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30th IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER)

作者： Li, Zhe Xie, Fei Portland State Univ Portland OR 97207 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781665452786

javascript (JS) has evolved into a versatile and popular programming language for not only the web, but also a wide range of server-side and client-side applications. Effective, efficient, and easy-to-use testing techniques for JS scripts are in great demand. In this paper, we introduce a holistic approach to applying concolic testing to JS scripts in-situ, i.e., JS scripts are executed in their native environments as part of concolic execution and test cases generated are directly replayed in these environments. We have implemented this approach in the context of ***, a JS runtime built on top of Chrome's V8 JS engine, and evaluated its effectiveness and efficiency through application to 180 *** libraries with heavy use of string operations. For 85% of these libraries, it achieved statement coverage ranging between 75% and 100%, a close match in coverage with the hand-crafted unit test suites accompanying their NPM releases. Our approach detected numerous exceptions in these libraries. We analyzed the exception reports for 12 representative libraries and found 6 bugs in these libraries, 4 of which are previously undetected. The bug reports and patches that we filed for these bugs have been accepted by the library developers on GitHub.

关键词： javascript Symbolic Execution

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Precise display time measurement in javascript for web-based experiments

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BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS 2023年第3期55卷 1079-1093页

作者： Lukacs, Gaspar Gartus, Andreas Univ Vienna Fac Psychol Dept Cognit Emot & Methods Psychol Vienna Austria Aoyama Gakuin Univ Shibuya Ku 4-4-25 Shibuya Tokyo 1508366 Japan

Conducting research via the Internet is a formidable and ever-increasingly popular option for behavioral scientists. However, it is widely acknowledged that web-browsers are not optimized for research: In particular, the timing of display changes (e.g., a stimulus appearing on the screen), still leaves room for improvement. So far, the typically recommended best (or least bad) timing method has been a single requestAnimationFrame (RAF) javascript function call within which one would give the display command and obtain the time of that display change. In our Study 1, we assessed two alternatives: Calling the RAF twice consecutively, or calling the RAF during a continually ongoing independent loop of recursive RAF calls. While the former has shown little or no improvement as compared to single RAF calls, with the latter we significantly and substantially improved overall precision, and achieved practically faultless precision in most practical cases. Our two basic methods for effecting display changes, plain text change and canvas color filling, proved equally efficient. In Study 2, we reassessed the "RAF loop" timing method with image elements in combination with three different display methods: We found that the precision remained high when using either visibility or opacity changes - while drawing on a canvas element consistently led to comparatively lower precision. We recommend the "RAF loop" display timing method for improved precision in future studies, and visibility or opacity changes when using image stimuli. We publicly share the easy-to-use code for this method, exactly as employed in our studies.

关键词： Computer Display Timing Measurement javascript Precision Online research

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Sampo-UI: A full stack javascript framework for developing semantic portal user interfaces

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SEMANTIC WEB 2022年第1期13卷 69-84页

作者： Ikkala, Esko Hyvonen, Eero Rantala, Heikki Koho, Mikko Aalto Univ Dept Comp Sci Semant Comp Res Grp SeCo Espoo Finland Univ Helsinki HELDIG Helsinki Ctr Digital Humanities Helsinki Finland

This paper presents a new software framework, SAMPO-UI, for developing user interfaces for semantic portals. The goal is to provide the end-user with multiple application perspectives to Linked Data knowledge graphs, and a two-step usage cycle based on faceted search combined with ready-to-use tooling for data analysis. For the software developer, the SAMPO-UI framework makes it possible to create highly customizable, user-friendly, and responsive user interfaces using current state-of-the-art javascript libraries and data from SPARQL endpoints, while saving substantial coding effort. SAMPO-UI is published on GitHub under the open MIT License and has been utilized in several internal and external projects. The framework has been used thus far in creating six published and five forth-coming portals, mostly related to the Cultural Heritage domain, that have had tens of thousands of end-users on the Web.

关键词： Linked Data semantic portal user interface web application javascript software framework

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Demo: A Functional EDSL for Mathematics Visualization That Compiles to javascript 11

Demo: A Functional EDSL for Mathematics Visualization That C...

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11th ACM SIGPLAN International Workshop on Functional Art, Music, Modelling, and Design (FARM)

作者： Beharry, Allister Univ London London England

ISBN: (纸本)9798400702952

Visualizations are a critical part of mathematics practice and education, and computers and open-source web technologies provide accessible ways to create high-quality mathematics visualizations at virtually no cost. However libraries and languages to create visualizations for mathematics are typically fine-grained, low-level, and targeted to vector graphics domain experts or web developers, not mathematics students or teachers or end-users. We present demos of Sylvester: a functional domain-specific language interface to the JSX-Graph visualization library embedded in F# that emphasizes readability, composability, and the ability of end-users to easily create and manipulate elements of high-quality interactive mathematics visualizations without needing vector graphics or web development domain knowledge.

关键词： dsl f# mathematics visualization javascript

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REXSTEPPER: a Reference Debugger for javascript Regular Expressions 23

REXSTEPPER: a Reference Debugger for JavaScript Regular Expr...

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45th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE)

作者： Almeida, Luis Gonzaga, Miguel Santos, Jose Fragoso Abreu, Rui Inst Super Tecn Lisbon Portugal Inst Super Tecn INESC ID Lisbon Portugal FEUP INESC ID Porto Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9798350322637

Regular expressions are notoriously difficult to get right, with developers often having to resort to trial-and-error approaches. Even so, little attention has been given by the research community to the development of effective debugging tools for regular expressions. We present REXSTEPPER, a reference debugger for troubleshooting javascript regular expressions in the browser. REXSTEPPER is implemented on top of REXREF, a trusted reference implementation of javascript (ECMAScript 5) regular expressions, which works by transpiling the given regular expression to a javascript function that recognises its expansions. We demonstrate the usefulness of REXSTEPPER by successfully using it to troubleshoot a benchmark of 18 faulty regular expressions obtained from the Stack Overflow and Stack Exchange websites.

关键词： javascript regular expressions debuggers

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Optimizing Asynchronous javascript Applications

Optimizing Asynchronous JavaScript Applications

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作者： Turcotte, Alexi Northeastern University

学位级别：Ph.D., Doctor of Philosophy

javascript is arguably today’s most popular programming language, and it is ubiquitous as the “language of the web”. It is dynamically typed, meaning that programmers do not write type annotations, and beyond this it also has a nonrestrictive dynamic semantics. This makes it easy for programmers to write code that runs, though determining if the code is correct or efficient is an entirely different story. Concretely, javascript’s dynamism renders sound and precise static analysis of the language extremely difficult. This complicates the development of tooling for javascript which could help programmers write correct and efficient code. Sound and precise analysis of javascript is beyond the state of the art, and in this thesis we explore the effectiveness of using unsound analysis to build tools to detect and remediate inefficiencies in asynchronous javascript programs. We explore the following thesis statement: Unsound analysis of asynchronous javascript applications yields actionable insights and effective optimizations. We support this statement with four approaches to detect and remediate sub-optimal anti-patterns in various application domains. Promising results in all cases suggest that perfect is the enemy of good, and that unsound approaches are viable and useful for improving javascript code.

关键词： Dynamic languages javascript Program analysis Programming languages Refactoring Software engineering

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To Block or Not to Block: Accelerating Mobile Web Pages On-The-Fly Through javascript Classification

To Block or Not to Block: Accelerating Mobile Web Pages On-T...

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International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development (ICTD)

作者： Chaqfeh, Moumena Haseeb, Muhammad Hashmi, Waleed Inshuti, Patrick Ramesh, Manesha Varvello, Matteo Subramanian, Lakshmi Zaffar, Fareed Zaki, Yasir NYUAD Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates LUMS Lahore Pakistan Nokia Bell Labs New Providence NJ USA NYU New York NY USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450387620

The increasing complexity of javascript (JS) in modern mobile web pages has become a performance bottleneck for low-end mobile phone users, especially in developing regions. In this paper we propose SlimWeb, a novel approach that automatically derives lightweight versions of mobile web pages on-the-fly by eliminating non-essential javascript that does not impact the core page content and interactive functionality. SlimWeb consists of a javascript classification service powered by a supervised Machine Learning (ML) model that provides insights into each javascript element embedded in a web page. SlimWeb aims to improve the web browsing experience by predicting the class of each element, such that essential elements are preserved and non-essential elements are blocked by the browsers using the service. We motivate SlimWeb's core design via a preference survey where 306 users overwhelmingly preferred having faster page load times over fetching various categories of non-essential javascript. We evaluate SlimWeb across 500 popular web pages in a developing region on real cellular networks, along with a user experience study with 20 real-world users and a usage willingness survey of 588 users. Evaluation results show that SlimWeb achieves 50% reduction in page load time compared to the original pages, and more than 30% reduction compared to competing solutions, while achieving high similarity scores to the original pages measured via a qualitative evaluation study with 62 users. SlimWeb improves the overall user experience metric (defined by Google Lighthouse combining first contentful paint, time to interactive, speed index) by more than 60% compared to the original pages, while maintaining 90-100% of the visual and functional components of most pages.

关键词： Mobile Web javascript Classification User Experience

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An Exploratory Study of Analyzing javascript Online Code Clones 30

An Exploratory Study of Analyzing JavaScript Online Code Clo...

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30th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC)

作者： Misu, Md Rakib Hossain Satter, Abdus Univ Calif Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA Univ Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh

ISBN: (纸本)9781450392983

Online code clones occur due to reusing code snippets in software repositories from online resources such as GitHub and Stack Overflow. Previous works have shown that snippets from Stack Overflow are reused in other open-source projects and vice versa. Analysis of online code reusing patterns could identify outdated code, understand developers' practices, and help to design new code search engines. This study analyzed javascript online code clones between Stack Overflow and GitHub repositories. We first developed a javascript code corpus to search online clones. The clone search results reported 12,579 online clones between 276,547 non-trivial syntactically validated Stack Overflow snippets and 292 GitHub repositories. We manually classified the top 10% (1257) pairs of clones in seven online clone patterns. We observed that around 70% of javascript snippets in Stack Overflow posts are copied from GitHub repositories or from other external sources. Moreover, only 30.59% of javascript Snippets in Stack Overflow accepted answers could be considered as reusable snippets.

关键词： Code Clone javascript Stack Overflow GitHub

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Towards javascript program repair with Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT-2) 3

Towards JavaScript program repair with Generative Pre-traine...

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International Workshop on Automated Program Repair (APR)

作者： Lajko, Mark Csuvik, Viktor Vidacs, Laszlo Univ Szeged Dept Software Engn MTA SZTE Res Grp Artificial Intelligence Szeged Hungary

ISBN: (纸本)9781450392853

The goal of Automated Program Repair (APR) is to find a fix to software bugs, without human intervention. The so-called Generate and Validate (G&V) approach deemed to be the most popular method in the last few years, where the APR tool creates a patch and it is validated against an oracle. Recent years for Natural Language Processing (NLP) were of great interest, with new pre-trained models shattering records on tasks ranging from sentiment analysis to question answering. Usually these deep learning models inspire the APR community as well. These approaches usually require a large dataset on which the model can be trained (or fine-tuned) and evaluated. The criterion to accept a patch depends on the underlying dataset, but usually the generated patch should be exactly the same as the one created by a human developer. As NLP models are more and more capable to form sentences, and the sentences will form coherent paragraphs, the APR tools are also better and better at generating syntactically and semantically correct source code. As the Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) model is now available to everyone thanks to the NLP and AI research community, it can be fine-tuned to specific tasks (not necessarily on natural language). In this work we use the GPT-2 model to generate source code, to the best of our knowledge, the GPT-2 model was not used for Automated Program Repair so far. The model is fine-tuned for a specific task: it has been taught to fix javascript bugs automatically. To do so, we trained the model on 16863 JS code snippets, where it could learn the nature of the observed programming language. In our experiments we observed that the GPT-2 model was able to learn how to write syntactically correct source code almost on every attempt, although it failed to learn good bug-fixes in some cases. Nonetheless it was able to generate the correct fixes in most of the cases, resulting in an overall accuracy up to 17.25%.

关键词： Automated Program Repair Machine learning javascript Code Refinement GPT

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Muzeel: Assessing the Impact of javascript Dead Code Elimination on Mobile Web Performance 22

Muzeel: Assessing the Impact of JavaScript Dead Code Elimina...

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22nd ACM Internet Measurement Conference (IMC)

作者： Kupoluyi, Jesutofunmi Chaqfeh, Moumena Varvello, Matteo Coke, Russell Hashmi, Waleed Subramanian, Lakshmi Zaki, Yasir New York Univ Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates Nokia Berkeley Hts NJ USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450392594

To quickly create interactive web pages, developers heavily rely on (large) general-purpose javascript libraries. This practice bloats web pages with complex unused functions dead code which are unnecessarily downloaded and processed by the browser. The identification and the elimination of these functions is an open problem, which this paper tackles with Muzeel, a black-box approach requiring neither knowledge of the code nor execution traces. While the state-of-the-art solutions stop analyzing javascript when the page loads, the core design principle of Muzeel is to address the challenge of dynamically analyzing javascript after the page is loaded, by emulating all possible user interactions with the page, such that the used functions (executed when interactivity events fire) are accurately identified, whereas unused functions are filtered out and eliminated. We run Muzeel against 15,000 popular web pages and show that half of the 300,000 javascript files used in these pages have at least 70% of unused functions, accounting for 55% of the files' sizes. To assess the impact of dead code elimination on Mobile Web performance, we serve 200 Muzeel-ed pages to several Android phones and browsers, under variable network conditions. Our evaluation shows that Muzeel can speed up page loads by 25-30% thanks to a combination of lower CPU and bandwidth usage. Most importantly, we show that such savings are achieved while maintaining the pages' visual appearance and interactive functionality.

关键词： javascript User Experience Web Simplification Mobile Web

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