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VLSI ARCHITECTURAL ASSESSMENT OF STANDARD IMAGE-coding SYSTEMS

ANNALES DES TELECOMMUNICATIONS-ANNALS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS 1991年第1-2期46卷 121-141页

作者： PRIVAT, G RENAUDIN, M CNET-Grenoble BP 98 Meylan Cedex

Image coding systems currently undergoing standardisation within ISO and CCITT are the final outcome of a process of incremental improvements to classical hybrid (transform-predictive) algorithms. The task of VLSI architecture synthesis for these complete systems is made somewhat awkward due to the unstructured, irregular and non-modular nature of these algorithms. An ad hoc methodology for pruning the architectural search space, directed by the goal of minimizing the overall internal memory, leads to a strongly control-flow solution, using a pipeline scheme more efficient than with the original signal-flow graph. A generic image coding processor using a parallel programmable architecture is another solution. It may be inferred that second generation image coding techniques should be designed with massive fine-grain parallelism in view, if they are to take advantage of the full potential of dedicated VLSI implementations.

关键词： IMAGE coding VLSI CIRCUIT CODEC PARALLEL PROCESSING ALGORITHM FIXED IMAGE MOVING IMAGE INTERFRAME coding intraframe coding METHODOLOGY

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Quantization of LSF parameters using a trellis modeling

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SPEECH AND AUDIO PROCESSING 2003年第5期11卷 400-412页

作者： Lahouti, F Khandani, AK Univ Waterloo Dept Elect & Comp Engn Coding & Signal Transmiss Lab Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada

An efficient Block-based Trellis Quantization (BTQ) scheme is proposed for the quantization of the Line Spectral Frequencies (LSF) in speech coding applications. The scheme is based on the modeling of the LSF intraframe dependencies with a trellis structure. The ordering property and the fact that LSF parameters are bounded within a range is explicitly incorporated in the trellis model. BTQ search and design algorithms are discussed and an efficient algorithm for the index generation (finding the index of a path in the trellis) is presented. Also the Sequential Vector Decorrelation Technique is presented to effectively exploit the intraframe correlation of LSF parameters within the trellis. Based on the proposed Block-based. Trellis Quantizer, two intraframe schemes and one interframe scheme are proposed. Comparisons to the Split-VQ [13], the Trellis Coded Quantization of LSF parameters [15], and the Multi-Stage VQ [12], as well as the interframe scheme used in IS-641 EFRC [28] and the GSM AMR codec [29] are provided. These results demonstrate that the proposed BTQ schemes outperform the above systems.

关键词： addressing CELP interframe coding intraframe coding LPC LSF quantization quantizer design speech coding trellis modeling

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Source coding of wavelet-transformed digital HDTV for recording applications

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-VISION IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 1996年第1期143卷 1-9页

作者： Vlachos, T BBC R&D Kingswood Warren Tadworth United Kingdom

A novel intraframe source-coding algorithm suitable for the recording of digital high-definition television signals is presented. A multilayered, hierarchical description of the source signal is obtained by means of a quad-tree, halfband wavelet transform. This transform decomposes the input signal into a collection of spectrally nonoverlapping sub-bands. These are used to influence the allocation of the available coding resources to the various layers, so that the integrity of visually significant features can be preserved. Individual sub-bands are quantised and entropy coded by using a predictive arithmetic coding technique. The algorithm is tuned to achieve bit-rate reduction ratios in the range 8:1 - 4:1 which is most useful for recording applications. Results obtained from simulating the coding algorithm show noticeable improvement over the current state-of-the-art international standard algorithm for still picture encoding, both in terms of subjective quality and of measured mean-square error.

关键词： intraframe coding image compression digital HDTV predictive arithmetic coding

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HYBRID CODERS WITH MOTION COMPENSATION

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MULTIDIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 1992年第2-3期3卷 241-266页

作者： CHEN, CF PANG, KK Video Communication Group Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Monash University Clayton Australia

This paper investigates analytically the effects of motion compensation in a coder based on the observed properties of motion-compensated frame difference (MCFD) signals. The AR(1) processes with a given pixel-to-pixel autocorrelation coefficient will be used to model the interframe images. For interframe motion, each image is allowed to have both moving and nonmoving parts, with the moving parts executing a range of translational motion. From this mathematical model, the statistical characteristics of MCFD signals am derived. Motion compensation gain, 2-D intraframe transform gain, and hybrid gain are next evaluated to ascertain their suitability for the coding process. Experimental results on the Trevor sequence seem to confirm the model and conform with its analytical results.

关键词： MOTION COMPENSATION MOTION ESTIMATION INTERFRAME coding intraframe coding HYBRID coding CORRELATION MATRIX DISTORTION RATE FUNCTION

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Intra- and inter-frame prediction in bandwidth scalable coding of wideband speech

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IET SIGNAL PROCESSING 2011年第2期5卷 164-170页

作者： Song, G. -B. Samsung Elect Co Ltd Elect Examinat Div Elect & Elect Examinat Bur Taejon 302701 South Korea

This study discusses a predictive coding scheme that utilises both the intra-frame correlation (here referred to as redundancy between frequency bands) and inter-frame correlation in bandwidth scalable coding of wideband speech. Prediction error filters that combine intra-frame prediction with inter-frame prediction in a cascade connection are examined. Three representative intra-frame functions that have been developed in the area of bandwidth extension (BWE) are considered to see how well they exploit the intra-frame correlation. In addition, some resulting changes are investigated when they are combined with the predictive vector quantiser that exploits the inter-frame correlation. The performances of the Gaussian mixture model-based and hidden Markov model-based BWE functions are similar in the context of intra-frame coding, but both of them significantly outperform the linear BWE function in the same context. However, it is also observed that the linear function is the most promising in the context of the joint predictive coding of intra-frame and inter-frame. These results are supported by some statistical tests.

关键词： hidden Markov model bandwidth scalable coding correlation methods prediction error filters bandwidth extension quantisation (signal) wideband speech coding Filtering methods in signal processing speech coding statistical testing intraframe coding Speech and audio coding Gaussian processes linear BWE function hidden Markov models Gaussian mixture model Speech processing techniques interframe correlation prediction predictive vector quantiser intraframe correlation prediction filtering theory predictive coding scheme Markov processes statistical tests

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Comparison of techniques for intra-frame coding of arbitrarily shaped video object boundary blocks

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 1999年第7期9卷 1009-1012页

作者： Philips, W State Univ Ghent Dept Telecommun & Informat Proc B-9000 Ghent Belgium

This paper presents experimental results that demonstrate that the weakly separable polynomial orthonormal transform outperforms the shape adaptive discrete cosine transform (SADCT) and the recently introduced improved SADCT with adc correction at the expense of a nonprohibitive increase in the number of computations. Some other improvements to SADCT-like schemes are also suggested.

关键词： intraframe coding shape adaptive discrete cosine transform (SADCT) video coding

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Single and double frame coding of speech LPC parameters using a lattice-based quantization scheme

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUDIO SPEECH AND LANGUAGE PROCESSING 2006年第5期14卷 1624-1632页

作者： Lahouti, Farshad Fazel, Ahmad Reza Safavi-Naeini, Amir H. Khandani, Amir K. Univ Tehran Dept Elect & Comp Engn Tehran Iran Univ Waterloo Dept Elect & Comp Engn Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada

A lattice-based scheme for the single-frame and the double-frame quantization of the speech line spectral frequency parameters is proposed. The lattice structure provides a low-complexity vector quantization framework, which is implemented using a trellis structure. In the single-frame scheme, the intraframe dependencies are exploited using a linear predictor. In the double-frame scheme, the parameters of two consecutive frames are jointly quantized and hence the interframe dependencies are also exploited. A switched scheme is also considered in which, lattice-based double-frame and single-frame quantization is performed for each two frame and the one which results in a lower distortion is chosen. Comparisons to the Split-VQ [13], the Multi-Stage VQ [12], the Trellis Coded Quantization [15], the interframe Block-Based Trellis Quantizer [17], and the interframe scheme used in IS-641 EFRC [26] and the GSM AMR codec [28] are provided. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed lattice-based quantization schemes, while maintaining a very low complexity. Finally, the issue of the robustness to channel errors is investigated.

关键词： CELP interframe coding intraframe coding lattice-based quantization LPC LSF quantization speech coding

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General requirements for coding oriented segmentation of video-sequences

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ANNALS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS 1997年第7-8期52卷 359-366页

作者： Marques, F Meyer, F Pardas, M Salembier, P ECOLE MINES CTR MORPHOL MATH F-77305 FONTAINEBLEAU FRANCE

This paper deals with the basic requirements that should be fulfilled by a technique for segmenting video sequences in coding applications. The specific problems of coding-oriented video segmentation are analyzed. This way intra-frame and inter-frame segmentation approaches are studied. In the inter-frame mode, the problems of temporal label coherence and connectivity in the coding framework are discussed and solutions are presented.

关键词： image processing image coding segmentation moving image intraframe coding interframe coding temporal coherence space processing

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Motion compensated refinement for low complexity pixel based distributed video coding

Motion compensated refinement for low complexity pixel based...

引用

IEEE Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance

作者： Ascenso, J Brites, C Pereira, F Inst Super Engn Lisboa Inst Telecommun Lisbon Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)0780393856

Distributed video coding (DVC) is a new coding paradigm that enables to exploit video statistics, partially or totally at the decoder. A particular case of DVC, Wyner-Ziv coding, deals with lossy source coding with side information at the decoder and allows a shift of complexity from the encoder to the decoder, theoretically without any penalty in the coding efficiency. The Wyner-Ziv solution here described encodes each video frame independently (intraframe coding), but decodes the same frame conditionally (interframe decoding). At the decoder, motion estimation and compensation tools are responsible to obtain an accurate interpolation of the original frame using previously decoded (temporally adjacent) frames. This paper proposes a novel approach to improve the performance of pixel domain Wyner-Ziv video coding by using a motion compensated refinement of the decoded frame and use it as improved side information. More precisely, upon partial decoding of each frame, the decoder refines its motion trajectories in order to achieve a better reconstruction of the decoded frame.

关键词： computational complexity decoding motion compensation motion estimation source coding video coding Wyner-Ziv coding decoded frame distributed video coding interframe decoding intraframe coding lossy source coding low complexity pixel motion compensated r

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Shape representation and coding of visual objets in multimedia applications - An overview

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Annales des Telecommunications/Annals of Telecommunications 1998年第5-6期53卷 164-178页

作者： Le Buhan Jordan, Corinne Bhattacharjee, Sushil Bossen, Frank Jordan, Frédéric Ebrahimi, Touradj Signal Processing Laboratory Swiss Fed. Inst. Technol. L. CH - 1015 Lausanne Switzerland

Emerging multimedia applications have created the need for new functionalities in digital communications. Whereas existing compression standards only deal with the audio-visual scene at a frame level, it is now necessary to handle individual objects separately, thus allowing scalable transmission as well as interactive scene recomposition by the receiver. The future MPEG-4 standard aims at providing compression tools addressing these functionalities. Unlike existing frame-based standards, the corresponding coding schemes need to encode shape information explicitly. This paper reviews existing solutions to the problem of shape representation and coding. Region and contour coding techniques are presented and their performance is discussed, considering coding efficiency and rate-distortion control capability, as well as flexibility to application requirements such as progressive transmission, low-delay coding, and error robustness.

关键词： Edge detection Geometrical shape Image coding Information compression Interframe coding intraframe coding Multimedia sercice Object oriented method Rewiew Standardization

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