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Assessment of the formant frequencies in normal and laryngectomized individuals using linear predictive coding

JOURNAL OF VOICE 2007年第6期21卷 661-668页

作者： Kazi, Rehan A. Prasad, Vyas M. N. Kanagalingam, Jeeve Nutting, Christopher M. Clarke, Peter Rhys-Evans, Peter Harrington, Kevin J. Royal Marsden Hosp Head & Neck Unit London SW3 6JJ England Inst Canc Res London SW3 6JB England

The objective of this study was to assess the difference in voice quality as defined by acoustical analysis using sustained vowel in laryngectomized patients in comparison with normal volunteers. This was designed as a retrospective single center cohort study. An adult tertiary referral unit formed the setting of this study. Fifty patients (40 males) who underwent total laryngectomy and 31 normal volunteers (18 male) participated. Group comparisons with the first three formant frequencies (F-1, F-2, and F-3) using linear predictive coding (LPC) (Laryngograph Ltd, London, UK) was performed. The existence of any significant difference of F-1, F-2, and F-3 between the two groups using the sustained vowel /i/ and the effects of other factors namely, tumor stage (T), chemoradiotherapy, pharyngectomy, cricothyroid myotomy, closure of pharyngoesophageal segment, and postoperative complication were analyzed. Formant frequencies F-1, F-2, and F-3 were significantly different in male laryngectomees compared to controls: F-1 (P < 0.001, Mann-Whitney U test), F-2 (P < 0.001, Student's t test), and F-3 (P = 0.008, Student's t test). There was no significant difference between females in both groups for all three formant frequencies. Chemoradiotherapy and postoperative complications (pharyngocutaneous fistula) caused a significantly lower formant F, in men, but showed little effect in F-2 and F-3. Laryngectomized males produced significantly higher formant frequencies, F-1, F-2, and F-3, compared to normal volunteers, and this is consistent with literature. Chemoradiotherapy and postoperative complications significantly influenced the formant scores in the laryngectomee population. This study shows that robust and reliable data could be obtained using electroglottography and LPC in normal volunteers and laryngectomees using a sustained vowel.

关键词： formant laryngectomy linear predictive coding

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Automatic oscillations detection and quantification in process control loops using linear predictive coding

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ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL-JESTECH 2020年第1期23卷 123-143页

作者： Sharma, Sachin Kumar, Vineet Rana, K. P. S. Netaji Subhas Univ Technol Instrumentat & Control Engn Dept Azad Hind Fauj MargSect 3 New Delhi 110078 India

Oscillations in control loops are very common and primarily responsible for product quality variations and therefore may reduce profitability of the plant. Further, there can also be multiple oscillations at the same time due to multiple sources such as improper tuned controllers, disturbances and nonlinearity etc. Detection and estimation of oscillation is desired for their effective compensation which becomes a challenging task particularly in presence of noise. This paper presents a novel oscillation detection method based on linear predictive coding (LPC). In the proposed technique roots of the linear predictive polynomial are used to detect the oscillations. Further, for the quantification spectrum of cross-correlation of linear predictive residual and original data is used. The effectiveness of the proposed oscillation detection technique has been demonstrated with several simulation examples and actual plant data. The comparative investigation with the empirical mode decomposition method, generally employed for this task, revealed that proposed technique is simple, fast, robust and capable of handling slow varying trends. (C) 2019 Karabuk University. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Oscillation detection linear predictive coding Stiction linear predictive polynomial Cross-correlation

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EFFICIENT CODEBOOK SEARCH PROCEDURE FOR VECTOR-SUM EXCITED linear predictive coding OF SPEECH

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ELECTRONICS LETTERS 1994年第22期30卷 1830-1831页

作者： CHAN, CF CHUI, SP Dept. of Electron. Eng. City Polytech. of Hong Kong Kowloon

An efficient codebook search method for the EIA/TIA IS-54 vector-sum excited linear predictive (VSELP) speech coder is described. The method uses a two-stage search procedure. In the first stage, diagonal approximation of the correlation matrix of the filtered basis vectors is assumed and a simple sign detection procedure is used to identify a codeword which is close to the optimum codeword. In the second stage, a refinement search is carried out on those codewords which have a Hamming distance of one from the codeword obtained in the first stage. The new search procedure has a complexity only proportional to the bit rate which is much faster than the Gray code search employed in the IS-54 VSELP coder. Simulation results show that the SNR obtained using the proposed fast procedure is the same as that obtained in the standard VSELP coder.

关键词： linear predictive coding SPEECH coding

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Dominant frequency component tracking of noisy time-varying signals using the linear predictive coding pole processing method

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ELECTRONICS LETTERS 2022年第2期58卷 79-81页

作者： Xu, Jin Davis, Mark de Frein, Ruairi Technol Univ Dublin Sch Elect & Elect Engn Dublin Ireland

The linear predictive coding pole processing (LPCPP) method proposed in our previous work overcomes the shortcomings of the LPC method, especially its sensitivity to noise and the filter order. The LPCPP method is a parameterised method that involves processing the LPC poles to produce a series of reduced-order filter transfer functions to estimate the dominant frequency components of a signal. This paper analyses the ability of the LPCPP method to track the frequency changes of noisy, time-varying signals in real-time. linear chirped frequency modulation signals are used in a series of experiments to simulate signals with different rates of frequency change. The results show that the LPCPP method can achieve real-time tracking of the dominant frequency in the signal and outperforms the LPC method under different frequency change rates and different noise levels. Specifically, the valid estimate percentage of LPCPP is up to 41.3% higher than that of LPC which indicates that the LPCPP method significantly improves the validity of frequency estimates.

关键词： signal processing noisy time-varying signals linear predictive coding chirp modulation real-time tracking LPC method transfer functions LPC poles parameterised method frequency change rates frequency estimates filtering theory frequency estimation reduced-order filter transfer functions dominant frequency component tracking frequency modulation linear chirped frequency modulation signals filter order linear predictive coding pole processing method LPCPP method

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DETECTING AND LOCATING KEY WORDS IN CONTINUOUS SPEECH USING linear predictive coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ACOUSTICS SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 1977年第5期25卷 361-367页

作者： CHRISTIANSEN, RW RUSHFORTH, CK EYRING RES INST PROVOUT 84601 UNIV UTAH DEPT ELECT ENGNSALT LAKE CITYUT 84112

This paper considers the problem of automatically detecting and locating key words in a stream of continuous speech. The system described here is a template-matching procedure which uses as its basic waveform features a set of linear prediction coefficients. The similarity measure between a segment of the template and a segment of the incoming speech stream is taken to be a ratio of minimum prediction residuals. This similarity measure is used in conjunction with a dynamic-programming time-warp algorithm developed by Bridle and a novel method for using multiple templates. Using templates and incoming speech spoken by the same person in a quiet room, an accuracy in excess of 99 percent was obtained. Further experiments are described which explore cross-speaker word spotting and the effects of noise on system performance. The results of these experiments suggest that the technique described in this paper could well form the basis for a practical system.

关键词： Speech coding linear predictive coding Heuristic algorithms Signal processing algorithms Acoustic waves Speech recognition Dynamic programming System performance Vocabulary Acoustic signal detection

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Audio Signal Classification Using linear predictive coding and Random Forests 9

Audio Signal Classification Using Linear Predictive Coding a...

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International Conference on Speech Technology and Human-Computer Dialogue (SpeD)

作者： Grama, Lacrimioara Rusu, Corneliu Tech Univ Cluj Napoca Fac Elect Telecommun & Informat Technol Basis Elect Dept Signal Proc Grp Cluj Napoca Romania

ISBN: (纸本)9781509064977

The goal of this work is to present an audio signal classification system based on linear predictive coding and Random Forests. We consider the problem of multiclass classification with imbalanced datasets. The signals under classification belong to the class of sounds from wildlife intruder detection applications: birds, gunshots, chainsaws, human voice and tractors. The proposed system achieves an overall correct classification rate of 99.25% There is no probability of false alarms in the case of birds or human voices. For the other three classes the probability is low, around 0.3% The false omission rate is also low: around 0.2% for birds and tractors, a little bit higher for chainsaws (0.4%), lower for gunshots (0.14%) and zero for human voices.

关键词： random forests audio signal classification intruder detection linear predictive coding

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Packet Loss Concealment for VoIP Based on Pitch Waveform Replication and linear predictive coding

Packet Loss Concealment for VoIP Based on Pitch Waveform Rep...

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IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS)

作者： Toyoshima, Masahiro Shimamura, Tetsuya Saitama Univ Grad Sch Sci & Engn Sakura Ku Saitama 3388570 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781479952304

In this paper, we propose a Packet Loss Concealment (PLC) method. Our method is based on Pitch Waveform Replication (PWR) and linear predictive coding (LPC). The estimated packet using LPC is better than that using PWR at a near boundary of the lost packet and the received one. On the other hand, the estimated packet using PWR is better than that using LPC at a distant boundary. Therefore, we combine the two estimated packets by considering the merits and demerits of PWR and LPC. Experimental results show that the proposed method provides better Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ) scores than the conventional methods. Especially PESQ scores of the proposed method are remarkably excellent in the case of male voice.

关键词： Internet telephony linear codes speech coding LPC PESQ scores PWR VoIP linear predictive coding packet loss concealment pitch waveform replication speech quality Delays Internet Jitter linear predictive coding Packet loss Speech linear Prediction coding Packet loss PCSK7 gene Voice over Internet Protocol Internet telephony speech coding linear codes PRESSURIZED WATER REACTOR Jitter PESQ Speech Internets

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Local linear predictive coding for High Resolution Time-Frequency Analysis 17

Local Linear Predictive Coding for High Resolution Time-Freq...

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17th IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT)

作者： Ishiyama, Fumihiko NTT Corp NTT Network Technol Labs Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781538646625

We are developing a method of time-frequency analysis on the basis of linear predictive coding (LPC). In contrast to standard LPC, which assumes an infinite number of samples, our method obtains instantaneous frequencies, instantaneous amplitude vary rates, and instantaneous amplitudes from a small number of samples. The time width for single local analysis can be much narrower than the period of oscillation of a given time series, enabling high resolution time-frequency analysis. We outline our method and use it to analyze electro-magnetic noise in comparison with short time Fourier transform to show its resolution.

关键词： Time-frequency analysis linear predictive coding nonlinear oscillator expansion

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Scalable linear predictive coding of time-consistent 3D mesh sequences

Scalable linear predictive coding of time-consistent 3D mesh...

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1st International Conference on 3DTV

作者： Stefanoski, Nikolce Liu, Xiaoliang Klie, Patrick Ostermann, Joern Leibniz Univ Hannover D-30167 Hannover Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781424407217

We present a linear predictive compression approach for time-consistent 3D mesh sequences supporting and exploiting scalability. The algorithm decomposes each frame of a mesh sequence in layers employing patch-based mesh simplification techniques. This layered decomposition is consistent in time. Following the predictive coding paradigm, local temporal and spatial dependencies between layers and frames are exploited for compression. Prediction is performed vertex-wise from coarse to fine layers exploiting the motion of already encoded I-ring neighbor vertices for prediction of the current vertex location. It is shown that a predictive exploitation of the proposed layered configuration of vertices can improve the compression performance upon other state-of-the-art approaches by up to 16% in domains relevant for applications.

关键词： animation compression dynamic 3D mesh coding scalability linear predictive coding time-consistent mesh sequence

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Detection of Oscillatory Failures in Hydraulic Actuators of Aircraft using linear predictive coding and Signal Spectrum Analysis 22

Detection of Oscillatory Failures in Hydraulic Actuators of ...

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22nd World Congress of the International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC)

作者： Ashraf, Fawad Farooq Mobeen, Surrayya Khan, Hafiz Zeeshan Iqbal Haydar, Muhammad Farooq Riaz, Jamshed Ctr Excellence Sci & Appl Technol Islamabad Pakistan Inst Space Technol Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Islamabad Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9781713872344

This paper focuses on fault detection for oscillatory failures in hydraulic actuators of aircraft. These oscillatory failures, if not rectified in time, can cause severe loads on the airframe and eventually lead to structural damage. In this paper, a novel oscillatory failure case (OFC) detection algorithm is proposed which uses a nonlinear observer based on the mathematical model of the actuator in order to generate residual following a linear predictive coding analysis of the residual to detect oscillatory behavior. Finally, OFC decisions are made after the quantification of the residual in frequency domain. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, results are presented using a high-fidelity industrial benchmark simulation. Furthermore, a comparative study is provided against an existing technique. Copyright (c) 2023 The Authors.

关键词： Oscillatory Failure Hydraulic Actuator Fault Detection linear predictive coding Signal Spectrum

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