Lamb wave tomography (LWT) is a potential and efficient technique for non-destructive tomographic reconstruction of damage images in structural components or materials. A new two-stage inverse algorithm with a small a...
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Lamb wave tomography (LWT) is a potential and efficient technique for non-destructive tomographic reconstruction of damage images in structural components or materials. A new two-stage inverse algorithm with a small amount of scanning data for quickly reconstructing damage images in aluminum and CFRP laminated plates was proposed in this paper. Due to its high sensitivity to damages, the amplitude decrease of transmitted Lamb waves after travelling through the inspected region was employed as a key signal parameter related to the attenuation of Lamb waves in propagation routes. A through-thickness circular hole and a through-thickness elliptical hole in two aluminum plates, and an impact induced invisible internal delamination in a CFRP laminated plate were used to validate the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method. it was concluded that the present new algorithm was capable of reconstructing the images of the above mentioned various damages successfully with much less experimental data compared with those needed by some traditional techniques.
A new multifrequency inverse algorithm is presented based on the improved variational Born iterative method (VBIM) for 3-D quantitative microwave imaging (MWI). The proposed method is capable of reconstructing the 3-D...
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A new multifrequency inverse algorithm is presented based on the improved variational Born iterative method (VBIM) for 3-D quantitative microwave imaging (MWI). The proposed method is capable of reconstructing the 3-D dielectric relaxation model using measured data acquired at multiple transmit frequencies. A least-squares optimization using the conjugate gradient method with Tikhonov regularization is applied at each VBIM step to relax the memory requirements. For evaluating the algorithm performance, two experiments are conducted with our newly designed MWI system, and image reconstruction is performed under black-box conditions with no a priori information. The phantom models in these experiments are: 1) a single ping-pong ball filled with 75% isopropyl-25% water mixture submerged into a plastic cup filled with 90% isopropyl-10% water mixture and 2) a coplanar distributed object consisting of five ping-pong balls filled with water at the same vertical level. Reconstructed 3-D dielectric images demonstrate the accuracy of our proposed VBIM-based multifrequency inverse algorithm using measured data with no a priori information.
A full-scale finite-element model of a slab and its mold is developed to predict the appearance of longitudinal cracks during continuous casting, in which the measured data are combined with the model through an inver...
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A full-scale finite-element model of a slab and its mold is developed to predict the appearance of longitudinal cracks during continuous casting, in which the measured data are combined with the model through an inverse algorithm. The simulation results show that the stress distributions in the slab are not symmetrical, reflecting the non-uniformity of the thermo-mechanical behavior. The longitudinal crack sensitivity index is highest at 60-100 mm below the meniscus, and the position of an actual longitudinal crack agrees well with the calculated result. This illustrates the validity of the proposed method for predicting longitudinal cracks, and hence demonstrates the necessity of building the full-scale model integrated with measured data.
The non-uniform friction and lubrication are key factors that affect the slab quality during continuous casting. In order to present the complicated friction behavior of slab in the mold, a friction calculation model ...
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The non-uniform friction and lubrication are key factors that affect the slab quality during continuous casting. In order to present the complicated friction behavior of slab in the mold, a friction calculation model was built based on a full-scale heat transfer model. An inverse algorithm was applied to calculate the real heat flux by measuring temperatures from thermocouples buried in various locations of the mold. ANSYS software was used to solve the finite-element equations. The results showed that the friction state of the slab surface progressed from a liquid friction zone to a mixed friction zone, and then to a solid friction zone from the meniscus. In the casting direction, the liquid frictional stress gradually increased, which was between 0 and 1 kPa;the mixed frictional stress rapidly increased from 1 to 15 kPa;the solid frictional stress increased linearly, reaching 28.4 kPa at the exit. The slag solidification temperature, slag crystallization temperature and superheat could affect the states of liquid, solid or mixed friction.
The inverse problem in geophysics is to infer the vertical structure from the observed data. The crucial assumption in deriving inversion algorithms obtained for different elementary layer structures. Much of the prev...
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The inverse problem in geophysics is to infer the vertical structure from the observed data. The crucial assumption in deriving inversion algorithms obtained for different elementary layer structures. Much of the previous work on this problem for the case of plane wave at normal incidence has consisted of deriving a Schrodinger equation from the basic acoustic and stress-strain equations, and then reconstructing the potential appearing in this equation by using the Gelfand-Levitan procedure. We shall be concerned with structures in which the unknown coefficient has jump discontinuities. Here the unknown potential in the corresponding Gelfand-Levitan framework is highly singular, so much so that the theory breaks down. In this paper it is presented an inversion algorithm based on the Riccati equation,which avoids to solve the problem of singularity. The model experiment was conducted in a sewage pool of a factory. The final result of inversion agrecd well with the direct experimental observation.
Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS), a nondestructive testing technology based on free resonance frequencies, can be employed to derive all anisotropic elastic constants in one test. In the inverse framework, the i...
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Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS), a nondestructive testing technology based on free resonance frequencies, can be employed to derive all anisotropic elastic constants in one test. In the inverse framework, the iterative algorithm is applied to constantly update elastic parameters in the calculation model to minimize the relative error between calculated and observed resonance frequencies. The process has a significant impact on the elastic identification efficiency. In this paper, existing inverse algorithms are evaluated by fitting error, iteration time and uncertainty in results to provide a basis for algorithm investigation. For rapid testing demands, the algorithm, in which fuzzy logic is introduced to adaptively modify the parameter in particle swarm optimization (PSO), is devised to solve the inverse issue. It has been proven to have the lowest final fitting error and superior repeatability independent of initial guesses. The calculation time is reduced by 15% and 52.9% for TC4 and human cortical bone compared with PSO, respectively. Furthermore, it still attains the best convergence performance for human cortical bone with one-third of measured resonance frequencies missing due to high material loss. The proposed inverse approach aims to accomplish rapid determination of low-symmetry elastic constants with imperfect measurement information.
The intrinsic heterogeneity property of concrete causes strong multiple scatterings during wave propagation, forming coda wave that follows very complex trajectories. As a superposition of multiply scattered waves, co...
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The intrinsic heterogeneity property of concrete causes strong multiple scatterings during wave propagation, forming coda wave that follows very complex trajectories. As a superposition of multiply scattered waves, coda wave shows great sensitivity to subtle changes, but meanwhile lose spatial resolution. To make use of its sensitivity and turn the limitation into advantage, this paper presents an experimental study of three-dimensionally imaging local changes in concrete by application of inverse algorithms to coda wave measurements. Load tests are performed on a large reinforced concrete beam that contains multiple pre-existing millimeter-scale cracks in order to match real life situation. The joint effects of cracks and stresses on coda waves have been monitored using a network of fixed transducers placed at the surface. The global waveform decorrelations and velocity variations are firstly quantified through coda wave interferometry technique. Subsequently, two inverse algorithms are independently applied to map the densities of changes at each localized position. Using this methodology, the stress changes and subtle cracks in the concrete beam are detected and imaged for both temporal and spatial domains.
The distortion of mold plates plays an important role in the formation of surface cracks on continuously cast steel products. To investigate the non-uniform distortion of a mold, a full-scale stress model of the mold ...
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The distortion of mold plates plays an important role in the formation of surface cracks on continuously cast steel products. To investigate the non-uniform distortion of a mold, a full-scale stress model of the mold was de veloped. An inverse algorithm was applied to calculate the heat flux using the temperatures measured by the thermo- couples buried inside the mold plates. Based on this, a full-scale, finite-element stress model, including four copper plates, a nickel layer and water slots in different depths, was built to determine the complex mechanical behavior of the continuous casting mold used to produce steel slabs. The heat flux calculated by the inverse algorithm was applied to the stress model to analyze the non-uniform mechanical behavior. The results showed that the stress and distortion distributions of the four copper plates were not symmetrical, which reflected the non-uniform distortion behaviors of copper plates, water slots, nickel layer and the corner region of the mold. The gap between the mold and the slab was increased because of the corner distortion, which was very important for the heat transfer of initial solidifying shell, and it may be a major reason for the slow cooling of the slab corner.
A full finite-element model of a mold, including four copper plates, nickel layer and water slots of different depths, was developed to reveal the complex thermal behavior of molds in slab continuous casting. An inver...
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A full finite-element model of a mold, including four copper plates, nickel layer and water slots of different depths, was developed to reveal the complex thermal behavior of molds in slab continuous casting. An inverse algorithm was applied to calculate the heat flux and combined with the temperatures measured using thermocouples that were buried in different positions of the mold. The temperature distributions of the four copper plates are not symmetric, reflecting the non-uniform nature of heat transfer and the necessity of building a full model. The maximum hot surface temperature of the mold occurs in the region 70-100mm below the meniscus. At heights 100 mm below the meniscus, the average temperature of the deep water slot root is higher than that of the shallow water slot by approximately 10 degrees C. In the off-corner regions, the hot surface temperature differences between the narrow face and wide face near the corners are approximately 20-30 degrees C 100 mm below the meniscus. It will provide a helpful tool for further improving the casting parameters and operations. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A full-scale finite element model of a slab and its mold was developed to reveal the complex thermo-mechanical behaviors of slab in a vertical caster during continuous casting. An inverse algorithm was applied to calc...
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A full-scale finite element model of a slab and its mold was developed to reveal the complex thermo-mechanical behaviors of slab in a vertical caster during continuous casting. An inverse algorithm was applied to calculate the heat flux and combined with the temperatures measured using thermocouples that were buried in different positions of the mold. The model was validated by comparing the calculated temperature with the measured ones. The results show that the thermal and mechanical states of the slab are not symmetric, reflecting the non-uniform nature of thermo-mechanical behaviors and hence the necessity of formulating a full-scale model. It will provide a helpful tool for further improving and optimizing the operation parameters for continuous casting slab.
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