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Specification, design, and implementation of logic controllers based on colored Petri net models and the standard IEC 1131 part I:: Specification and design

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY 1999年第6期7卷 657-665页

作者： Feldmann, K Colombo, AW Schnur, C Stöckel, T Univ Erlangen Nurnberg Inst Mfg Automat & Prod Syst D-91058 Erlangen Germany

This work aims at designing and implementing logic control structures that allow a combination of the advantages of classical techniques for the development of programmable logic controller code and elimination of disadvantages such as the lack of formal validation, Part I of this paper introduces ordered color Petri nets in combination with some extensions as a modeling tool for logic controllers. The validation of both the model and the specifications of the logic control structures is then pursued through a structural analysis of the net. Part Il will introduce a method to automatically generate code for a programmable logic controller from a validated textual description of this kind of Petri nets. A special compiler that generates code according to the standard IEC 1131 is discussed. The modeling and implementation of a logic control system of a sector of a flexible assembly cell serves as an example, applying the methods introduced in Part I and Part II.

关键词： colored Petri nets IEC 1131 logic controllers programmable logic controllers (PLC's)

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Designing dependable logic controllers using algebraic specifications

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CONTROL ENGINEERING PRACTICE 2006年第10期14卷 1143-1155页

作者： Roussel, Jean-Marc Faure, Jean-Marc ENS LURPA F-94235 Cachan France SUPMECA F-93407 St Ouen France

Formal methods can strongly contribute to improve dependability of logic controllers during design, by providing means to avoid flaws due to designers' omissions or specifications misinterpretations. This article presents a formal synthesis method that is aimed at obtaining the control laws of a logic system from specifications given in natural language. The formal framework that underlies the method is a Boolean algebra for logic discrete event systems. The operations and relations of this algebra enable to represent controller specifications formally, to detect inconsistencies within specifications and to generate control laws from a consistent specifications set. The scalability of this method is clearly demonstrated with the help of the case study of an experimental manufacturing line. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： discrete event systems formal methods dependability logic controllers algebraic approach Boolean algebra

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Dual synthesis of Petri net based application specific logic controllers with increased safety

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BULLETIN OF THE POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES-TECHNICAL SCIENCES 2016年第3期64卷 467-478页

作者： Tkacz, J. Bukowiec, A. Adamski, M. Univ Zielona Gora 9 Licealna St PL-65417 Zielona Gora Poland

In the paper, design flow of the application specific logic controllers with increased safety by means of Petri nets is proposed. The controller architecture is based on duplicated control unit and comparison results from both units. One specification of control algorithm is used by means of Petri net for both units. The hardware duplication is obtained during dual synthesis process. This process uses two different logic synthesis methods to obtain two different hardware configurations for both control units. Additionally, the dual verification is applied to increase reliability of the control algorithm. Such design flow simplifies the process of realization of control systems with increased safety.

关键词： critical safety FPGAs logic controllers logic synthesis Petri nets verification

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Behavioural specification of programs for modular reconfigurable logic controllers

Behavioural specification of programs for modular reconfigur...

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International Conference on Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems

作者： Adamski, M. Univ Zielona Gora Inst Comp Engn & Elect Zielona Gora Poland

ISBN: (纸本)8392263219

In the paper the outline of the modular, reconfigurable logic Controller design is presented. As the initial specification, Sequential Function Chart (SFC -1131) is considered, as well as its equivalent textual specification in Structured Text. The focused items of design are: modification of the initial specification of the controller by means of introducing separate Control Part, described as SFC without complex conditions of transitions and only with combinational qualifiers and outputs, and a data path on register transfer level. In the proposed design methodology, after "lifting" such kind of sound SFC is treated as a particular kind of modular control interpreted Petri net. It is first formally analysed, and later described and simulated in HDL enviromnent. Such verified and tested behavioural specification is mapped directly into FPGA matrix structure of Reconfigurable logic Controller by using standard or dedicated synthesis tools. The dedicated data path is treated as a complex Functional Building Block, which is combined from previously designed modules - IP cores.

关键词： reconfigurable logic embedded system logic controllers Hardware Description Languages

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FPGA-based Embedded logic controllers

FPGA-based Embedded Logic Controllers

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7th International Conference on Human System Interactions (HSI)

作者： Wegrzyn, Marek Adamski, Marian Karatkevich, Andrei Munoz, Alfredo Rosado Univ Zielona Gora Inst Comp Engn & Elect Zielona Gora Poland Univ Valencia Sch Engn Dept Elect Engn GPDS Valencia Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781479947140

In general case, reconfigurable logic controllers (RLC) are included into reactive digital embedded systems, carrying out control for several processes proceeding concurrently. The paper presents a practical application of a formal, rule-based specification language in Gentzen sequent logic, which is used as an intermediate textual description of a control interpreted Petri net. On the other hand exactly the same description serves also as logic design expressions, related with different versions of functionally equivalent concurrent state machine models, considered on Register Transfer Level. The symbolic rule-based specification of Petri net-based embedded logic controllers (LCs) can be step-by step formally transformed into the final specification of concurrent state machine model, closely related with VHDL description, suitable for a direct mapping in reconfigurable logic devices. In this paper it is proposed novel compact form of logic descriptions, directly based on event-oriented specification, where it is assumed that macrocells can be implicitly formed by synthesis tool as containing virtual T flip-flops.

关键词： Embedded systems reactive systems Petri nets logic controllers FPGA decision rules Gentzen sequent logic VHDL

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Modeling and Implementation of Concurrent logic controllers with Use of Petri Nets,LSMs and Sequent Calculus

Modeling and Implementation of Concurrent Logic Controllers ...

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Conference on Photonics Applications in Astronomy, Communications, Industry, and High Energy Physics Experiments

作者： Tkacz, J. Bukowiec, A. Doligalski, M. Univ Zielona Gora Fac Comp Sci Elect Engn & Automat Ul Licealna 9 Zielona Gora Poland Higher Sch Comp Sci & Management Copernicus Wrocl Fac Comp Sci Adm & Physiotherapy Ul Inowroclawska 56 Wroclaw Poland

ISBN: (数字)9781510613553

ISBN: (纸本)9781510613553;9781510613546

The paper presentes the method of modeling and implementation of concurrent controllers. Concurrent controllers are speci fi ed by Petri nets. Then Petri nets are decomposed using symbolic deduction method of analysis. Formal methods like sequent calculus system with considered elements of Thelen's algorithm have been used here. As a result, linked state machines (LSMs) are received. Each FSM is implemented using methods of structural decomposition during process of logic synthesis. The method of multiple encoding of microinstruction has been applied. It leads to decreased number of Boolean function realized by combinational part of FSM. The additional decoder could be implemented with the use of memory blocks.

关键词： boolean algebra circuit synthesis FPGAs logic controllers Petri nets sequential circuits

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Dynamic reconfiguration of Petri net logic controllers based on modified net rewriting systems

Dynamic reconfiguration of Petri net logic controllers based...

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IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics Automation

作者： Li, Jun Dai, Xianzhong Meng, Zhengda SE Univ Dept Automat Control Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)078039044X

A method for dynamic reconfiguration of Petri nets (PN) logic controllers for reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS) is presented. It is based on modified net rewriting systems (MNRS) that overcome the limitation of the net rewriting systems (NRS) introduced by E. Badouel et al and can preserve the important properties, i.e. liveness, boundedness (safeness) and reversibility, of a Petri net rewritten. Subsequently, a reconfigurable logic controller (RLC) is defined as a MNRS for reconfiguring a PN logic controller and the implementation algorithm is designed. Using this method only the rewriting of the existing PN logic controller is needed and the efforts of redesign and verification of a new PN logic controller are avoided with respect to a new configuration of its RMS. We illustrate the reconfiguration procedures by a RMS example.

关键词： reconfigurable manufacturing systems Petri nets net rewriting systems logic controllers control reconfiguration

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Validation of logic controllers from events observation in a closed-loop system 19

Validation of logic controllers from events observation in a...

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19th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technology and Factory Automation (ETFA)

作者： Guignard, Anais Faure, Jean-Marc Ecole Normale Super Automated Prod Res Lab LURPA F-94230 Cachan France

ISBN: (纸本)9781479948451

Numerous worthwhile results have been published in the last two decades on validation of logic controllers by using formal methods like model-checking or conformance testing. Whatever the merits of these contributions, the first approach considers only a model of the control code while the second one focuses on an isolated controller that executes this code. However, from a control engineering point of view, validation of a logic controller requires also to analyze the behavior of the controller when it is connected to the plant it must control to form a closed-loop system. This paper proposes a method to check, from observation of I/O events, whether the behavior of such a controller conforms to its specification. The principle of this method is to build a model of the closed-loop system from the observed I/O events then to compare this model to the specification model. A criterion to terminate the observation step is defined by using previous results on identification of discrete event systems. This method is illustrated on a small example.

关键词： closed loop systems control engineering computing discrete event systems formal verification programmable controllers closed-loop system events observation logic controllers Analytical models Automata Biological system modeling Buildings Closed loop systems Discrete-event systems Radiation detectors

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Designing dependable logic controllers using algebraic specifications 7

Designing dependable logic controllers using algebraic speci...

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7th Workshop on Discrete Event Systems

作者： Roussel, Jean-Marc Faure, Jean-Marc ENS LURPA F-94235 Cachan France SUPMECA F-93407 St Ouen France

关键词： discrete event systems formal methods dependability logic controllers algebraic approach Boolean algebra

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Demand Side Management System using Programmable logic controllers 3

Demand Side Management System using Programmable Logic Contr...

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3rd International Conference on Innovative Mechanisms for Industry Applications, ICIMIA 2023

作者： Prem Kumar, R. Mohanraj, C. Karthikeyan, R. Prameeth, J. Sri Eshwar College of Engineering Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Coimbatore India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350343632

Demand Side Management (DSM), which regulates consumer energy usage to lower peak demand and boost system reliability, is a crucial component of contemporary power systems. This study suggests a novel method for programming. The proposed control device for DSM implementation employs programmable logic controllers (PLCs). The proposed system includes a central control unit that communicates with multiple smart meters installed in households and commercial buildings via PLCs. The control unit collects real-time data on energy consumption and uses it to manage the demand in a coordinated and efficient manner. The design and implementation of the proposed DSM system using PLCs. Also, this study discusses about the hardware and software components used in the proposed system, including the PLCs, communication protocol, and user interface. Further, this study describes the control algorithms that are used to manage the demand and its implementation using ladder logic programming. Finally, this study shows the findings from simulations and experimental tests performed to assess the efficiency and dependability of the suggested DSM system. Customers can also monitor their energy use with the system's user interface, and they can change their usage habits in reaction to demand signals. The proposed system provides accurate and timely control of energy consumption and allows consumers to adjust their energy usage in response to changing demand signals. The system is also easy to implement and can be easily scaled to meet the needs of large power distribution networks. The suggested DSM, in general PLCs have the potential to increase the effectiveness and dependability of any system while benefiting both utilities and consumers. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： logic controllers PLC Power Systems Smart Meters

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