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On the complex problem: a study of interactive management

KYBERNETES 2004年第1期33卷 62-79页

作者： Tuan, NT Univ Cape Town ZA-7925 Cape Town South Africa

This paper attempts to explicate the characteristics of the complex Problem Per se. By reflecting upon several lofty Philosophies, this paper argues that a complex problem consists of two parts: human's incapacity of mental power and human's cognitive dissonance. Grounded in these presumptions, this paper will illustrate that the conventional engineering approach, which primarily rests on a single observer's favourable model, is inadequate to cope with the complex issue. By reviewing several prevailing soft approaches, this paper promotes interactive management (IM) as a useful methodology for intervening in the complex problem. A case study of employing IM in a South African media context is given to demonstrate its usage.

关键词： Complexify theory Cybernetics Problem solving interactive programming

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LG - LANGUAGE FOR ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

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COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM 1976年第4期19卷 182-187页

作者： RAYMOND, J UNIV OTTAWA DEPT COMP SCIOTTAWA K1N 6N5ONTARIOCANADA

A conversational programming language for analytic geometry is described, together with some aspects of its implementation. The language allows the flexible definition of geometric objects and elements, computes their parameters, and displays the results. It also provides the capability of specifying a geometric figure via a collection of parameters and displaying various loci corresponding to these parameters. A third characteristic consists of the possibility of using this language to design other user oriented languages. LG has been specifically designed for use by nonprogrammers; it is easy to learn and very close to the natural language used in geometry.

关键词： analytic geometry computer graphics interactive programming interpreters problem oriented languages

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DISPLAY CONDENSATION OF PROGRAM TEXT

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 1982年第5期8卷 526-529页

作者： ARCHER, J CONWAY, R CORNELL UNIV DEPT COMP SCIITHACANY 14853 STANFORD UNIV STANFORDCA 94305

In interactive systems that must display the text of programs, the size of the program is ordinarily much larger than the capacity of the screen. Although the obvious tactic is simply to select k contiguous lines for display in a k-line window, in some cases, it is helpful to be able to represent m lines in a k-line window, where m is greater than k, by condensing portions of the text. Alternative tactics for controlling such condensation are considered. The 3 systems considered - PDE1L, the Cornell Program Synthesizer, and COPE - illustrate a useful idea, as well as 2 substantially different approaches to its implementation. PDE1L and COPE are demonstrable, but user experience is limited. The Synthesizer, however, has been used for more than 2 years at numerous universities. Only extensive user experience can resolve the choice between automatic and user-controlled condensation, and it will probably be concluded that under different circumstances each of these alternatives is advantageous. The issues in general will be simply how much effort is required for user control and how well automatic condensation can deduce the user's needs and intent. Of course, the possibility of compromise also exists.

关键词： programming Methodology Editing interactive programming Prettyprinting programming Environments

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CONVERSATIONAL SAAM - AN interactive PROGRAM FOR KINETIC-ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS

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COMPUTER PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 1981年第1-2期13卷 111-119页

作者： BOSTON, RC GREIF, PC BERMAN, M NCI THEORET BIOL LAB BETHESDA MD 20205 USA

CONSAM is a conversational version of the kinetic modeling program SAAM. Adjoined to the model processing capability of SAAM, CONSAM additionally affords the user creation, inspection and alteration capabilities in model manipulation, assessment and development. To achieve this flexibility CONSAM incorporates a text editor, a solution-saving facility, a model image-saving facility and a graphics package. Command syntax and command logic checking, together with command argument defaulting, help make CONSAM easy to use. The use of CONSAM in modeling in nonlinear drug response to a moderately complicated dosing strategy is presented.

关键词： Compartmental analysis Data analysis interactive programming Kinetics Least squares Modelling Parameter estimation Simulation

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TRADE-OFF ANALYSIS USING PARAMETRIC OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH 1992年第1期60卷 87-98页

作者： NAKAYAMA, H KONAN UNIV DEPT APPL MATH8-9-1 OKAMOTOHIGASHINADAKOBE 658JAPAN

In multi-objective programming problems, one of the most difficult tasks is 'balancing among multiple objectives', i.e. 'trade-off'. This difficulty originates from the value judgment of decision makers. During the past decade, several methods have been developed to overcome this difficulty in multiobjective programming problems. Among them, from a practical viewpoint, the aspiration level approach is very attractive, since it does not require any consistency of the decision maker's judgement, and it makes the trade-off (in other words, balancing) among the objectives very easy. On the other hand, some of the practical problems have very many objective functions, say, about one hundred. For this kind of problem, decision makers tend to be tired with answering their aspiration levels for all objective functions. It is very important, therefore, to decrease the burden of the decision makers in their trade-off. In this paper, a method for trade-off using parametric optimization techniques will be suggested. In linear and quadratic problems, the method can show the exact trade-off information very rapidly even in cases with very many objective functions. Therefore, it can be expected to help decision makers' judgement in their trade-offs effectively in many practical problems.

关键词： TRADE-OFF ANALYSIS PARAMETRIC OPTIMIZATION SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS MULTIOBJECTIVE programming interactive programming

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SIMPLE - A PROGRAM-DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM

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COMPUTER LANGUAGES 1980年第2期5卷 103-114页

作者： CELENTANO, A DELLAVIGNA, P GHEZZI, C MANDRIOLI, D Istituto di Electtrotecnica ed Elettronica Politecnico di Milano Piazza L. da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy

A program development system (PDS) should support a smooth transition between design, development, debugging, testing and final production of a software system. Man-machine interaction, though necessary, should not allow the user to modify the program or its execution state in an unstructured way; rather, disciplined interaction should be enforced by the PDS. After a review of the most desirable features of a PDS, the underlying philosophy of SIMPLE, a PDS which supports the development of Pascal programs, is introduced. The general structure of the SIMPLE system and the basic implementation choices are also discussed.

关键词： programming system Top-down programming Bottom-up programming Modularity Abstraction levels Editing Binding Block-structure Intermediate language Interpreter interactive programming

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AUTOMATIC INSERTION OF INDEXING INSTRUCTIONS IN PROGRAM SYNTHESIS

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER & INFORMATION SCIENCES 1978年第1期7卷 65-90页

作者： BIERMANN, AW Department of Computer Science Duke University Durham

A algorithm is described for creating a computer program from a trace of an example calculation which may omit certain indexing operations. The technique is designed to be used in an interactive programming system that allows a user to work example computations at a display console in scratchpad fashion and that automatically synthesizes a program which can do the computations. A number of programs are given that the algorithm was used to synthesize. Finally, it is shown that this approach yields a technique for synthesizing certain computer programs from input-output information only.

关键词： Automatic programming autoprogramming example calculations indexing instructions inference interactive programming program synthesis traces

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Designing a virtual exhibition using Scalable Vector Graphics

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ASLIB PROCEEDINGS 2004年第3期56卷 144-155页

作者： Goh, DHL Wang, JCE Nanyang Technol Univ Div Informat Studies Sch Commun & Informat Singapore 2263 Singapore Natsushita Avion Syst Corp Applicat Dev & Integrat Ctr Singapore Singapore

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML-based vector graphics standard developed by the World Wide Web Consortium. The National Archives of Singapore recently launched an online virtual exhibition, Colours in the Wind, which was developed using Macromedia Flash, the most widely used format for animated and interactive vector-based Web content. The current work reports on the experiences in developing an SVG-based version of this exhibition as well as the exploration of SVG's potential for developing future virtual exhibitions as an alternative to Flash. Observations from the SVG effort are discussed together with descriptions of techniques used and the limitations and problems that SVG poses to developers. A comparative study involving the usability features of the Flash and SVG versions of the virtual exhibition is also described. Results indicate that users are positive towards SVG and suggest the viability of the technology as a development platform.

关键词： Worldwide Web archives management Singapore user satisfaction interactive programming

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Tangible functional programming

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ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES 2007年第9期42卷 59-70页

作者： Elliott, Conal M. LambdaPix

We present a user-friendly approach to unifying program creation and execution, based on a notion of "tangible values" (TVs), which are visual and interactive manifestations of pure values, including functions. programming happens by gestural composition of TVs. Our goal is to give end-users the ability to create parameterized, composable content without imposing the usual abstract and linguistic working style of programmers. We hope that such a system will put the essence of programming into the hands of many more people, and in particular people with artistic/visual creative style. In realizing this vision, we develop algebras for visual presentation and for "deep" function application, where function and argument may both be nested within a structure of tuples, functions, etc. Composition gestures are translated into chains of combinators that act simultaneously on statically typed values and their visualizations.

关键词： human factors languages theory interactive programming end-user programming gestural composition combinator libraries arrows interactive visualization

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sc3nb: a Python-SuperCollider Interface for Auditory Data Science 21

sc3nb: a Python-SuperCollider Interface for Auditory Data Sc...

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16th International Audio Mostly Conference (AM)

作者： Hermann, Thomas Reinsch, Dennis Bielefeld Univ Ambient Intelligence Grp Bielefeld Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450385695

This paper introduces sc3nb, a Python package for audio coding and interactive control of the SuperCollider programming environment. sc3nb supports Jupyter notebooks, enables flexible means for sound and music computing such as sound synthesis and analysis and is particularly tailored for sonification. We present the main concepts and interfaces and illustrate how to use sc3nb at hand of selected code examples for basic sonification approaches, such as audification and parameter-mapping sonification. Finally, we introduce TimedQueues which enable coordinated audiovisual displays, e.g. to synchronize matplotlib data and sc3nb-based sound rendition. sc3nb enables interactive sound applications right in the center of the pandas/numpy/scipy data science ecosystem. The open source package is hosted at GitHub and available via the Python Package Index PyPI.

关键词： sonification auditory data science audio coding Python interactive programming

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