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An overview of Ciao and its design philosophy

THEORY AND PRACTICE OF logic programming 2012年第1-2期12卷 219-252页

作者： Hermenegildo, M. V. Bueno, F. Carro, M. Lopez-Garcia, P. Mera, E. Morales, J. F. Puebla, G. Univ Politecn Madrid Fac Informat E-28660 Madrid Spain Madrid Inst Adv Studies Software Dev Technol IMDE Madrid 28660 Spain Spanish Res Council Madrid 28006 Spain Univ Complutense Madrid Fac Informat E-28040 Madrid Spain

We provide an overall description of the Ciao multiparadigm programming system emphasizing some of the novel aspects and motivations behind its design and implementation. An important aspect of Ciao is that, in addition to supporting logic programming (and, in particular, Prolog), it provides the programmer with a large number of useful features from different programming paradigms and styles and that the use of each of these features (including those of Prolog) can be turned on and off at will for each program module. Thus, a given module may be using, e. g., higher order functions and constraints, while another module may be using assignment, predicates, Prolog meta-programming, and concurrency. Furthermore, the language is designed to be extensible in a simple and modular way. Another important aspect of Ciao is its programming environment, which provides a powerful preprocessor (with an associated assertion language) capable of statically finding non-trivial bugs, verifying that programs comply with specifications, and performing many types of optimizations (including automatic parallelization). Such optimizations produce code that is highly competitive with other dynamic languages or, with the (experimental) optimizing compiler, even that of static languages, all while retaining the flexibility and interactive development of a dynamic language. This compilation architecture supports modularity and separate compilation throughout. The environment also includes a powerful autodocumenter and a unit testing framework, both closely integrated with the assertion system. The paper provides an informal overview of the language and program development environment. It aims at illustrating the design philosophy rather than at being exhaustive, which would be impossible in a single journal paper, pointing instead to previous Ciao literature.

关键词： Prolog logic programming system assertions verification extensible languages

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Using SWISH to Realize Interactive Web-based Tutorials for logic-based Languages

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THEORY AND PRACTICE OF logic programming 2019年第2期19卷 229-261页

作者： Wielemaker, Jan Riguzzi, Fabrizio Kowalski, Robert A. Lager, Torbjorn Sadri, Fariba Calejo, Miguel Ctr Wiskunde & Informat Amsterdam Netherlands Univ Ferrara Dept Math & Comp Sci Ferrara Italy Imperial Coll London England Univ Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden Log Contracts Lisbon Portugal

programming environments have evolved from purely text based to using graphical user interfaces, and now we see a move toward web-based interfaces, such as Jupyter. Web-based interfaces allow for the creation of interactive documents that consist of text and programs, as well as their output. The output can be rendered using web technology as, for example, text, tables, charts, or graphs. This approach is particularly suitable for capturing data analysis workflows and creating interactive educational material. This article describes SWISH, a web front-end for Prolog that consists of a web server implemented in SWI-Prolog and a client web application written in JavaScript. SWISH provides a web server where multiple users can manipulate and run the same material, and it can be adapted to support Prolog extensions. In this article we describe the architecture of SWISH, and describe two case studies of extensions of Prolog, namely Probabilistic logic programming and logic Production system, which have used SWISH to provide tutorial sites.

关键词： Prolog logic programming system notebook interface web

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The BinProlog experience: Architecture and implementation choices for continuation passing Prolog and first-class logic engines

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THEORY AND PRACTICE OF logic programming 2012年第1-2期12卷 97-126页

作者： Tarau, Paul Univ N Texas Dept Comp Sci & Engn Denton TX 76203 USA

We describe the BinProlog system's compilation technology, runtime system and its extensions supporting first-class logic Engines while providing a short history of its development, details of some of its newer re-implementations as well as an overview of the most important architectural choices involved in their design. With focus on its differences with conventional Warren Abstract Machine (WAM) implementations, we explain key details of BinProlog's compilation technique, which replaces the WAM with a simplified continuation passing runtime system (the "BinWAM"), based on a mapping of full Prolog to binary logic programs. This is followed by a description of a term compression technique using a "tag-on-data" representation. Later derivatives, the Java-based Jinni Prolog compiler and the recently developed Lean Prolog system refine the BinProlog architecture with first-class logic Engines, made generic through the use of an Interactor interface. An overview of their applications with focus on the ability to express at source level a wide variety of Prolog built-ins and extensions covers these newer developments.

关键词： Prolog logic programming system continuation passing style compilation implementation of Prolog first-class logic engines data-representations for Prolog runtime systems

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On the implementation of GNU Prolog

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THEORY AND PRACTICE OF logic programming 2012年第1-2期12卷 253-282页

作者： Diaz, Daniel Abreu, Salvador Codognet, Philippe Univ Paris 01 F-75013 Paris France Univ Evora P-7004516 Evora Portugal Centria FCT UNL P-7004516 Evora Portugal Univ Tokyo JFLI CNRS Tokyo Japan

GNU Prolog is a general-purpose implementation of the Prolog language, which distinguishes itself from most other systems by being, above all else, a native-code compiler which produces stand-alone executables which do not rely on any bytecode emulator or meta-interpreter. Other aspects which stand out include the explicit organization of the Prolog system as a multipass compiler, where intermediate representations are materialized, in Unix compiler tradition. GNU Prolog also includes an extensible and high-performance finite-domain constraint solver, integrated with the Prolog language but implemented using independent lower-level mechanisms. This paper discusses the main issues involved in designing and implementing GNU Prolog: requirements, system organization, performance, and portability issues as well as its position with respect to other Prolog system implementations and the ISO standardization initiative.

关键词： Prolog logic programming system GNU ISO WAM native code compilation finite-domain constraints

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SICStus Prolog-The first 25 years

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THEORY AND PRACTICE OF logic programming 2012年第1-2期12卷 35-66页

作者： Carlsson, Mats Mildner, Per SICS SE-16429 Kista Sweden

SICStus Prolog has evolved for nearly 25 years. This is an appropriate point in time for revisiting the main language and design decisions, and try to distill some lessons. SICStus Prolog was conceived in a context of multiple, conflicting Prolog dialect camps and a fledgling standardization effort. We reflect on the impact of this effort and role model implementations on our development. After summarizing the development history, we give a guided tour of the system anatomy, exposing some designs that were not published before. We give an overview of our new interactive development environment, and describe a sample of key applications. Finally, we try to identify key good and not so good design decisions.

关键词： Prolog logic programming system virtual machine compilers memory management

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ECLⁱPS^e - From LP to CLP

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THEORY AND PRACTICE OF logic programming 2012年第1-2期12卷 127-156页

作者： Schimpf, Joachim Shen, Kish Monash Univ Melbourne Vic Australia Coninfer Ltd London England

(ECLPSe)-P-i is a Prolog-based programming system, aimed at the development and deployment of constraint programming applications. It is also used for teaching most aspects of combinatorial problem solving, for example, problem modelling, constraint programming, mathematical programming and search techniques. It uses an extended Prolog as its high-level modelling and control language, complemented by several constraint solver libraries, interfaces to third-party solvers, an integrated development environment and interfaces for embedding into host environments. This paper discusses language extensions, implementation aspects, components, and tools that we consider relevant on the way from logic programming to Constraint logic programming.

关键词： Prolog logic programming system constraint solver modelling

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The YAP Prolog system

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THEORY AND PRACTICE OF logic programming 2012年第1-2期12卷 5-34页

作者： Costa, Vitor Santos Rocha, Ricardo Damas, Luis Univ Porto Fac Sci DCC P-4169007 Oporto Portugal Univ Porto Fac Sci CRACS INESC Porto LA P-4169007 Oporto Portugal Univ Porto Fac Sci LIACC P-4169007 Oporto Portugal

Yet Another Prolog (YAP) is a Prolog system originally developed in the mid-eighties and that has been under almost constant development since then. This paper presents the general structure and design of the YAP system, focusing on three important contributions to the logic programming community. First, it describes the main techniques used in YAP to achieve an efficient Prolog engine. Second, most logic programming systems have a rather limited indexing algorithm. YAP contributes to this area by providing a dynamic indexing mechanism, or just-in-time indexer. Third, a important contribution of the YAP system has been the integration of both or-parallelism and tabling in a single logic programming system.

关键词： Prolog logic programming system

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logic PROGRAMS AND AN EXPERIMENTAL ARCHITECTURE FOR THEIR EXECUTION

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-E COMPUTERS AND DIGITAL TECHNIQUES 1986年第3期133卷 163-167页

作者： OLDFIELD, JV Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Syracuse University Syracuse USA

logic programming provides new ways of solving problems by computer, and offers opportunities for concurrent processing. The declarative style of logic programming is contrasted with the imperative style of conventional programming languages. A simple example of a logic network is used to draw out the distinction, and is followed by a review of the corresponding execution sequence. The operations of variable binding and unification are discussed in detail. The Syracuse unification machine, a coprocessor for a logic programming system, has been designed to carry out these operations efficiently with the aid of concurrent processing units and content-addressable memory.

关键词： content-addressable memory Syracuse unification machine logic programming system Artificial intelligence logic network concurrent processing concurrent processing units coprocessor experimental architecture conventional programming languages systems analysis and programming logic programming

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SWI-Prolog

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THEORY AND PRACTICE OF logic programming 2012年第1-2期12卷 67-96页

作者： Wielemaker, Jan Schrijvers, Tom Triska, Markus Lager, Torbjorn Vrije Univ Amsterdam Fac Sci NL-1081 HV Amsterdam Netherlands Univ Ghent Dept Appl Math & Comp Sci B-9000 Ghent Belgium Vienna Univ Technol Inst Informat Syst 184 2 Abt Datenbanken & Artificial Intelligence A-1040 Vienna Austria Univ Gothenburg Dept Philosophy Linguist & Theory Sci S-40530 Gothenburg Sweden

SWI-Prolog is neither a commercial Prolog system nor a purely academic enterprise, but increasingly a community project. The core system has been shaped to its current form while being used as a tool for building research prototypes, primarily for knowledge-intensive and interactive systems. Community contributions have added several interfaces and the constraint (CLP) libraries. Commercial involvement has created the initial garbage collector, added several interfaces and two development tools: PlDoc (a literate programming documentation system) and PlUnit (a unit testing environment). In this article, we present SWI-Prolog as an integrating tool, supporting a wide range of ideas developed in the Prolog community and acting as glue between foreign resources. This article itself is the glue between technical articles on SWI-Prolog, providing context and experience in applying them over a longer period.

关键词： Prolog logic programming system

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The language features and architecture of B-Prolog

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THEORY AND PRACTICE OF logic programming 2012年第1-2期12卷 189-218页

作者： Zhou, Neng-Fa CUNY Dept Comp & Informat Sci Brooklyn Coll New York NY 10021 USA CUNY Grad Ctr New York NY 10021 USA

B-Prolog is a high-performance implementation of the standard Prolog language with several extensions including matching clauses, action rules for event handling, finite-domain constraint solving, arrays and hash tables, declarative loop constructs, and tabling. The B-Prolog system is based on the Tree-Oriented Abstract Machine (TOAM) architecture which differs from the Warren Abstract Machine (WAM) mainly in that (1) arguments are passed old fashionedly through the stack, (2) only one frame is used for each predicate call, and (3) instructions are provided for encoding matching trees. The most recent architecture, called TOAM Jr., departs further from the WAM in that it employs no registers for arguments or temporary variables, and provides variable-size instructions for encoding predicate calls. This paper gives an overview of the language features and a detailed description of the TOAM Jr. architecture, including architectural support for action rules and tabling.

关键词： Prolog logic programming system

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