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On the Impacts of I/Q Imbalance in Analog least mean square Adaptive Filter for Self-Interference Cancellation in Full-Duplex Radios

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2022年第10期71卷 10683-10693页

作者： Le, Anh Tuyen Huang, Xiaojing Tran, Le Chung Guo, Y. Jay Univ Thchnol Sydney Fac Engn & IT Ultimo NSW 2007 Australia Univ Wollongong Fac Engn & Informat Sci Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia

Frequency-dependent in-phase/quadrature-phase imbalance (IQI) is a critical hardware impairment, which affects the performance of the self-interference (SI) cancellation structure in full-duplex systems. A novel frequency-dependent IQI model is proposed in this paper, providing a theoretical tool to evaluate the impacts of this impairment in the analog domain. The model is then applied to investigate the performance of the analog least mean square (ALMS) loop under both frequency-selective and frequency-independent IQI. The degradation in the SI cancellation performance of the ALMS loop is revealed and its upper bound is derived. Numerical results show that the ALMS loop is resilient to both types of IQI with the maximum level of only 3.5 dB performance degradation even when the image rejection ratio is just 15 dB.

关键词： Frequency modulation Radio frequency Interference cancellation Demodulation Frequency-domain analysis Degradation Transceivers In-band Full-duplex analog adaptive filter least mean square algorithm self-interference cancellation I Q imbalance

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Power system frequency estimation using least-mean square technique

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY 2005年第3期20卷 1812-1816页

作者： Pradhan, AK Routray, A Basak, A Indian Inst Technol Dept Elect Engn Kharagpur 721302 W Bengal India

Frequency is an important parameter in power system monitoring, control, and protection. A least mean square (LMS) algorithm in complex form is presented in this, paper to estimate power system frequency where the formulated structure is very simple. The three-phase voltages are converted to a complex form for processing by the proposed algorithm. To enhance the convergence characteristic of the complex form of the LMS algorithm, a variable adaptation step-size is incorporated. The performance of the new algorithm is studied through simulations at different situations of the power system.

关键词： complex least mean square (LMS) frequency estimation least mean square algorithm power system monitoring

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A relaxed condition for "perfect" cancellation of broadband noise in 3D enclosures

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JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2000年第6期107卷 3235-3244页

作者： Yuan, J Hong Kong Polytech Univ Dept Mech Engn Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China

This paper presents a relaxed condition for "perfect" cancellation of broadband noise in 3D enclosures. On the basis of a truncated modal model, it can be shown that the primary and secondary paths belong to a same subspace if a certain condition is satisfied. There exists a finite impulse response (FIR) filter transfer function vector for perfect cancellation of the primary paths. The analytical result is verified numerically with an active noise control (ANC) system in a 3D rectangular enclosure. The proposed ANC scheme is shown to fit well into the framework of an existing multichannel least-mean squares (LMS) algorithm for adaptive implementation. (C) 2000 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(00)00806-7].

关键词： Broad band noise Acid neutralising capacity Enclosures least mean square algorithm Three Dimensions CANCELLATIONS

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An area effective 1-chip QAM LSI for digital CATV

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 1997年第3期43卷 649-654页

作者： Fukuoka, T Nakai, Y Hayashi, D Hayashi, T Soga, S Fukuda, K Nakakura, Y Laboratory of Chromatography DEPg.Fac.Quimica Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Circuito interior Cd Universitaria/CP 04510 Mexico D.F.Mexico

We have developed a single, standard cell LSI equipped with a QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) demodulator, a FEC (forward error correction) decoder, and AD/DA converters. The most important features of our LSI are its very small area and low power. In addition, this design can be used as a core module in an LSI library. The QAM demodulator has four modes of operations: 4, 16, 32, and 64 mode. The QAM demodulation is performed entirely in the digital domain. The FEC decoder includes frame synchronization, convolutional deinterleaving, RS (Reed-Solomon) decoding, and descrambling. We have achieved a small area and low power by using the following three methods. First, we adopted an ESGDD (enhanced stop & go decision-directed) algorithm as an AFC (automatic frequency control)/APC (automatic phase control) algorithm. The ESGDD algorithm which we developed based on the SGDD (stop & go decision-directed) algorithm which is a modified LMS (least mean square) algorithm, that is generally used for equalization. This new algorithm does not need an NCO (numerically controlled oscillator) operation which is usually indispensable when performing the AFC/APC algorithm. Next, we took advantage of the SGDD algorithm\'s sub-sampling method to perform equalization. This method can reduce the amount of the equalizing calculation. Finally, we optimized the EAB (Euclid algorithm block) in the RS decoding block, which lead to the reduction needed to perform the number of steps of the RS decoding.

关键词： LOW POWER DECODING frame synchronization Large scale integrate circuit algorithms Cable television least mean square algorithm Quadrature amplitude modulation core module

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Decision Feedback Equalization using Particle Swarm Optimization

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SIGNAL PROCESSING 2015年 108卷 1-12页

作者： Iqbal, Naveed Zerguine, Azzedine Al-Dhahir, Naofal King Fahd Univ Petr & Minerals Dept Elect Engn Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia Univ Texas Dallas Dept Elect Engn Richardson TX 75083 USA

It is well-known that the Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE) outperforms the Linear Equalizer (LE) for highly dispersive channels. For time-varying channels, adaptive equalizers are commonly designed based on the least mean square (LMS) algorithm which, unfortunately, has the limitation of slow convergence specially in channels having large eigen-value spread. The eigenvalue problem becomes even more pronounced in Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) channels. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) enjoys fast convergence and, therefore, its application to the DFE merits investigation. In this paper, we show that a PSO-DFE with a variable constriction factor is superior to the LMS/RLS-based DFE (LMS/RLS-DFE) and PSO-based LE (PSO-LE), especially on channels with large eigenvalue spread. We also propose a hybrid PSO-LMS-DFE algorithm, and modify it to deal with complex-valued data. The PSO-LMS-DFE not only outperforms the PSO-DFE in terms of performance but its complexity is also low. To further reduce its complexity, a fast PSO-LMS-DFE algorithm is introduced. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision Feedback Equalization Particle Swarm Optimization least mean square algorithm

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Eigenspace-based blind pattern optimisations of steerable antenna array for interference cancellation

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IET MICROWAVES ANTENNAS & PROPAGATION 2008年第4期2卷 358-366页

作者： Sugiura, S. Kikuma, N. Iizuka, H. Toyota Cent Res & Dev Labs Inc Aichi 4801192 Japan Nagoya Inst Technol Nagoya Aichi 4668555 Japan

A novel adaptive algorithm for an array using directional elements called a hybrid smart antenna system is proposed. The algorithm controls the element patterns on the basis of an objective function composed of eigenvalues of a covariance matrix. A high and stable array output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio is achieved by improving both the received powers and the spatial correlation coefficient between incident waves, without prior knowledge such as directions-of-arrival, channel state information or training signals. The characteristics of the proposed algorithm are theoretically and numerically clarified for a simple case involving two incident waves. Convergence with least mean squares algorithm is found to be as fast as that with recursive least squares algorithm in this system. Also, simulation for statistical performance evaluation is carried out in comparison with a conventional system. Furthermore, a method to implement the proposed eigenspace control algorithm without having to solve the eigenvalue problem is shown.

关键词： eigenspace-based blind pattern optimisation smart antenna system recursive estimation Optimisation techniques spatial correlation coefficient Signal processing and detection correlation methods optimisation recursive least square algorithm Algebra adaptive antenna arrays covariance matrix covariance matrices least squares approximations interference cancellation Antenna arrays array signal processing convergence Interpolation and function approximation (numerical analysis) eigenvalues and eigenfunctions steerable antenna array least mean square algorithm adaptive array algorithm array output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio interference suppression

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Design of demodulator for the chaotic modulation communication system

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-FUNDAMENTAL THEORY AND APPLICATIONS 1997年第3期44卷 262-267页

作者： Leung, H Lam, J UNIV OTTAWA DEPT PHYSOTTAWAON K1N 6N5CANADA

Chaotic modulation has recently been proposed for spread spectrum (SS) and code division multiple access (CDMA) communication. It embeds the signal of transmission in the bifurcating parameter of a chaotic dynamical system, and uses the wide-band output of the chaotic system as the transmitted signal. In this brief, me consider the demodulation of this communication scheme using an adaptive filter. Not only can an adaptive filter reduce the effect of channel noise, but it also estimates the bifurcating parameter (i.e., the signal of transmission) sequentially which is required in a communication system, Three kinds of adaptive filters: the least mean square (LMS) algorithm, the recursive least square (RLS) technique and the Kalman filter, are considered here. It is found that the demodulators based on these adaptive filters outperform the standard inversion approach used in the literature.

关键词： adaptive filters chaotic modulation extended Kalman filter least mean square algorithm recursive least square algorithm

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Thinking about thinking: The discovery of the LMS algorithm

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IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE 2005年第1期22卷 100-+页

作者： Widrow, B the signal processing department of Infineon Technologies

Dr. Bernard Widrow presents a personal view on the discovery of the least mean squares algorithm.

关键词： FIR filters adaptive filters history least mean squares methods Dr. Bernard Widrow LMS algorithm digital filter digital signal processing nonstandard filter design FIR filters Digital filters Thinking adaptive filters least mean square algorithm

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Detection of microcalcifications in mammograms using local maxima and adaptive wavelet transform analysis

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ELECTRONICS LETTERS 2002年第22期38卷 1311-1313页

作者： Bagci, AM Cetin, AE Bilkent Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn TR-06533 Ankara Turkey

A method for computer-aided diagnosis of microcalcification clusters in mammogram images is presented. Microcalcification clusters which are an early sign of breast cancer appear as isolated bright spots in mammograms. Therefore they correspond to local maxima of the image. The local maxima of the image is first detected and they are ranked according to a higher-order statistical test performed over the subband domain data.

关键词： filterbank structure microcalcification clusters Integral transforms in numerical analysis computer-aided diagnosis medical image processing isolated bright spots Interpolation and function approximation (numerical analysis) Patient diagnostic methods and instrumentation subband domain data higher-order statistical test local maxima higher order statistics Numerical approximation and analysis X-ray techniques: radiography and computed tomography (biomedical imaging/measurement) Biology and medical computing breast cancer X-rays and particle beams (medical uses) Computer vision and image processing techniques wavelet transforms Optical, image and video signal processing adaptive wavelet transform analysis mammogram images mammography least mean square algorithm least mean squares methods

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Approximate LMS tuning of continuous time filters: convergence and sensitivity analysis

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-CIRCUITS DEVICES AND SYSTEMS 2005年第1期152卷 1-6页

作者： Westwick, DT Maundy, B Salmeh, R Univ Calgary Dept Elect & Comp Engn Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada

The quality factor of continuous time filters may be tuned using a master/slave arrangement in which an analogue implementation of the LMS algorithm is used to tune the master filter. Two such schemes are analysed, and their sensitivities to the effects of parasitic capacitances are determined theoretically and then compared. The two schemes are shown to have similar sensitivities to parasitically induced errors in the magnitude frequency response of the master filter, whereas only one of them is shown to be immune to phase errors in the master filter. The theoretical results are verified using a behavioural simulation. Approximate hardware costs of the two tuning schemes are also compared.

关键词： tuning Parasitic capacitance continuous time filters Filters Approximate antimicrobial susceptibility least mean square algorithm Immunity Sensitivity analysis Converge

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