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Efficient reference frame compression scheme for video coding systems: algorithm and VLSI design

JOURNAL OF REAL-TIME IMAGE PROCESSING 2019年第2期16卷 391-411页

作者： Silveira, Dieison Povala, Guilherme Amaral, Livia Zatt, Bruno Agostini, Luciano Porto, Marcelo Fed Univ Pelotas UFPel Grp Architectures & Integrated Circuits GACI Pelotas RS Brazil Fed Univ Rio Grande do Sul UFRGS Inst Informat Porto Alegre RS Brazil

One of the most concerning issues in current video coding systems relies on the bottleneck caused by the intense external memory access required by motion estimation. As memory access affects directly the energy consumption, this problem becomes more evident when battery-powered devices are considered. In this sense, this article presents the Double Differential reference frame Compressor (DDRFC), which is a low-complexity and lossless solution to compress the reference frames before storing them in the external memory. The DDRFC performs intra-block double differential coding over 64 x 64-sample blocks to prepare the data for a static Huffman coding. The DDRFC guarantees block-level random access by avoiding data dependencies between neighboring blocks. It reaches an average compression ratio of 69% for luminance samples for 1080 p video sequences, outperforming any lossless reference frame compressor available in the current literature. Hardware architectures for both the DDRFC encoder and decoder were designed and synthesized targeting FPGA and ASIC 180 and 65-nm standard cells libraries. The synthesis results show that with 65 nm, the DDRFC architectures are able to process 2160 p video at 30 FPS or 1080 p at 120 FPS with a power dissipation of 5.01 mW. The DDRFC codec reaches more than 68% of energy savings when considering memory communication for HD and UHD video processing.

关键词： Video coding HEVC lossless reference frame compression Memory bandwidth reduction Hardware design Differential coding Huffman coding

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reference frame context-adaptive variable-length coder: a real-time hardware-friendly approach for lossless external memory bandwidth reduction in current video-coding systems

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JOURNAL OF REAL-TIME IMAGE PROCESSING 2018年第2期14卷 249-265页

作者： Silveira, Dieison Zatt, Bruno Agostini, Luciano Porto, Marcelo Fed Univ Pelotas UFPel Grp Architectures & Integrated Circuits GACI Pelotas RS Brazil

Video-coding systems require a large external memory bandwidth to encode a single video frame. Many modules of the current video encoders must access the external memory to read and write data resulting in large power consumption, since memory-related power is dominant in current digital systems. Moreover, external memory access represents an important performance bottleneck in current multimedia systems. In this sense, this article presents the reference frame Context Adaptive Variable-Length Coder (RFCAVLC), which is a low-complexity lossless solution to compress the reference data before storing them in the external memory. The proposed approach is based on Huffman codes and employs eight static code tables to avoid the cost of the on-the-fly statistical analysis. The best table to encode each block is selected at run time using a context evaluation, resulting in a context-adaptive configuration. The proposed RFCAVLC reaches an average compression ratio superior to 32 % for the evaluated video sequences. The RFCAVLC architectures, encoder, and decoder were designed and synthesized targeting FPGA and 65 nm TSMC standard cell library. The RFCAVLC design is able to reach real-time encoding for WQSXGA (3,200 x 2,048 pixels) at 33 fps. The RFCAVLC also achieves power savings related to external memory communication that exceed 30 % when processing HD 1,080p videos at 30 fps.

关键词： Video coding Memory bandwidth reduction lossless reference frame compression Real-time architectures

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Memory Bandwidth Reduction for H.264 and HEVC Encoders Using lossless reference frame Coding

Memory Bandwidth Reduction for H.264 and HEVC Encoders Using...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： Silveira, Dieison Povala, Guilherme Amaral, Livia Zatt, Bruno Agostini, Luciano Porto, Marcelo Univ Fed Pelotas Grp Architectures & Integrated Circuits Pelotas RS Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781479934324

This paper presents a hardware-efficient algorithm for external memory bandwidth reduction focusing on the state-of-the-art video encoders, like H.264/AVC and HEVC. The proposed approach is a lossless solution based on an adaptation of the traditional Huffman algorithm. This solution is entitled RFCAVLC8T (reference frame Context Adaptive Variable-Length Coder with 8 Tables) and is based on the use of off-line defined static Huffman tables. The RFCAVLC8T is a hardware-efficient version of the Huffman algorithm that employs eight static tables to avoid the cost of the on-the-fly Huffman statistical analysis. The best table to encode a block is selected at run time using a context evaluation, resulting in a context-adaptive configuration. The use of RFCAVLC8T reaches an average compression rate higher than 35% for the evaluated video sequences, with computational cost of a single VLC.

关键词： Video coding motion estimation memory bandwidth reduction lossless reference frame compression

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A LOW-COMPLEXITY AND lossless reference frame ENCODER ALGORITHM FOR VIDEO CODING

A LOW-COMPLEXITY AND LOSSLESS REFERENCE FRAME ENCODER ALGORI...

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Silveira, Dieison Povala, Guilherme Amaral, Livia Zatt, Bruno Agostini, Luciano Porto, Marcelo Fed Univ Pelotas UFPel Grp Architectures & Integrated Circuits GACI Pelotas RS Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781479928934

This paper presents a lossless coding solution to reduce the large overhead of external memory communication during the motion estimation process in current video coders. Our solution is called Differential reference frame Coder (DRFC), and uses two techniques together to compress the reference frame: a differential coding based on a simplified intra-prediction process to reduce the spatial redundancy of the reference samples, and a simple VLC applied to differential coding residues. The proposed solution reaches an average compression rate higher than 45% for the evaluated HD 1080p video sequences. This is a lossless and low-complexity solution, and could easily be implemented in hardware.

关键词： lossless reference frame compression differential coding memory bandwidth reduction motion estimation video coding

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Memory Bandwidth Reduction for H.264 and HEVC Encoders Using lossless reference frame Coding

Memory Bandwidth Reduction for H.264 and HEVC Encoders Using...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems

作者： Dieison Silveira Guilherme Povala Livia Amaral Bruno Zatt Luciano Agostini Marcelo Porto Group of Architectures and Integrated Circuits Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas RS Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781479934331

关键词： Video coding motion estimation memory bandwidth reduction lossless reference frame compression

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