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Fast-efficient algorithm of high-profile intra prediction for H.264 encoding system

IET IMAGE PROCESSING 2018年第3期12卷 329-336页

作者： Hsia, Shih-Chang Wong, Wing-Kwong Shih, Yen-Hung Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol Touliu Taiwan ACAD Tech Corp Touliu Taiwan

This study presents a fast intra-prediction algorithm for a high-profile H.264 encoder. First, a pre-decision algorithm is proposed to reject the impossible block size based on image variance. Then a fast 4x4 block prediction algorithm is proposed to select four possible modes from nine predicted modes based on the edge-filtering detection. With a hierarchical approach, the 8x8 block prediction is based on the result of the chosen 4x4 block mode. This approach selects only one to five modes of H.264 coding from nine prediction modes. Following the prediction of the 16x16 luminance block and 8x8 chrominance block is mapped by the result of the 8x8 luminance block by checking only one to two modes. The pre-decision algorithm, the fast 4x4, 8x8 and 16x16 block prediction algorithms can be combined to improve the coding speed. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can save about 70% coding time at most for intra-frame coding in the H.264 system while increasing only about 1% bit-rate with a negligible peak signal-to-noise ratio drop.

关键词： video coding edge detection high-profile H 264 encoding system fast-efficient algorithm high-profile intra prediction fast intra-prediction algorithm pre-decision algorithm image variance block prediction algorithm edge-filtering detection prediction modes luminance block chrominance block intra-frame coding

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Performance analysis, parameter selection and extensions to H.264/AVC FRExt for high resolution video coding

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JOURNAL OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION AND IMAGE REPRESENTATION 2011年第8期22卷 749-759页

作者： Deng, Chenwei Lin, Weisi Lee, Bu-sung Lau, Chiew Tong Sun, Ming-Ting Nanyang Technol Univ Singapore 639798 Singapore Univ Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA

H.264/AVC FRExt (Fidelity Range Extensions) and Motion JPEG 2000 are the current respective inter-frame and intra-frame coding standards for high resolution (HR) (e.g., 4096 x 2160) visual signals. It is commonly believed that an inter-frame method could achieve higher coding efficiency compared with an intra-frame one, due to the exploitation of video temporal redundancy. However, Motion JPEG 2000 has been selected as the digital cinema compression standard, and some existing work has demonstrated that JPEG 2000 is more suitable at HR situations. In this paper, we compare the rate-distortion (R-D) performance of these two different schemes and give more insight from both theoretical and experimental point of view. We derive an entropy-based R-D model to analyze the test results and the impact of residual entropy and quantization for inter-frame coding. Several extensions are introduced into H.264/AVC FRExt for HR video content for better performance. Experimental results show that these extensions lead to significantly higher coding efficiency and make our extended version more suitable for HR video coding (C) 2011 Elsevier inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： H.264/AVC FRExt Motion JPEG 2000 Video coding Inter-frame coding intra-frame coding High resolution Digital cinema Residual entropy

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Steganalysis of prediction mode modulated data-hiding algorithms in H.264/AVC video stream

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ANNALS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS 2014年第7-8期69卷 461-473页

作者： Li, Songbin Deng, Haojiang Tian, Hui Dai, Qiongxing Chinese Acad Sci Inst Acoust Haikou Lab Haikou 570105 Peoples R China Natl Network New Media Engn Res Ctr Beijing 100085 Peoples R China Natl Huaqiao Univ Coll Comp Sci & Technol Xiamen 361021 Peoples R China

In the intra-frame coding of H.264/AVC, information hiding can be implemented by modulating the prediction modes of 4 x 4 luminance blocks. Because such kind of methods has characteristics of high speed, good concealment, and so on, it is very suitable to build the covert communication system based on video communications and brings a great public security threat. Therefore, it is important to study its steganalysis method. In this paper, we first analyzed the changes of remarkable characteristics in intra-frame coding caused by modulating intra-prediction modes for information hiding, and found that the inherent correlation among the prediction modes in different 4 x 4 luminance blocks belonging to an intra-frame coding macroblock was changed. According to several different positional relationships of the adjacent 4 x 4 blocks in spatial domain, we designed statistical models corresponding to the prediction mode correlation to make quantitative extraction of these correlation characteristics. An information hiding detector was constructed based on the support vector machine. Based on the constructed detector, the experimental results show that the mean of the detection accuracy, recall ratio, and precision ratio are all excellent for different test video sequences.

关键词： H.264/AVC Steganalysis intra-frame coding Prediction mode correlation

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IoT-Driven Visual Surveillance: Temporal Masking for Adaptive Motion Compensation in Imaging Technology

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2024年第4期70卷 7203-7211页

作者： Siddique, Ali Akbar Ghaban, Wad Aljaedi, Amer Saeed, Faisal Alshehri, Mohammad S. Alkhayyat, Ahmed Mobarak Albarakati, Hussain Sir Syed Univ Engn & Technol Dept Telecommun Engn Karachi 75300 Pakistan Univ Tabuk Appl Coll Tabuk 47512 Saudi Arabia Univ Tabuk Coll Comp & Informat Technol Tabuk 71491 Saudi Arabia Birmingham City Univ Coll Comp & Digital Technol DAAI Res Grp Birmingham B4 7XG England Najran Univ Coll Comp Sci & Informat Syst Dept Comp Sci Najran 61441 Saudi Arabia Islamic Univ Comp Engn Technol Dept Najaf 54001 Iraq Ummul Al Qura Univ Coll Comp Comp & Network Engn Dept Mecca 24382 Saudi Arabia

Global security is a matter of critical concern that requires adoption of advanced monitoring technologies. Efficient surveillance systems comprise extensive camera networks across large areas to ensure comprehensive coverage. However, the large volume of data generated by these networks poses challenges for traditional storage and computational resources. This paper presents an innovative video compression technique that focuses on optimizing data management in visual surveillance systems by selectively masking temporal information between frames. This technique introduces a specially designed adaptive masking filter, which hides the undetectable motion in video sequences and enhances video compression. The introduced masking technique uses an adaptive masking parameter 'q' to improve frame prediction or to compensate for the masked temporal activity during decoding and achieves over 30% bit-rate reduction compared to the standard video encoding schemes, such as H.264/AVC. Moreover, the introduced technique also reduces the computational demands while keeping the quality of the output. This can be evidenced by a Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) of 33.67 dB and a Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) of 92.7% in a traffic video sequence. The proposed technique holds the potential to be used in efficient IoT-driven video surveillance systems to process video frames efficiently without compromising quality.

关键词： Streaming media Image coding Visualization Video sequences Consumer electronics Cameras Internet of Things intra-frame coding temporal masking adaptive motion compensation video surveillance imaging technology

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Wyner Ziv codec design for surveillance system using adaptive puncturing rate

Wyner Ziv codec design for surveillance system using adaptiv...

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3rd IEEE International Symposium on Control, Communications and Signal Processing (ISCCSP 2008)

作者： Asif, Muhammad Soraghan, John J. Univ Strathclyde Dept Elect & Elect Engn Glasgow G1 1XW Lanark Scotland

ISBN: (纸本)9781424416875

A multiple camera surveillance system is typical example of a Distributed Video (DV) system with many-to-one topology which demands the use of new paradigm with multiple encoders, installed at number of locations and very few decoders in a control room. This paradigm open-up new frontiers for the research community in designing low cost encoders even at the cost of expensive decoders. A solution to this problem based on information theory finding of 70s, by Slepian and Wolf [3], for lossless encoding, and followed by the work of Wyner and Ziv [5], for lossy encoding. In the last few years there has been significant research activity in the design and implementation of video codec based on these findings. Our research work is also part of that effort. In this paper we will present a modified Wyner-Ziv codec, that take advantage of slow motion activity, which is typically of surveillance data. GOP is selected dynamically by accessing motion activity and also puncturing bit rate varies adaptively. Also the proposed architecture takes advantage of intra-frame coding for both key frame and Wyner-Ziv frames.

关键词： Wyner-Ziv Slepian and Wolf dynamic GOP adaptive parity bit intra-frame coding

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Improved Line-based Image coding by Exploiting Long-Distance Correlations

Improved Line-based Image Coding by Exploiting Long-Distance...

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Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP)

作者： Peng, Xiulian Xu, Jizheng Wu, Feng Univ Sci & Technol China MSRA MOE Joint Key Lab Hefei Peoples R China Microsoft Res Asia Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780819482341

Line-based coding has shown its potential in improving the coding efficiency of intra-frame/ image coding due to its flexibility in prediction. In our previous work we proposed an efficient line-based image coding method (LIC) by adaptive line-by-line prediction (ALP) and adaptive residue coding. In this paper we further improve this line-based coding scheme by exploiting long-distance correlations in prediction. Line-by-line template matching (LTM) is introduced to perform the long-distance prediction. Experiments in the KTA software show that the LTM scheme can effectively improve the performance of LIC at low bitrates and also brings some improvement at high bitrates. Up to 1db gain is achieved compared to previous LIC and 1.5db compared to KTA on images with regular patterns or strong edges. Up to 20% rate reduction over KTA is also achieved on some standard video sequences with different resolutions.

关键词： image coding intra-frame coding prediction template matching

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1080P 60HZ intra-frame CODEC BASED ON RGB COLOR SPACE FOR WIRELESS AV STREAMING

1080P 60HZ INTRA-FRAME CODEC BASED ON RGB COLOR SPACE FOR WI...

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16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Song, Byung Cheol Yi, Yongseok Lee, Yun-Gu Ko, Jun Hyuk Kim, Tae Hee Inha Univ Inchon South Korea Samsung Elect Co Ltd Seoul South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781424456536

To achieve high visual quality of intra-frame coding in order to minimize the visual quality degradation caused by color loss, the authors previously presented an RGB-domain inter-color compensation algorithm using strong correlation between RGB color components. Based on that inter-color compensation algorithm, this paper presents a 1080p 60Hz CODEC system architecture designed to process a bit-rate of up to approximately 100Mbps in real time. Both the encoding and decoding processes are pipelined on a macroblock level. Since syntax processing is a bottleneck to supporting speeds of up to 100Mbps, a high performance context-adaptive variable length coding architecture exploiting the look-ahead technique is included in the proposed design. The final chip implementation can achieve real-time encoding and decoding of 1080p 60Hz videos with reasonable hardware cost and operating clock frequency.

关键词： RGB intra-frame coding inter-color compensation 1080p 60Hz

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Encounter CU Again: History-Based Complexity Reduction Strategy for VVC intra-frame Encoder 23

Encounter CU Again: History-Based Complexity Reduction Strat...

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23rd IEEE International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (IEEE MMSP)

作者： Cao, Jian Jia, Yifan Liang, Fan Wang, Jun Sun Yat Sen Univ Sch Elect & Informat Technol Guangzhou Peoples R China Sun Yat Sen Univ Sch Microelect Sci & Technol Zhuhai Peoples R China Peng Cheng Lab Shenzhen Peoples R China Southern Marine Sci & Engn Guangdong Lab Zhuhai Zhuhai Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665432870

Due to the newly adopted Quad Tree with Nested Multi-Type Tree (QTMT) partitioning scheme in Versatile Video coding (VVC), multiple partitioning combinations can lead to the same coding Unit (CU) structure. In other words, a CU may be encoded more than once. Based on this feature, a history-based complexity reduction strategy is proposed to accelerate VVC intra-frame coding with extremely low coding losses. Firstly, analyses of the relationship between the 1st round CUs (encoded at the first time) and the following rounds CUs (encountered again and already analyzed in previous partitioning attempts) are provided. Correspondingly, some unnecessary partitioning types are identified and early terminated. Secondly, a hierarchical pruning algorithm is designed, where thresholds are adjusted adaptively in the 1st round and used for pruning in the following rounds. To our knowledge, it is the first attempt to apply this history-based feature to accelerate partitioning for VVC intra-frame coding. Results show that these strategies can achieve 20% encoding time saving (TS) with only 0.18% BDBR increase. In addition, there is a huge potential for High-Resolution videos (21% TS with only 0.1% BDBR increase for 4K sequences). Compared to other works, our method achieves a considerably high TS/BDBR ratio, which indicates a better tradeoff between coding efficiency and complexity.

关键词： VVC intra-frame coding QTMT Complexity Reduction

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Efficient sign language video representation

Efficient sign language video representation

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15th International Conference on Systems, Signals and Image Processing

作者： Kountchev, R. Todorov, Vl. Kountcheva, R. Tech Univ Sofia Dept Radio Commun Bul Kl Ohridsky 8 Sofia Bulgaria T&K Engn Sofia Bulgaria

ISBN: (纸本)9788022728560

In the paper is presented one new approach for efficient presentation of video sign language interpretations, used in training of hearing impaired people. The idea is based on the use of contour image sequences instead of the original color ones. The aim is to achieve efficient compression, which to offer easier access for distance learning applications or mobile communications. The contours extraction is based on image filtration and background equalization, followed by image segmentation and lossless intra-frame compression of the consecutive TV frames of the video interpretations. In result, the understandability of the sign language interpretations is retained. The high compression ratio obtained ensures easier accessibility for the presented information. The comparison with other similar methods proved the efficiency of the new approach. http://***/stamp/***?tp=&arnumber=4604396

关键词： sign language interpretation lossless and lossy compression intra-frame coding contour extraction

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DIRECTIONAL FILTERING TRANSFORM

DIRECTIONAL FILTERING TRANSFORM

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IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo

作者： Peng, Xiulian Wu, Feng Xu, Jizheng Univ Sci & Technol China Hefei 230027 Peoples R China Microsoft Res Asia Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Dept Elect Engn Inst Image Commun & Informat Proc Shanghai Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Shanghai Key Lab Digital Media Proc & Transmiss Shanghai Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424442904

This paper proposes the directional filtering transform (dFT, in order to distinguish from the common usage on DFT) to better exploit intra-frame correlation in H.264 intra-frame coding. It consists of a directional filtering and an optional DCT transform. In the proposed directional filtering, there are two different approaches. One is the uni-directional filtering (UDF) that is similar to H.264 directional intra prediction. In this approach, only samples from neighboring blocks can be used in prediction. Another is bidirectional filtering (BDF) that exploits the correlations among samples from not only neighboring blocks but also the current block. The prediction structure in this approach is hierarchical multi-layer. In this paper, we present mathematical analyses on UDF and BDF and show the advantage to combine them together. The proposed dFT is integrated into H.264 intra-frame coding too. The preliminary experimental results in H.264 demonstrate its superiority.

关键词： H.264 intra-frame coding directional filtering directional transform

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