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Physical Layer Security in Downlink Multi-Antenna Cellular Networks

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2014年第6期62卷 2006-2021页

作者： Geraci, Giovanni Dhillon, Harpreet S. Andrews, Jeffrey G. Yuan, Jinhong Collings, Iain B. Univ New S Wales Sch Elect Engn & Telecommun Sydney NSW 2033 Australia Univ So Calif CSI Los Angeles CA 90089 USA Univ Texas Austin WNCG Austin TX 78712 USA CSIRO ICT Ctr Wireless & Networking Technol Lab Marsfield NSW 2122 Australia

In this paper, we study physical layer security for the downlink of cellular networks, where the confidential messages transmitted to each mobile user can be eavesdropped by both;1) the other users in the same cell and 2) the users in the other cells. The locations of base stations and mobile users are modeled as two independent two-dimensional Poisson point processes. Using the proposed model, we analyze the secrecy rates achievable by regularized channel inversion (RCI) precoding by performing a large-system analysis that combines tools from stochastic geometry and random matrix theory. We obtain approximations for the probability of secrecy outage and the mean secrecy rate, and characterize regimes where RCI precoding achieves a non-zero secrecy rate. We find that unlike isolated cells, if one treats interference as noise, the secrecy rate in a cellular network does not grow monotonically with the transmit power, and the network tends to be in secrecy outage if the transmit power grows unbounded. Furthermore, we show that there is an optimal value for the base station deployment density that maximizes the secrecy rate, and this value is a decreasing function of the transmit power.

关键词： Physical layer security cellular networks stochastic geometry linear precoding random matrix theory (RMT)

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A New Precoder Design for Blind Channel Estimation in MIMO-OFDM Systems

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 2014年第12期13卷 7011-7024页

作者： Noh, Song Sung, Youngchul Zoltowski, Michael D. Purdue Univ Sch Elect & Comp Engn W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol Dept Elect Engn Taejon 305701 South Korea

A new precoder for precoding-based blind channel estimation for MIMO-OFDM systems is proposed. In the proposed scheme, only a small number of data symbols, commensurate with the channel length, are linearly precoded prior to transmission to induce the signal correlation needed for the scheme to blindly estimate the channels. Similar to how pilot symbols are transmitted, the subcarriers carrying these linearly precoded data symbols are equi-spaced across the frequency band. The other subcarriers carry data symbols in the standard way, enabling MLD per subcarrier and also allowing for MIMO linear precoding across antennas at each subcarrier. This is in contrast to previous precoding-based blind channel estimation schemes which precode all of the data symbols so that every subcarrier carries a linear combination of symbols, aking the resulting joint MLD problem infeasible. In addition, this also makes it infeasible to employ MIMO precoding per subcarrier across the transmit antennas. The proposed precoder is designed via a multi-stage optimization process that seeks to minimize both channel estimation error and symbol estimation error. For channel estimation purposes, the resulting optimal design offers low-cost features such as sign change and FFT while providing reasonable channel estimation performance for low mobility applications.

关键词： Blind channel estimation linear precoding OFDM MIMO Hadamard matrix

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DASBE: DECISION-AIDED SEMI-BLIND EQUALIZATION FOR MIMO SYSTEMS WITH linear precoding

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NEURAL NETWORK WORLD 2010年第7期20卷 871-882页

作者： Garcia-Naya, Jose A. Dapena, Adriana Castro, Paula M. Iglesia, Daniel Univ A Coruna Fac Informat La Coruna 15071 Spain

Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) digital communications standards usually acquire Channel State Information (CSI) by means of supervised algorithms, which implies loss of performance since pilot symbols do not convey information. We propose obtaining this CSI by using semi-blind techniques, which combine both supervised and unsupervised (blind) methods. The key idea consists in introducing a decision criterion to determine when the channel suffered a significant change. In such a case, transmission of pilot symbols is required. The use of this criterion also allows us to determine the time instants in which CSI has to be sent to the transmitter from the receiver through a low-cost feedback channel.

关键词： Channel estimation blind source separation learning algorithms hybrid systems linear precoding

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COOPERATIVE MULTI-CELL MIMO DOWNLINK precoding FOR FINITE-ALPHABET INPUTS

COOPERATIVE MULTI-CELL MIMO DOWNLINK PRECODING FOR FINITE-AL...

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Wu, Wenhao Wang, Kun Ding, Zhi Xiao, Chengshan Univ Calif Davis Dept Elect & Comp Engn Davis CA 95616 USA Missouri Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect & Comp Engn Rolla MO 65409 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479928934

This work studies the design of linear precoders for cooperative multi-cell MIMO downlink systems with finite alphabet inputs. Traditionally, multi-cell MIMO downlink precoder designs rely on Gaussian input assumption, which may lead to performance loss when the true inputs admit discrete non-Gaussian symbols. In this work, we present optimized precoders by maximizing weighted sum rate (of finite-alphabet-input) under a set of single basestation power constraints. Specifically, we propose a simple gradient algorithm for general multi-cell MIMO downlink channel and a block diagonalization gradient algorithm while supporting interference cancellation.

关键词： Multi-cell downlink linear precoding finite-alphabet input gradient descent dual decomposition

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Secrecy Rates in Broadcast Channels with Confidential Messages and External Eavesdroppers

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 2014年第5期13卷 2931-2943页

作者： Geraci, Giovanni Singh, Sarabjot Andrews, Jeffrey G. Yuan, Jinhong Collings, Iain B. Univ New S Wales Sch Elect Engn & Telecommun Sydney NSW 2052 Australia Univ Texas Austin WNCG Austin TX 78712 USA CSIRO ICT Ctr Wireless & Networking Technol Lab Sydney NSW Australia

In this paper, we consider the broadcast channel with confidential messages and external eavesdroppers (BCCE), where a multi-antenna base station simultaneously communicates to multiple potentially malicious users, in the presence of randomly located external eavesdroppers. Using the proposed model, we study the secrecy rates achievable with regularized channel inversion (RCI) precoding by performing a large-system analysis that combines results from stochastic geometry and random matrix theory, where the number of users K and the number of transmit antennas N both grow to infinity in a fixed ratio. We obtain explicit expressions for the probability of secrecy outage and an upper bound on the rate loss due to the presence of external eavesdroppers. We show that both these quantities scale as lambda e/root N as the density of external eavesdroppers lambda e grows, irrespective of their collusion strategy. Furthermore, we derive a practical rule for the choice of the regularization parameter, which is agnostic of channel state information and location of eavesdroppers, and yet provides close to optimal performance.

关键词： Physical layer security broadcast channel linear precoding stochastic geometry random matrix theory

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A Virtual MIMO Dual-Hop Architecture Based on Hybrid Spatial Modulation

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2014年第9期62卷 3161-3179页

作者： Stavridis, Athanasios Basnayaka, Dushyantha Sinanovic, Sinan Di Renzo, Marco Haas, Harald Univ Edinburgh Inst Digital Commun Sch Engn Edinburgh EH9 3JL Midlothian Scotland Univ Edinburgh Joint Res Inst Signal & Image Proc Sch Engn Edinburgh EH9 3JL Midlothian Scotland Glasgow Caledonian Univ Sch Engn & Built Environm Glasgow G4 0BA Lanark Scotland Univ Paris 11 L2S French Natl Ctr Sci Res CNRS Ecole Super Elect SUPELEC F-91400 Paris France

In this paper, we propose a novel Virtual Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (VMIMO) architecture based on the concept of Spatial Modulation (SM). Using a dual-hop and Decode-and-Forward protocol, we form a distributed system, called Dual-Hop Hybrid SM (DH-HSM). DH-HSM conveys information from a Source Node (SN) to a Destination Node (DN) via multiple Relay Nodes (RNs). The spatial position of the RNs is exploited for transferring information in addition to, or even without, a conventional symbol. In order to increase the performance of our architecture, while keeping the complexity of the RNs and DN low, we employ linear precoding using Channel State Information (CSI) at the SN. In this way, we form a Receive-Spatial Modulation (R-SM) pattern from the SN to the RNs, which is able to employ a centralized coordinated or a distributed uncoordinated detection algorithm at the RNs. In addition, we focus on the SN and propose two regularized linear precoding methods that employ realistic Imperfect Channel State Information at the Transmitter. The power of each precoder is analyzed theoretically. Using the Bit Error Rate (BER) metric, we evaluate our architecture against the following benchmark systems: 1) single relay;2) best relay selection;3) distributed Space Time Block Coding (STBC) VMIMO scheme;and 4) the direct communication link. We show that DH-HSM is able to achieve significant Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) gains, which can be as high as 10.5 dB for a very large scale system setup. In order to verify our simulation results, we provide an analytical framework for the evaluation of the Average Bit Error Probability (ABEP).

关键词： MIMO spatial modulation linear precoding relays decode-and-forward

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An Achievable Region for Double-Unicast Networks With linear Network Coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2014年第10期62卷 3621-3630页

作者： Xu, Xiaoli Zeng, Yong Guan, Yong Liang Ho, Tracey Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore Natl Univ Singapore Dept Elect & Comp Engn Singapore 117583 Singapore CALTECH Dept Elect Engn Pasadena CA 91125 USA

In this paper, we present an achievable rate region for double-unicast networks by assuming that the intermediate nodes perform random linear network coding, and the source and sink nodes optimize their strategies to maximize the achievable region. Such a setup can be modeled as a deterministic interference channel, whose capacity region is known. For the particular class of linear deterministic interference channels of our interest, in which the outputs and interference are linear deterministic functions of the inputs, we show that the known capacity region can be achieved by linear strategies. As a result, for a given set of network coding coefficients chosen by the intermediate nodes, the proposed linear precoding and decoding for the source and sink nodes will give the maximum achievable rate region for double-unicast networks. We further derive a suboptimal but easy-to-compute rate region that is independent of the network coding coefficients used at the intermediate nodes, and is instead specified by the min-cuts of the network. It is found that even this suboptimal region is strictly larger than the existing achievable rate regions in the literature.

关键词： Network coding achievable rate region double-unicast networks linear precoding deterministic interference channels

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Secure MIMO Communications Under Quantized Channel Feedback in the Presence of Jamming

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING 2014年第23期62卷 6265-6275页

作者： Tsiligkaridis, Theodoros MIT Lincoln Lab Adv Sensor Tech Grp Lexington MA 02421 USA

We consider the problem of secure communications in a MIMO setting in the presence of an adversarial jammer equipped with n(j) transmit antennas and an eavesdropper equipped with n(e) receive antennas. A multiantenna transmitter, equipped with n(t) antennas, desires to secretly communicate amessage to a multiantenna receiver equipped with n(r) antennas. We propose a transmission method based on artificial noise and linear precoding and a two-stage receiver method employing beamforming. Under this strategy, we first characterize the achievable secrecy rates of communication and prove that the achievable secure degrees-of-freedom (SDoF) is given by d(s) = n(r) - n(j) in the perfect channel state information (CSI) case. Second, we consider quantized CSI feedback using Grassmannian quantization of a function of the direct channel matrix and derive sufficient conditions for the quantization bit rate scaling as a function of transmit power for maintaining the achievable SDoF d(s) with perfect CSI and for having asymptotically zero secrecy rate loss due to quantization. Numerical simulations are also provided to support the theory.

关键词： Grassmann manifold linear precoding MIMO communication physical layer security quantized CSI feedback secrecy rate

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Recursive Construction of Minimum Euclidean Distance-Based Precoder for Arbitrary-Dimensional MIMO Systems

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2014年第4期62卷 1258-1271页

作者： Xu, Xiaodong Chen, Zhiyong Univ Sci & Technol China Hefei 230027 Anhui Peoples R China

The objective of maximizing the minimum Euclidean distance between two received data vectors via real-valued linear precoding is considered for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with arbitrary dimensions. Assuming that perfect channel state information (CSI) is available at both the transmitter side and the receiver side, a novel low-complexity precoding algorithm is proposed to recursively construct the full-rank, the rank-deficient and the rank-one precoders with respect to particular channel realization. From the lattice theoretical perspective, the full-rank precoder is generated by using well-known dense packing lattices, which can also be recursively involved into the construction of higher-dimensional rank-deficient precoders. Moreover, the optimal solution is clearly figured out for the specific case of rank-one precoder. The closed-form expression of the achievable minimum distance is obtained and the analytical results reveal the performance bounds for different rank-constraint precoders. Simulation results validate the efficiency of the proposed precoder as compared with the state of the art.

关键词： MIMO linear precoding minimum Euclidean distance lattice theory recursive construction

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An Efficient Transmission Strategy for the Multicarrier Multiuser MIMO Downlink

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2014年第2期63卷 628-642页

作者： Cheng, Yao Li, Sheng Zhang, Jianshu Roemer, Florian Song, Bin Haardt, Martin Zhou, Yuan Dong, Mingjie Ilmenau Univ Technol Commun Res Lab D-98684 Ilmenau Germany Zhejiang Univ Technol Coll Informat Engn Hangzhou 310014 Zhejiang Peoples R China Huawei Technol Co Ltd Shenzhen 518129 Peoples R China

A new transmission strategy that consists of a spatial scheduling algorithm and two precoding algorithms is developed for multicarrier multiuser (MU) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The scheduling algorithm, which is called efficient multicarrier ProSched (EMC-ProSched), adopts a novel and effective scheduling metric for each user and can efficiently search for a suitable group of users to be served at the same time on the same frequency. Two precoding techniques are then designed to handle different antenna configurations. For the case where the number of transmit antennas at the base station (BS) is not smaller than the total number of receive antennas at the user terminals (UTs), the linear-precoding-based geometric mean decomposition (LP-GMD) algorithm is proposed. It suppresses the MU interference (MUI) and enables an effective implementation of the same modulation and coding scheme (MCS) on all spatial streams of each user. Consequently, smaller signaling overhead is required compared with the case where a different MCS is applied on each spatial stream. When the total number of receive antennas at the UTs exceeds the number of transmit antennas at the BS, we propose the low-complexity coordinated beamforming (LoCCoBF) algorithm to accomplish the goal of the MUI mitigation and to achieve a high capacity. A system-level simulator with a link-to-system interface is further developed under the framework of the IEEE 802.11ac standard to evaluate the performance of the proposed transmission strategy. The simulation results indicate that a promising performance can be achieved by employing the proposed transmission strategy.

关键词： IEEE 802.11ac linear precoding multicarrier systems multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems multiuser downlink space-division multiple access (SDMA)

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