that the considered interactive approach is indeed more efficient than an alternative algorithmic debugging based on test cases. We also observed that users frequently made errors in the process, which highlights the importance of a careful design of the queries that users need to answer. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Knowledge base debugging interactive debugging User study Ontologies Model-based diagnosis Protege Ontology debugging tool

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IDVE: an Integrated Development and Verification Environment for JavaScript 19

IDVE: an Integrated Development and Verification Environment...

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3rd International Conference on Art, Science, and Engineering of Programming (Programming)

作者： Schuster, Christopher Flanagan, Cormac Univ Calif Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450362573

Program verifiers statically check programs based on source code annotations such as invariants, pre- and postconditions. These annotations can be more precise than simple types. For example, a sorting routine might be annotated with a postcondition stating that its result is sorted. However, the verification process for these annotations can become complex. Therefore, simple error messages may not be sufficient to help the programmer resolve verification issues. In order to improve the programming experience for verified programming, this paper presents IDVE, an integrated development and verification environment that lets users interactively inspect and debug verification issues. The goal of IDVE is to provide a development tool that assists users with program verification analogous to how interactive step-by-step debugging avoids manual "printf debugging". IDVE enables programmers to interactively manipulate assumptions and assertions of verification conditions with a novel verification inspector, and IDVE automatically generates tests that serve as executable and debuggable counterexamples. In addition to presenting the approach and implementation of the integrated development and verification environment, we also conducted a user study with 18 participants to evaluate how the proposed features of the environment are perceived. Participants with and without prior experience with program verifiers had to solve a series of simple programming and verification tasks and answer an online survey. Features of IDVE were generally seen as helpful or potentially helpful but user interface design is an essential factor for their utility.

关键词： programming environments program verification JavaScript test generation interactive debugging

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A New interactive Fault Localization Method with Context Aware User Feedback 1

A New Interactive Fault Localization Method with Context Awa...

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1st IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent Bug Fixing (IBF)

作者： Horvath, Ferenc Lacerda, Victor Schnepper Beszedes, Arpad Vidacs, Laszlo Gyimothy, Tibor Univ Szeged Dept Software Engn Szeged Hungary Univ Szeged MTA SZTE Res Grp Artificial Intelligence Szeged Hungary

ISBN: (纸本)9781728118093

State-of-the-art fault localization tools provide a ranked list of suspicious code elements to aid the user in this debugging activity. Statistical (or Spectrum-Based) Fault Localization (SFL/SBFL) uses code coverage information of test cases and their execution outcomes to calculate the ranks. We propose an approach (called iFL) in which the developer interacts with the fault localization algorithm by giving feedback on the elements of the prioritized list. Contextual knowledge of the user about the current item (e.g., a statement) is exploited in the ranked list, and with this feedback larger code entities (e.g., a whole function) can be repositioned in the list. In our initial set of experiments, we evaluated the approach on the SIR benchmark using simulated users. Results showed significant improvements in fault localization accuracy: the ranking position of the buggy element was reduced by 72% on average, and iFL was able to double the number of faults that were positioned between 1-5.

关键词： Statistical fault localization spectrum based fault localization testing interactive debugging user feedback

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On the Usefulness of Different Expert Question Types for Fault Localization in Ontologies 32nd

On the Usefulness of Different Expert Question Types for Fau...

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32nd International Conference on Industrial, Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems (IEA/AIE)

作者： Rodler, Patrick Eichholzer, Michael Alpen Adria Univ Klagenfurt A-9020 Klagenfurt Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9783030229993;9783030229986

When ontologies reach a certain size and complexity, faults such as inconsistencies or wrong entailments are hardly avoidable. Locating the faulty axioms that cause these faults is a hard and time-consuming task. Addressing this issue, several techniques for semi-automatic fault localization in ontologies have been proposed. Often, these approaches involve a human expert who provides answers to system-generated questions about the intended (correct) ontology in order to reduce the possible fault locations. To suggest as few and as informative questions as possible, existing methods draw on various algorithmic optimizations as well as heuristics. However, these computations are often based on certain assumptions about the interacting user and the metric to be optimized. In this work, we critically discuss these optimization criteria and suppositions about the user. As a result, we suggest an alternative, arguably more realistic metric to measure the expert's effort and show that existing approaches do not achieve optimal efficiency in terms of this metric. Moreover, we detect that significant differences regarding user interaction costs arise if the assumptions made by existing works do not hold. As a remedy, we suggest a new notion of expert question that does not rely on any assumptions about the user's way of answering. Experiments on faulty real-world ontologies testify that the new querying method minimizes the necessary expert consultations in the majority of cases and reduces the computation time for the best next question by at least 80% in all scenarios.

关键词： Ontology debugging interactive debugging Fault localization Sequential diagnosis Expert questions Ontology quality assurance Ontology repair Test-driven debugging

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GoTcha: An interactive Debugger for GoT-Based Distributed Systems

GoTcha: An Interactive Debugger for GoT-Based Distributed Sy...

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ACM SIGPLAN International Symposium on New Ideas, New Paradigms, and Reflections on Programming and Software (Onward) part of SPLASH Conference

作者： Achar, Rohan Dawn, Pritha Lopes, Cristina, V Univ Calif Irvine Donald Bren Sch ICS Irvine CA 92697 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450369954

debugging distributed systems is hard. Most of the techniques that have been developed for debugging such systems use either extensive model checking, or postmortem analysis of logs and traces. interactive debugging is typically a tool that is only effective in single threaded and single process applications, and is rarely applied to distributed systems. While the live observation of state changes using interactive debuggers is effective, it comes with a host of problems in distributed scenarios. In this paper, we discuss the requirements an interactive debugger for distributed systems should meet, the role the underlying distributed model plays in facilitating the debugger, and the implementation of our interactive debugger: GoTcha. GoTcha is a browser based interactive debugger for distributed systems built on the Global Object Tracker (GoT) programming model. We show how the GoT model facilitates the debugger, and the features that the debugger can offer. We also demonstrate a typical debugging workflow.

关键词： debugging Distributed Systems interactive debugging

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interactive Runtime Verification - a Ph.D to Improve Bug Detection and Understanding 28

Interactive Runtime Verification - a Ph.D to Improve Bug Det...

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28th IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering

作者： Jakse, Raphael Univ Grenoble Alpes CNRS INRIA Grenoble INPLIG F-38000 Grenoble France

ISBN: (纸本)9781538623879

Bugs cannot always be avoided and can have various consequences on the reliability of softwares. Techniques for finding and undestanding bugs are therefore needed for developers to be able to fix them. Existing techniques for finding and getting insight on bugs have limitations. Static analysis cannot detect every bugs, interactive debugging can be tedious, Runtime Verification usually does not have built-in mechanism to study bugs that are detected. This paper presents ongoing work as part of a Ph.D to fight against these limitations. More precisely, we introduce interactive Runtime Verification, an approach that combines interactive debugging and Runtime Verification, and work needed around this approach.

关键词： interactive debugging Monitoring Property Runtime verification

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How Do Developers Toggle Breakpoints? - Observational Studies - 17

How Do Developers Toggle Breakpoints? - Observational Studie...

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IEEE International Conference on Software Quality, Reliability and Security (Companion Volume)

作者： Petrillo, Fabio Mandian, Hyan Yamashita, Aiko Khomh, Foutse Gueheneuc, Yann-Gael Polytech Montreal Montreal PQ Canada UniRitter Porto Alegre RS Brazil Oslo & Akershus Univ Coll Appl Sci Oslo Norway

ISBN: (纸本)9781538605929

One of the most important tasks in software maintenance is debugging. Developers perform debugging to fix faults and implement new features. Usually they use interactive development environments to perform their debugging sessions. To start an interactive debugging session, developers must set breakpoints. Choosing where to set breakpoints is a non-trivial task, yet few studies have investigated how developers set breakpoints during interactive debugging sessions. To understand how developers set breakpoints, we analysed more than 10 hours of 45 video-recorded debugging sessions, where a total of 307 breakpoints were set. We used the videos from two independent studies involving three software systems. We could observe that: (1) considerable time is spent by developers until they are able to set the first breakpoint;(2) when developers toggle breakpoints carefully, they complete tasks faster than developers who set (potential useless) breakpoints quickly;and (3) different developers set breakpoints in similar locations while working (independently) on the same tasks or different tasks. We discuss some implications of our observations for debugging activities.

关键词： debugging breakpoints interactive debugging empirical software engineering

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Inmos :: Transputer :: Manuals :: 72 Tds 275 02 Occam 2 Toolset User Manual - Part 1