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DYNAMIC RECONFIGURABILITY FOR FAST PROTOTYPING OF USER INTERFACES

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING JOURNAL 1988年第6期3卷 257-262页

作者： GRAY, PD KILGOUR, AC WOOD, CA UNIV GLASGOW DEPT COMP SCIGLASGOW G12 8QQSCOTLAND

Nowhere in software engineering is the need for fast prototyping more widely accepted than in the design of effective user interfaces to interactive systems. This paper reviews the rationale and methods for prototyping of interfaces, and argues the importance of dynamic reconfigurability in achieving fast convergence on a satisfactory solution. A prototype dialogue design system with this property is described, and the results of initial experience in its use are reported.

关键词： software engineering dynamic reconfigurability fast prototyping user interfaces interactive programming Software engineering techniques dialogue design system User interfaces interactive systems fast convergence

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THE USABILITY ENGINEERING LIFE-CYCLE

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COMPUTER 1992年第3期25卷 12-22页

作者： NIELSEN, J TECH UNIV DENMARK DK-2800 LYNGBYDENMARK IBM CORP THOMAS J WATSON RES CTRINST USER INTERFACEYORKTOWN HTSNY 10598

A practical usability engineering process that can be incorporated into the software product development process to ensure the usability of interactive computer products is presented. It is shown that the most basic elements in the usability engineering model are empirical user testing and prototyping, combined with iterative design. Usability activities are presented for three main phases of a software project: before, during, and after product design and implementation. Some of the recommended methods are not really single steps but should be used throughout the development process

关键词： empirical user testing interactive computer products interactive programming interactive systems iterative design practical usability engineering process product design program testing prototyping software engineering software product development process software project usability engineering life cycle usability engineering model user interfaces

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GAAS-MESFET MODELING AND NONLINEAR CAD

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES 1988年第2期36卷 220-230页

作者： CURTICE, WR Microwave Semiconductor Corporation Somerset NJ USA

Equivalent circuit modeling techniques are described for both small-signal and large-signal models of GaAs MESFETs. The use of large-signal model in an interactive program for amplifier analysis is shown. The computed load-pull results and IMD (intermodulation distortion) predictions are shown to be in good agreement with measured data at 10 GHz.

关键词： observational data gallium arsenides Computer-Aided Design DFFB gene MESFETs interactive programming load-pull large-signal small-signal Intermodulation distortion Modeling

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Administrative and market-based allocation mechanism for regional water resources planning

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RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING 2015年 95卷 156-173页

作者： Tu, Yan Zhou, Xiaoyang Gang, Jun Liechty, Merrill Xu, Jiuping Lev, Benjamin Sichuan Univ Sch Business Chengdu 610064 Peoples R China Drexel Univ Dept Decis Sci LeBow Coll Business Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Shaanxi Normal Univ Int Business Sch Xian 710062 Peoples R China Sichuan Univ State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn Chengdu 610064 Peoples R China Sichuan Inst Bldg Res Chengdu 610064 Peoples R China

The aim of this paper is to present an administrative and market-based optimization method for solving a problem of regional water resources allocation by considering a hierarchical structure under multiple uncertainties. To accomplish this, a multi-objective bi-level programming model is developed based on the water right distribution in a river basin. In this model, the stream flow (i.e., water supply) and water demand are considered as a fuzzy random variable and a random fuzzy variable, respectively. The regional authority, the leader in the hierarchy, seeks to maximize the total:benefit to society while simultaneously minimizing pollution emissions. The sub-areas, the followers in the hierarchy, seek to maximize their own economic benefits. To deal with the inherent uncertainty, a transformation of variables into fuzzy variables is done, and through the expected value operation, the fuzzy variables are subsequently transformed into determined ones. For solving the complex non-linear bi-level programming model, a bi-level interactive method based on satisfactory solution with global local neighbor adaptive particle swarm optimization (GLN-aPSO) is designed as a combined solution method. A case study is presented to demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of this method. The interactive solutions associated with different minimal satisfactory degrees of the two objectives in the upper level have been generated. They can help the regional authority and the sub-areas to identify desired water allocation schemes according to their preferences and practical conditions, as well as facilitate in-depth analyses of tradeoffs between the objectives in the two levels. Finally, to verify that it is reasonable to use bi-level programming the results are compared with those of using single level programming. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Allocation of regional water resources Water rights Multi-objective bi-level optimization Uncertainty interactive programming Particle swarm optimization

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RULES INTEGRATE DATA IN A MULTICRITERIA DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS 1990年第3期20卷 678-686页

作者： LEVINE, P POMEROL, MJ SANEH, R UNIV PICARDIE INSSETF-02109 SAIN QUENTINFRANCE

An integrated multicriteria decision support system is presented that supports the decision-making process from the very beginning, i.e. the scanning of the available data, up to the moment of the choice. In this system the descriptive data of the multiattribute problem are transformed, by rules, into a manageable decision matrix. An expert system architecture is described to realize this transfer of the descriptive data to the multiattribute matrix. The decision matrix obtained can be processed by any multicriteria method. The authors key points come in the construction of the decision rules for the system. In their system the order between the alternatives, which is a part of the burden ordinarily devoted to the determination of weights, is moved to the conceptual analysis preceding the writing of the rules. An application is presented of an interactive program allowing an intelligent exploration of choices that uses artificial intelligence ideas.

关键词： Rule decision making Conceptual Analysis decision rule interactive programming scanning available data decision support systems Moment of force

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Interfaces as functors, programs as coalgebras - A final coalgebra theorem in intensional type theory

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THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE 2006年第1-3期360卷 415-439页

作者： Michelbrink, Markus Univ Coll Swansea Dept Comp Sci Swansea SA2 8PP W Glam Wales

In [P. Hancock, A. Setzer, interactive programs in dependent type theory, in: P. Clote, H. Schwichtenberg (Eds.), Proc. 14th Annu. Conf. of EACSL, CSL'00, Fischbau, Germany, 21-26 August 2000, Vol. 1862, Springer, Berlin, 2000, pp. 317-331, URL (***/article/***);P. Hancock, A. Setzer, interactive programs and weakly final coalgebras in dependent type theory, in: L. Crosilla, P. Schuster (Eds.), From Sets and Types to Topology and Analysis. Towards Practicable Foundations for Constructive Mathematics, Oxford Logic Guides, Clarendon Press, 2005, URL (***/similar to csetzer/)] Hancock and Setzer introduced rules to extend Martin-Lof's type theory in order to represent interactive programming. The rules essentially reflect the existence of weakly final coalgebras for a general form of polynomial functor. The standard rules of dependent type theory allow the definition of inductive types, which correspond to initial algebras. Coalgebraic types are not represented in a direct way. In this article we show the existence of final coalgebras in intensional type theory for these kind of functors, where we require uniqueness of identity proofs (U I P) for the set of states S and the set of commands C which determine the functor. We obtain the result by identifying programs which have essentially the same behaviour, viz. are bisimular. This proves the rules of Selzer and Hancock admissible in ordinary type theory, if we replace definitional equality by bisimulation. All proofs [M. Michelbrink, Verifications of final coalgebra theorem in: Interfaces as Functors, Programs as Coalgebras - A Final Coalgebra Theorem in Intensional Type Theory, 2005, URL (***/similar to csmichel/)] are verified in the theorem prover agda [C. Coquand, Agda, Internet, URL (***/similar to catarina/agda/);K. Peterson, A programming system for type theory, Technical Report, S-412 96, Chalmers University of Technology, Gotebor

关键词： dependent type theory interactive programming Coalgebra

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Towards a Formal Representation of interactive Systems

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FUNDAMENTA INFORMATICAE 2014年第3-4期131卷 313-336页

作者： Banu-Demergian, Iulia Teodora Stefanescu, Gheorghe Univ Bucharest Dept Comp Sci Bucharest 010014 Romania

Powerful algebraic techniques have been developed for classical sequential computation. Many of them are based on regular expressions and the associated regular algebra. For parallel and interactive computation, extensions to handle 2-dimensional patterns are often required. Finite interactive systems, a 2-dimensional version of finite automata, may be used to recognize 2-dimensional languages. In this paper we present a blueprint for getting a formal representation of parallel, interactive programs and of their semantics. It is based on a recently introduced approach for getting regular expressions for 2-dimensional patterns, particularly using words of arbitrary shapes and powerful control mechanisms on composition. We extend the previously defined class of expressions n2RE with new control features, progressively increasing the expressive power of the formalism up to a level where a procedure for generating the words accepted by finite interactive systems may be obtained. Targeted applications come from the area of modelling, specification, analysis and verification of structured interactive programs via the associated scenario semantics.

关键词： parallel programming interactive programming regular expressions regular algebra Kleene theorem network algebra 2-dimensional languages finite interactive systems relational semantics specification verification structured interactive programming

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Real Tournament -: mobile context-aware gaming for the next generation

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ELECTRONIC LIBRARY 2004年第1期22卷 55-64页

作者： Wu, MM Mitchell, K McCaffery, D Finney, J Friday, A Univ Lancaster Dept Comp Distributed Multimedia Res Grp Lancaster England

With the recent advances in mobile networking, context-aware computing, and sensor-based computing, researchers and game designers are able to explore the potential of combining these new technologies to develop mobile, networked, context-aware, augmented reality multiplayer games. As part of new research collaboration between Lancaster University, Cisco Systems, Microsoft Research and Orange - MIPv6 Systems Research Lab, such a mobile context-aware multiplayer game is proposed and explored. The proposed game, Real Tournament, gathers real-time contextual information, e.g. physical location and orientation, from the players and injects them into the game engine to generate game events.

关键词： multimedia mobile communication systems research results interactive video interactive programming

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COMPOSING BY MUSICAL ANALOG - A LOOK AT PLANETARY ORBITS

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COMPUTER 1991年第7期24卷 72-75页

作者： KEEFE, R Sch. of Music Ithaca Coll. NY

Generating musical compositions using models from probability statistics, fractal geometry, and other nonlinear and chaotic systems, referred to by some composers as a mapping technique or mapping, is discussed. Composition based on celestial coordinates made audible through an interactive Pascal computer program that generates such coordinates for all the planets and the Earth's Moon as seen from any point on Earth for any given time frame is reported. The compositional environment is examined, the durational schemes used are described, and the composer's options are discussed

关键词： Pascal astronomy and astrophysics celestial coordinates chaotic systems fractal geometry interactive Pascal computer program interactive programming mapping technique music musical analog nonlinear systems planetary orbits probability probability statistics

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SOS: A simple interactive program for ab initio oligonucleotide sequencing by mass spectrometry

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2002年第3期13卷 200-203页

作者： Rozenski, J McCloskey, JA Univ Utah Dept Med Chem Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA Katholieke Univ Leuven Rega Inst B-3000 Louvain Belgium

Mass spectra of oligonucleotides derived from collision-induced dissociation following electrospray ionization provide an effective means of sequence determination, at the 20-mer level and below. An interactive, stand-alone computer program, Simple Oligonucleotide Sequencer (SOS) has been developed for rapid oligonucleotide sequencing from mass spectra, under user control on a residue by residue basis. Modifications can be defined in any combination for the base, sugar or backbone. Sequence ladders can be independently constructed in both the 5' --> 3' directions and 3' --> 5' directions, and graphically compared for homology and overlap. A particular advantage of this method is the ability to easily erase and rebuild alternate subsequences. The program can be used for ab initio sequencing of modified or unmodified oligonucleotides, for rapid verification of sequence, and in studies of fragmentation processes of model oligonucleotide derivatives. (C) 2002 American Society for Mass Spectrometry.

关键词： mass spectra Sequence Determination Electrospray ionization Collision-induced dissociation graphically Residues Oligonucleotides interactive programming Analyses, Sequence

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