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CONVERGENCE AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF THE NORMALIZED LMS algorithm WITH UNCORRELATED GAUSSIAN DATA

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY 1988年第4期34卷 680-691页

作者： TARRAB, M FEUER, A TECHNION ISRAEL INST TECHNOL DEPT ELECT ENGNIL-32000 HAIFAISRAEL

It is demonstrated that the normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithm can be viewed as a modification of the widely used LMS algorithm. The NLMS is shown to have an important advantage over the LMS, which is that its convergence is independent of environmental changes. In addition, the authors present a comprehensive study of the first and second-order behavior in the NLMS algorithm. They show that the NLMS algorithm exhibits significant improvement over the LMS algorithm in convergence rate, while its steady-state performance is considerably worse.

关键词： algorithms Gauss Environmental changes least mean square algorithm steady-state performance Converge

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An alternative feedback structure for the adaptive active control of periodic and time-varying periodic disturbances

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JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION 1998年第4期210卷 517-527页

作者： Bouchard, M Paillard, B Univ Sherbrooke Dept Mech Engn Sherbrooke PQ J1K 2R1 Canada Univ Sherbrooke Dept Elect & Comp Engn Sherbrooke PQ J1K 2R1 Canada

An alternative feedback Structure, inspired from a speech coding structure, is introduced for the adaptive active control of periodic and time-varying periodic disturbances. The new structure is an Internal Model Control (IMC) structure. It separates the information and the processing pertaining to the plant from the information and the processing pertaining to the disturbance signal. A non-causal filter modelling the inverse of the secondary path is used, and the future samples of the disturbance signal are estimated by linear prediction (using an LMS algorithm). No filtering of a reference signal with the model of the secondary path is required to compute a filtered reference signal. In consequence, for the cases presented in the paper, the new feedback structure has a much faster convergence behavior and a better transient response than the classical FX-LMS algorithm with a feedback IMC structure, or the more recent and usually faster ANC-LMS algorithm with the same IMC structure. Simulation results with experimentally measured primary and secondary paths of a beam are presented, showing that tither for multi-harmonic disturbance signals or sweeping sine wave disturbances, the structure presented in this paper greatly improves the convergence behavior of an adaptive feedback controller. (C) 1998 Academic Press Limited.

关键词： Noise cancellation Performance algorithms Noise cancellation time varying Periodic active control Feedback algorithms Reference signals disturbance least mean square algorithm Self tuning

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Auto-calibrating adaptive array for mobile telecommunications

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS 2000年第2期36卷 729-736页

作者： Wennström, M Strandell, J Öberg, T Linkskog, E Rydberg, A Uppsala Univ Signals & Syst Grp SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden

A major concern for adaptive antennas is the calibration of hardware. Here we consider the calibration of an analog beamformer (ABF), which calculates the weights in a digital signal processor (DSP), but weights the RF signals using a hardware beamformer. Two novel methods are presented of performing a calibration of this adaptive antenna during normal operation. This will mitigate temperature drift and aging of active components. Both methods uses a feedback of the beamformer output signal, to calculate the error in the beamformer output, or to identify the parameters in the temperature drift, The algorithms are transparent to normal antenna operation and are computationally simple. Simulations show that when using these auto-calibration methods, the performance is independent of variation in hardware parameters when a realistic temperature drift is introduced. The proposed algorithms are intended for use in a time-division multiple access (TDMA) mobile telephone system, but the methods are applicable in radar systems also.

关键词： adaptive antenna arrays array signal processing calibration feedback least mean squares methods mobile radio time division multiple access DSP weights calculation LMS algorithm SMI algorithm TDMA mobile telephone system adaptive antennas analog beamforme array signal processing mobile communication Mobile radios Feedback time division multiple access temperature drift adaptive antenna arrays least mean square algorithm adaptive antenna

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Adaptive LMS filters for cellular CDMA overlay situations

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IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS 1996年第8期14卷 1548-1559页

作者： Wang, JZ Milstein, LB UNIV HONG KONG DEPT ELECT & ELECT ENGNHONG KONGHONG KONG UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGNLA JOLLACA 92093

This paper extends and complements previous research we have performed on the performance of nonadaptive narrowband suppression filters when used in cellular code-division multiple-access (CDMA) overlay situations. In this paper, an adaptive least mean square (LMS) filter is applied to a cellular CDMA overlay in order to reject narrowband interference. An accurate expression for the steady-state tap-weight covariance matrix is derived for the real LMS algorithm for arbitrary statistics of the overlaid interference. Numerical results illustrate that when the ratio of the narrowband interference bandwidth to the spread spectrum bandwidth is small, the LMS filter is very effective in rejecting the narrowband interference. Furthermore, it is seen that the performance of the LMS filter in a CDMA overlay environment is not significantly worse than the performance of an ideal Wiener filter, assuming the LMS filter has had sufficient time to converge.

关键词： Code division multiple access Wiener filters Filters narrow-band interference (NBI) Overlay least mean square algorithm

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Multiple-model estimation with variable structure Part V: Likely-model set algorithm

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS 2000年第2期36卷 448-466页

作者： Li, XR Zhang, YM Univ New Orleans Dept Elect Engn New Orleans LA 70148 USA Univ Western Ontario Dept Elect & Comp Engn London ON N6A 589 Canada

A multiple-model (MM) estimator with a variable structure, called likely-model set (LMS) algorithm, is presented, which is generally applicable to most hybrid estimation problems and is easily implementable. It uses a set of models that are not unlikely to match the system mode in effect at any given time. Different versions of the algorithm are discussed. The model set is made adaptive in the simplest version by deleting all unlikely models and activating all models to which a principal model may Jump so as to anticipate the possible system made transitions. The generality, simplicity, and ease in the design and implementation of the LMS estimator are illustrated via an example of tracking a maneuvering target and an example of fault detection and identification. Comparison of its cost-effectiveness with other fixed- and variable-structure MM estimators is given.

关键词： estimation theory identification modelling probability state estimation target tracking cost-effectiveness comparison fault detection fault identification hybrid estimation problems likely-model set algorithm maneuvering target tracking multiple-model es estimation theory model set Target tracking Defect detection failure recognition State estimation Variable structure least mean square algorithm Modeling

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Space-time decision feedback equalisation using a minimum bit error rate design for single-input multiple-output channels

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IET COMMUNICATIONS 2007年第4期1卷 671-678页

作者： Chen, S. Wolfgang, A. Shi, Y. Hanzo, L. Univ Southampton Sch Elect & Comp Sci Southampton SO17 1BJ Hants England

A minimum bit error rate (MBER) decision feedback equaliser (DFE) designed for single-input multiple-output (SIMO) systems employing a quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation scheme is proposed. It is shown that this MBER design is superior over the standard minimum mean square error DFE in the SIMO scenario considered, in terms of the achievable system bit error rate. A sample-by-sample adaptive implementation of this MBER DFE is derived, which is referred to as the least bit error rate (LBER) algorithm. It is shown that for SIMO systems using a QPSK scheme, the LBER algorithm has a similar computational complexity as the simple least mean square (LMS) algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive LBER-based DFE outperforms the adaptive LMS-based DFE, in both stationary and fading cases.

关键词： quadrature phase shift keying modulation single-input multiple-output channel space-time decision feedback equalisation least mean squares methods least bit error rate algorithm least mean square algorithm SIMO system decision feedback equalisers minimum mean square error error statistics computational complexity telecommunication channels quadrature phase shift keying minimum bit error rate design

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Stochastic gradient identification of Wiener system with maximum mutual information criterion

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IET SIGNAL PROCESSING 2011年第6期5卷 589-597页

作者： Chen, B. Zhu, Y. Hu, J. Principe, J. C. Univ Florida Dept Elect & Comp Engn Gainesville FL 32611 USA Tsinghua Univ Inst Mfg Engn Dept Precis Instruments & Mechanol Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

This study presents an information-theoretic approach for adaptive identification of an unknown Wiener system. A two-criterion identification scheme is proposed, in which the adaptive system comprises a linear finite-impulse response filter trained by maximum mutual information (MaxMI) criterion and a polynomial non-linearity learned by traditional mean square error criterion. The authors show that under certain conditions, the optimum solution matches the true system exactly. Further, the authors develop a stochastic gradient-based algorithm, that is, stochastic mutual information gradient-normalised least mean square algorithm, to implement the proposed identification scheme. Monte-Carlo simulation results demonstrate the noticeable performance improvement of this new algorithm in comparison with some other algorithms.

关键词： bockwurst Authentication Adaptive systems least mean square algorithm Stochastic FIR filters mean-square error criterion performance boost

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Dynamic Error Analysis Method for Vibration Shape Reconstruction of Smart FBG Plate Structure

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SHOCK AND VIBRATION 2016年第Pt.1期2016卷 1-14页

作者： Zhang, Hesheng Zhu, Xiaojin Gao, Zhiyuan Liu, Kaining Li, Zhaowen Shanghai Univ Sch Mechatron Engn & Automat Shanghai 200072 Peoples R China CASC Inst 804 Shanghai Acad Space Flight Technol Shanghai 201109 Peoples R China

Shape reconstruction of aerospace plate structure is an important issue for safe operation of aerospace vehicles. One way to achieve such reconstruction is by constructing smart fiber Bragg grating (FBG) plate structure with discrete distributed FBG sensor arrays using reconstruction algorithms in which error analysis of reconstruction algorithm is a key link. Considering that traditional error analysis methods can only deal with static data, a new dynamic data error analysis method are proposed based on LMS algorithm for shape reconstruction of smart FBG plate structure. Firstly, smart FBG structure and orthogonal curved network based reconstruction method is introduced. Then, a dynamic error analysis model is proposed for dynamic reconstruction error analysis. Thirdly, the parameter identification is done for the proposed dynamic error analysis model based on least mean square (LMS) algorithm. Finally, an experimental verification platform is constructed and experimental dynamic reconstruction analysis is done. Experimental results show that the dynamic characteristics of the reconstruction performance for plate structure can be obtained accurately based on the proposed dynamic error analysis method. The proposed method can also be used for other data acquisition systems and data processing systems as a general error analysis method.

关键词： Reconstruction algorithm Sensor arrays Parameter identification Error analysis dynamic error Safe handling shape reconfiguration Fiber Bragg gratings least mean square algorithm DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS plate structure

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Effects of multiple secondary paths on convergence properties in active noise control systems with LMS algorithm

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JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION 1996年第2期195卷 217-228页

作者： Chen, G Sone, T Abe, M TOHOKU UNIV CTR COMPSENDAIMIYAGI 98077JAPAN

The convergence properties of the multiple error filtered-x (MEFX) LMS algorithm for active noise control system in the time domain are analyzed in the frequency domain. The analysis facilitates a better understanding of the physical meaning rather than does that in the time domain: i.e., the convergence properties of the MEFX LMS algorithm can be analyzed at each frequency bin separately in the frequency domain. Moreover, the effects of the step-size parameter, the power spectra of the input signals, and multiple secondary paths can be evaluated individually at each frequency bin. It is shown that the convergence speed of the algorithm depends not only on the spectral properties of the input signals but also on the multiple secondary paths. Another advantage of the proposed method is that it requires a smaller amount of computations than those in the time domain, and can easily be used in practical applications. Results of computer simulations of the convergence properties of the MEFX LMS algorithm analyzed in the frequency domain are consistent with the theoretical results. (C) 1996 Academic Press Limited

关键词： Frequency-domain Design Sound Converge TIME-DOMAIN Byways SOUND Noise control least mean square algorithm input signal

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On implementation of adaptive bilinear filters for nonlinear active noise control

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APPLIED ACOUSTICS 2016年 106卷 122-128页

作者： Tan, Li Dong, Chen Du, Sidan Purdue Univ North Cent Dept Engn 1401 South US Highway 421 Westville IN 46391 USA Nanjing Univ Sch Elect Sci & Engn Nanjing 210046 Jiangsu Peoples R China

In this technical note, the simplified diagonal-structure bilinear filtered-X least mean square (SDBFXLMS) and channel-reduced diagonal-structure bilinear filtered-X least mean square (CRDBFXLMS) algorithms are proposed. Computational complexity for each proposed algorithm is analyzed to show the significant computational reduction in comparison with the diagonal-structure bilinear FXLMS (DBFXLMS) algorithm. For L = 15 (memory length of the bilinear filter), P = 2 (the corresponding number of the diagonal channels for the SDBFXLMS algorithm is L + 2P = 19 and the corresponding number of the diagonal channels for the CRDBFXLMS algorithm is 2P = 4), and M = 64 (memory length of the secondary path estimate), the SDBFXLMS algorithm achieves 45% and 40% reduction of multiplications and additions, respectively, while the CRDBFXLMS algorithm acquires 78% reduction of multiplications and 76% reduction of additions. Computer simulations validate the satisfied control performances of the proposed algorithms. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Active noise control (ANC) Adaptive filter Adaptive bilinear filter Diagonal structure least mean square algorithm

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