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IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics

作者： Aladrovic, T Matic, M Kos, M Croatian Telecom Inc Zagreb Croatia

ISBN: (纸本)0780387384

layered video coding combined with prioritized transmission is widely recognized as one of the schemes for providing error resilience in video transport system. We examine the error performance of data partitioning coded MPEG-2 video bitstreams transmitted over channel subject to bit errors. While base layer errors cannot be tolerated, only a limited amount of errors in the enhancement layer is acceptable. Further improvements on bit error resilience can be achieved using the EREC coder in the enhancement layer. Our results show the PSNR gain of up to 3 dB with EREC coded enhancement layer and no errors in the base layer.

关键词： data compression image enhancement video coding data partitioning coded MPEG-2 video bitstreams error resilience scheme layered video coding prioritized transmission video enhancement video transport system video coding Data compression image enhancement error-resilience BASE COURSE error performance

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Rate distortion performance of leaky prediction layered video coding: Theoretic analysis and results

Rate distortion performance of leaky prediction layered vide...

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Conference on Image and video Communications and Processing 2005

作者： Liu, YX Prades-Nebot, J Cook, GW Salama, P Delp, EJ Nokia Inc Nokia Res Ctr Multimedia Technol Labs Irving TX 75039 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819456586

Leaky prediction layered video coding (LPLC) incorporates a scaled version of the enhancement layer in the motion compensated prediction (MCP) loop, by using a leaky factor between 0 and 1, to balance between coding efficiency and error resilience performance. In this paper, we address the theoretic analysis of LPLC using two different approaches: the one using rate distortion theory and the one using quantization noise modeling. In both approaches, an alternative block diagram of LPLC is first developed, which significantly simplifies the theoretic analysis. We consider two scenarios of LPLC, with and without prediction drift in the enhancement layer, and obtain two sets of rate distortion functions in closed form for both scenarios. We evaluate both closed form expressions, which are shown to conform with the operational results.

关键词： leaky prediction layered video coding rate distortion theory quantization noise modeling

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Rate distortion analysis of layered video coding by leaky prediction

Rate distortion analysis of layered video coding by leaky pr...

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Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing 2004

作者： Liu, YX Salama, P Cook, GW Delp, EJ Purdue Univ Video & Image Proc Lab VIPER Sch Elect & Comp Engn W Lafayette IN 47907 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819452114

Leaky prediction layered video coding (LPLC) partially includes the enhancement layer in the motion compensated prediction loop, by using a leaky factor between 0 and 1, to balance the coding efficiency and error resilience performance. In this paper., rate distortion functions are derived for LPLC from rate distortion theory. Closed form expressions are obtained for two scenarios of LPLC, one where the enhancement layer stays intact and the other where the enhancement layer suffers from data rate truncation. The rate distortion performance of LPLC is then evaluated with respect to different choices of the leaky factor, demonstrating that the theoretical analysis well conforms with the operational results.

关键词： rate distortion theory layered video coding leaky prediction error resilience

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layered SCREEN video coding LEVERAGING HARDWARE video CODEC

LAYERED SCREEN VIDEO CODING LEVERAGING HARDWARE VIDEO CODEC

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IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo Workshops (ICMEW)

作者： Miao, Dan Fu, Jingjing Lu, Yan Li, Shipeng Chen, Chang Wen Univ Sci & Technol China Hefei 230026 Peoples R China Microsoft Res Asia Media Comp Grp Beijing Peoples R China SUNY Buffalo Buffalo NY USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479900152

In this paper, we propose a layered screen video coding scheme based on existing video codecs to leverage hardware video codec for efficient screen video compression. In this scheme, the screen video compression is performed as two-layer coding: base layer coding and enhancement layer coding. The screen video is first analyzed in both frame and block levels for useful temporal and spatial information extraction to assist coding content selection in each layer. The non-skip screen frames are directly compressed by the conventional video codec in the base layer, while the screen contents sensitive to the video quality degradation are selected for improved coding in the enhancement layer. For contents to be enhanced, two intra coding modes are designed to improve the quality of the compressed text/graphics contents and suppress the artifacts introduced by chroma downsampling. The experimental results demonstrate that the screen video quality is improved objectively and subjectively by the proposed scheme with low cost on bitrate and computation complexity. Moreover, an average of 2.95dB coding gain is achieved in high bitrate.

关键词： Screen video compression content analysis layered video coding

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On Rate Adaptation for video Multicast With layered coding Over Multirate Wireless Networks

On Rate Adaptation for Video Multicast With Layered Coding O...

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IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 08)

作者： Du, Qinghe Zhang, Xi Texas A&M Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Networking & Informat Syst Lab College Stn TX 77843 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424423248

video multicast over multirate wireless networks imposes great challenges in designing efficient rate adaptation schemes due to the multi-layer hierarchical video coding and heterogeneous fading across multicast receivers. We propose a cross-layer framework for rate selection in video multicast, where different video layers have diverse loss-rate QoS requirements and thus may employ different transmission rates varying with the channel state information (CSI). Specifically, we first propose an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) - code division multiple access (CDMA) based scheme to avoid feedback collisions while efficiently identifying CSI from all multicast receivers. Second, we develop a queue management strategy such that the transmissions for different video layers can be synchronized. Third, we design the rate adaptation scheme to control receivers' loss rates at each video layer not to exceed the thresholds specified by upper protocol layers. Also conducted are simulation results to show the effectiveness of our designed rate-adaptation scheme.

关键词： Mobile multicast wireless networks cross-layer design rate control layered video coding

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A hybrid approach with drift minimization and correction for a layered H.263 codec

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 1999年第2期45卷 361-371页

作者： Hsieh, SJ Wu, JL Tsai, CW Dai, JL Natl Taiwan Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Commun & Multimedia Lab Taipei 10764 Taiwan

layered video coding allows the video information to be transmitted in multiple video bitstreams to achieve scalability. And the quality of the base layer is limited by drift. In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach to eliminate the drift in an H.263-based video codec with two-layer scalability. The base layer decoder takes advantage of the minimal drift approach to obtain the reconstructed services that have the minimum drift. Then, the encoder sends an additional drift correction signal, which is used to eliminate drift completely, to the decoder. In this way, the proposed approach can eliminate the drift completely and reduce the overhead required for the drift correction.

关键词： drift correction layered video coding H.263 coding

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A max-min fairness congestion control for layered streaming of scalable video

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR video TECHNOLOGY 2006年第9期16卷 1074-1085页

作者： Hsiao, Hsu-Feng Hwang, Jenq-Neng Natl Chiao Tung Univ Dept Comp Sci Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan Univ Washington Dept Elect Engn Seattle WA 98195 USA

In a best-effort networking environment, efficient and fair congestion control is highly desired for every traffic flow to share the bandwidth appropriately. This paper proposes a congestion control algorithm for user datagram protocol rate-based layered streaming of scalable video, e.g., 3-D wavelet based scalable video streaming, which provides a variety of video bit rates. This proposed congestion control mechanism, as an extension of explicit control protocol that is a newly proposed congestion control. protocol believed to be superior to transport control protocol, accommodates both window-based and rate-based flows to the heterogeneous network environment which can include wired and wireless channels. This paper further introduces the notion of reserved packet length so that the traffic of layered video can better share the bandwidth of a network by taking account of the max-min fairness with other traffic.

关键词： explicit control protocol layered video coding max-min fairness rate-based conkestion control reserved packet length (RPL)

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Token-based incentive mechanism for peer-to-peer video streaming networks

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JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING 2019年第10期75卷 6612-6631页

作者： ImaniMehr, Zahra DehghanTakhtFooladi, Mehdi Amirkabir Univ Technol Tehran Iran

We consider the problem of live video streaming in peer-to-peer networks consisting of selfish peers aiming at maximizing peers' individual utilities. We use token as an internal currency to encourage peers to cooperate in video distribution. Peers gain tokens by accepting requests from other peers for uploading video chunks to them, and they spend tokens for sending requests to the other peers and downloading video chunks from them. To handle the heterogeneity in the bandwidth of peers, we assume the video is coded as multilayered and each layer has a different type of token. Peers can request for a different number of layers to have their best quality based on their available token pools. To address this problem, we first study the peers' optimal strategies using the formalism of repeated games, and then, we show that peers' optimal strategy for each layer is a threshold strategy based on the number of tokens held by the peer for that layer. Then, we show that the repeated game can be converted to a simple one-shot game. In this new game, we study the impact of other peers' strategy on peers' utilities and strategies. We show that the game has a Nash equilibrium.

关键词： Peer-to-peer networks layered video coding Token Incentive Game theory Nash equilibria

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A Tutorial and Review on Inter-Layer FEC Coded layered video Streaming

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS AND TUTORIALS 2015年第2期17卷 1166-1207页

作者： Huo, Yongkai Hellge, Cornelius Wiegand, Thomas Hanzo, Lajos Univ Southampton Sch Elect & Comp Sci ECS Southampton SO17 1BJ Hants England TU Berlin D-10587 Berlin Germany Fraunhofer HHI D-10587 Berlin Germany

layered video coding creates multiple layers of unequal importance, which enables us to progressively refine the reconstructed video quality. When the base layer (BL) is corrupted or lost during transmission, the enhancement layers (ELs) must be dropped, regardless whether they are perfectly decoded or not, which implies that the transmission power assigned to the ELs is wasted. For the sake of combating this problem, the class of inter-layer forward error correction (IL-FEC) solutions, also referred to as layer-aware FEC (LA-FEC), 1 has been proposed for layered video transmissions, which jointly encode the BL and the ELs, thereby protecting the BL using the ELs. This tutorial aims for inspiring further research on IL-FEC/LA-FEC techniques, with special emphasis on the family of soft-decoded bit-level IL-FEC schemes.

关键词： Scalable video coding layered video coding inter-layer unequal error protection video transmission forward error correction

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Cooperative layered video Multicast Using Randomized Distributed Space Time Codes

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA 2011年第5期13卷 1127-1140页

作者： Alay, Oezgue Liu, Pei Wang, Yao Erkip, Elza Panwar, Shivendra S. NYU Polytech Inst Dept Elect & Comp Engn Brooklyn NY 11201 USA

With the increased popularity of mobile multimedia services, efficient and robust video multicast strategies are of critical importance. Cooperative communications has been shown to improve the robustness and the data rates for point-to-point transmission. In this paper, a two-hop cooperative transmission scheme for multicast in infrastructure-based networks is used, where multiple relays forward the data simultaneously using randomized distributed space time codes (RDSTC). This randomized cooperative transmission is further integrated with layered video coding and packet level forward error correction (FEC) to enable efficient and robust video multicast. Three different schemes are proposed to find the system operating parameters based on the availability of the channel information at the source station: RDSTC with full channel information, RDSTC with limited channel information, and RDSTC with node count. The performance of these three schemes are compared with rate adaptive direct transmission and conventional multicast that does not use rate adaptation. The results show that while rate-adaptive direct transmission provides better video quality than conventional multicast, all three proposed randomized cooperative schemes outperform both strategies significantly as long as the network has enough nodes. Furthermore, the performance gap between RDSTC with full channel information and RDSTC with limited channel information or node count is relatively small, indicating the robustness of the proposed cooperative multicast system using RDSTC.

关键词： layered video coding randomized distributed space time coding user cooperation video multicast wireless networks

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