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Multi-Hop Cooperative G-SFIM System With low-complexity detection Under Imperfect CSI

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2025年第3期74卷 4177-4191页

作者： Pang, Ke Bai, Zhiquan Yuan, Dongfeng Zhang, Haijun Kwak, Kyung Sup Changzhou Univ Sch Microelect & Control Engn Changzhou 213164 Peoples R China Shandong Univ Sch Informat Sci & Engn Shandong Key Lab Intelligent Commun & Sensing Comp Qingdao 266237 Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol Beijing Beijing Engn & Technol Res Ctr Convergence Network Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Inha Univ Dept Informat & Commun Engn Incheon 22212 South Korea

This paper proposes a multi-hop cooperative grouping space-frequency index modulation (G-SFIM) system with decode-and-forward (DF) protocol. By using group mapping and 3D constellation, the minimum Euclidean distance of the G-SFIM signals is increased. Meanwhile, the signals are conveyed through the multi-hop architecture to improve the communication reliability. Under the imperfect and perfect channel state information (CSI), the closed-form expressions of the average bit error probability (ABEP) are derived. To reduce the complexity of the optimal maximum-likelihood (ML) detection, the minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) based grouping ML (MMSE-GML), the MMSE based grouping greedy detection (MMSE-GGD), and the grouping ordered block based ML (GOB-ML) detection algorithms are proposed. Numerical results validate the correctness of the theoretical ABEP of the multi-hop cooperative G-SFIM system under different CSI conditions. Meanwhile, the proposed system achieves better ABEP performance and is less sensitive to the imperfect CSI. Additionally, the three presented low-complexity detection algorithms offer the flexible compromise between the ABEP performance and the complexity.

关键词： complexity theory Three-dimensional displays Relays Symbols detection algorithms Transmitting antennas Protocols Modulation Spectral efficiency OFDM Index modulation 3D constellation imperfect channel state information low-complexity detection

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low-complexity detection in Large-Dimension MIMO-ISI Channels Using Graphical Models

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IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING 2011年第8期5卷 1497-1511页

作者： Som, Pritam Datta, Tanumay Srinidhi, N. Chockalingam, A. Rajan, B. Sundar Indian Inst Sci Dept Elect Commun Engn Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India

In this paper, we deal with low-complexity near-optimal detection/equalization in large-dimension multiple-input multiple-output inter-symbol interference (MIMO-ISI) channels using message passing on graphical models. A key contribution in the paper is the demonstration that near-optimal performance in MIMO-ISI channels with large dimensions can be achieved at low complexities through simple yet effective simplifications/approximations, although the graphical models that represent MIMO-ISI channels are fully/densely connected (loopy graphs). These include 1) use of Markov random field (MRF)-based graphical model with pairwise interaction, in conjunction with message damping, and 2) use of factor graph (FG)-based graphical model with Gaussian approximation of interference (GAI). The per-symbol complexities are O(K(2)n(t)(2)) and O(Kn(t)) for the MRF and the FG with GAI approaches, respectively, where K and n(t) denote the number of channel uses per frame, and number of transmit antennas, respectively. These low-complexities are quite attractive for large dimensions, i.e., for large Kn(t). From a performance perspective, these algorithms are even more interesting in large-dimensions since they achieve increasingly closer to optimum detection performance for increasing Kn(t). Also, we show that these message passing algorithms can be used in an iterative manner with local neighborhood search algorithms to improve the reliability/performance of M-QAM symbol detection.

关键词： Factor graphs graphical models large dimensions low-complexity detection Markov random fields multiple-input multiple-output inter-symbol interference (MIMO-ISI) channels pairwise interaction severe delay spreads

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low-complexity detection for uplink massive MIMO SCMA systems

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IET COMMUNICATIONS 2021年第1期15卷 51-59页

作者： Sharma, Sanjeev Deka, Kuntal Beferull-Lozano, Baltasar BHU Indian Inst Technol Varanasi Uttar Pradesh India Indian Inst Technol Veling Goa India Univ Agder Dept Informat & Commun Technol Grimstad Norway

This paper presents a sparse code multiple access (SCMA) system with massive antennas at the base station. This system is referred to as M-SCMA system. A spectrally-efficient and massive access next-generation wireless network is realized through massive antennas and non-orthogonal SCMA techniques. Two detection algorithms, namely, modified message passing algorithm (MMPA) and extended message passing algorithm (EMPA) are proposed to detect multiple users' symbols in M-SCMA. A deep learning (DL)-based detection scheme is also proposed for M-SCMA so as to avoid channel estimation and to lower the detection complexity. Numerical results show that the DL-based detection has similar performance as MMPA even when the channel information is not estimated explicitly. Furthermore, authors also establish the sum rate trade-off between SCMA and orthogonal multiple access in a massive antenna system. The impact of various M-SCMA parameters such as the number of antennas and the overloading factor, on the proposed DL, MMPA, and EMPA-based detection are also investigated.

关键词： multi-access systems massive access next-generation wireless network Communications computing multiple users orthogonal multiple access nonorthogonal SCMA techniques deep learning (artificial intelligence) massive antennas extended message passing algorithm channel estimation detection complexity MMPA Multiple access communication base station low-complexity detection sparse code multiple access system spectrally-efficient access next-generation wireless network telecommunication computing message passing M-SCMA system antenna arrays Antenna arrays detection algorithms uplink massive MIMO SCMA systems EMPA-based detection next generation networks Radio links and equipment Communication channel equalisation and identification M-SCMA parameters massive antenna system MIMO communication deep learning-based detection scheme

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low-complexity detection of atrial fibrillation in continuous long-term monitoring

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COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015年 65卷 184-191页

作者： Petrenas, Andrius Marozas, Vaidotas Sornmo, Leif Kaunas Univ Technol Inst Biomed Engn LT-51423 Kaunas Lithuania Kaunas Univ Technol Fac Elect & Elect Engn LT-51423 Kaunas Lithuania Lund Univ Dept Biomed Engn Lund Sweden Lund Univ Ctr Integrat Electrocardiol Lund Sweden

This study describes an atrial fibrillation (AF) detector whose structure is well-adapted both for detection of subclinical AF episodes and for implementation in a battery-powered device for use in continuous long-term monitoring applications. A key aspect for achieving these two properties is the use of an 8-beat sliding window, which thus is much shorter than the 128-beat window used in most existing AF detectors. The building blocks of the proposed detector include ectopic beat filtering, bigeminal suppression, characterization of RR interval irregularity, and signal fusion. With one design parameter, the performance can be tuned to put more emphasis on avoiding false alarms due to non-AF arrhythmias or more emphasis on detecting brief AF episodes. Despite its very simple structure, the results show that the detector performs better on the MIT-BIH Atrial Fibrillation database than do existing detectors, with high sensitivity and specificity (97.1% and 983%, respectively). The detector can be implemented with just a few arithmetical operations and does not require a large memory buffer thanks to the short window. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Atrial fibrillation RR-based detection low-complexity detection Continuous ambulatory monitoring Brief episodes

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low-complexity detection of quadrature spatial modulation

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ELECTRONICS LETTERS 2016年第20期52卷 1729-U75页

作者： Yigit, Z. Basar, E. Istanbul Tech Univ Elect & Commun Engn Dept TR-34469 Maslak Turkey

Quadrature spatial modulation (QSM) is a recently proposed multiple-input multiple-output transmission scheme which improves the spectral efficiency of classical spatial modulation (SM) by increasing the number of information bits transmitted by antenna indices. In QSM, a complex data symbol is decomposed into its real and imaginary components;then, these two components are independently transmitted using the SM principle. A low-complexity, near-maximum likelihood (ML) error performance achieving detection scheme is proposed for QSM to reduce the overall computational complexity of the ML detector. First, the proposed detector determines the set of most probable active transmit antennas and the corresponding possible transmission patterns. Then, ML-based detection is used to determine the transmitted complex data vector by performing a search over these transmission patterns and M-ary constellation symbols. It has been shown via computer simulations that the proposed detection algorithm exhibits near-ML bit error rate performance with considerably lower decoding complexity.

关键词： MIMO communication transmitting antennas decomposition maximum likelihood decoding maximum likelihood detection communication complexity vectors error statistics quadrature spatial modulation low-complexity detection QSM multiple-input multiple-output transmission scheme complex data symbol decomposition low-complexity near-maximum likelihood error detection performance ML error detection performance computational complexity active transmit antenna complex data vector M-ary constellation symbol bit error rate decoding

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low-complexity detection for Generalized Multistream Spatial Modulation 20

Low-Complexity Detection for Generalized Multistream Spatial...

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20th IEEE International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)

作者： Rohweder, Daniel Stern, Sebastian Fischer, Robert F. H. Shavgulidze, Sergo Freudenberger, Juergen Univ Appl Sci Inst Syst Dynam HTWG Konstanz Constance Germany Ulm Univ Inst Commun Engn Ulm Germany Georgian Tech Univ Fac Power Engn & Telecommun Atlanta GA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781538665282

This work proposes a suboptimal detection algorithm for generalized multistream spatial modulation. Many suboptimal detection algorithms for spatial modulation use two-stage detection schemes where the set of active antennas is detected in the first stage and the transmitted symbols in the second stage. For multistream spatial modulation with large signal constellations the second detection step typically dominates the detection complexity. With the proposed detection scheme, the modified Gaussian approximation method is used for detecting the antenna pattern. In order to reduce the complexity for detecting the signal points, we propose a combined equalization and list decoding approach. Simulation results demonstrate that the new algorithm achieves near-maximum-likelihood performance with small list sizes. It significantly reduces the complexity when compared with conventional two-stage detection schemes.

关键词： generalised multistream spatial modulation low-complexity detection multistage detection

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Generalized Quadrature Space-Frequency Index Modulation System With low-complexity detection

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IEEE SYSTEMS JOURNAL 2022年第4期16卷 6535-6545页

作者： Pang, Ke Bai, Zhiquan Yang, Yingchao Mohamed, Abeer Hao, Xinhong Zhang, Haixia Kwak, Kyung Sup Yuan, Dongfeng Shandong Univ Sch Informat Sci & Engn Shandong Prov Key Lab Wireless Commun Technol Qingdao 266237 Peoples R China Beijing Inst Technol Sch Mechatron Engn Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Shandong Univ Sch Control Sci & Engn Shandong Prov Key Lab Wireless Commun Technol Jinan 250061 Peoples R China Inha Univ Dept Informat & Commun Engn Incheon 22212 South Korea

In this article, we propose a generalized quadrature space-frequency index modulation (GQSFIM) system that maps the information bits to the subcarrier activation pattern (SAP), the two antenna activation patterns (AAPs), and the modulated symbols. Specifically, two independent AAPs are utilized for the modulated symbols in a GQSFIM subblock to get higher spectral efficiency. With the help of the union bounding technique, the closed-form average bit error probability (ABEP) expression of the GQSFIM system with the maximum-likelihood (ML) detection is derived. Additionally, two low-complexity step-by-step signal detection algorithms, local ML based minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) and local ordered block based MMSE, are provided to reduce the high computational complexity of the ML detection, where the SAP, the two AAPs, and the modulated symbols are detected separately. Numerical results verify the correctness and accuracy of the theoretical ABEP of the GQSFIM system, especially in the high signal-to-noise ratio region. Moreover, the proposed GQSFIM system achieves better spectral efficiency and ABEP performance compared with the typical space-frequency index modulation systems.

关键词： Transmitting antennas OFDM Modulation Indexes Receiving antennas Wireless communication Slot antennas Index modulation (IM) low-complexity detection orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) quadrature spatial modulation (QSM)

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A Novel RIS-Aided Code Index Modulation Scheme With low-complexity detection

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2023年第11期72卷 14279-14288页

作者： Jin, Xiaoping Bian, Lina Li, Zhengquan Xing, Song Wen, Miaowen China Jiliang Univ Coll Informat Engn Key Lab Elect Wave Informat Technol & Metrol Zhej Hangzhou 310018 Peoples R China Jiangnan Univ Jiangsu Univ Technol CM20223015 Jiangsu Future Networks Innovat Inst Nanjing 211111 Peoples R China Jiangnan Univ Jiangsu Univ Technol CM20223015 Changzhou Key Lab 5G Ind Internet Fus Applicat Nanjing 211111 Peoples R China Calif State Univ Los Angeles Dept Informat Syst Los Angeles CA 90032 USA South China Univ Technol Sch Elect & Informat Engn Guangzhou 510640 Peoples R China

In order to achieve high throughput and low-power consumption of the transmitter and improve the error performance of the receiver, a novel reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided code index modulation (RIS-CIM) is proposed in wireless communications. RIS-CIM utilizes the index of a spreading code to convey additional information, which further improves the spectral efficiency (SE) and error performance of the receiver by adding and adjusting the reflected phase shift of low-cost reflective elements at the RIS-aided relay. To reduce the computational complexity incurred by the maximum likelihood (ML) detection, we propose two low-complexity detections, namely the match correlation (MC) detection and the optimal low complexity (OLC) detection. MC and OLC approaches separate the dispreading from the demodulation in the detection, which achieves a significant reduction of the computational complexity over ML detection demonstrated by the analysis of the computational complexity measurements. We present a thorough analysis for the upper bound on the average bit error probability (ABEP) of the ML detection and the bit error probability (BEP) of the OLC detection of RIS-CIM, which is verified by numerical simulations. Numerical simulations also demonstrate that the proposed RIS-CIM performs better in terms of the error performance of ML detection than several existing CIM and RIS-related schemes at a given SE setting. In addition, the proposed ML and OLC detections achieve an error performance close to the ML detection under various measures of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the increasing SE in the simulations. Moreover, RIS-CIM can utilize a large number of reflective elements at the RIS-aided relay to offset the performance degradation caused by the improvement of SE.

关键词： Codes Indexes Modulation Symbols Transmitters Wireless communication Time-frequency analysis Code index modulation reconfigurable intelligent surface low-complexity detection index transmissions

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High-Rate Space-Time Coded Large-MIMO Systems: low-complexity detection and Channel Estimation

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IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING 2009年第6期3卷 958-974页

作者： Mohammed, Saif K. Zaki, Ahmed Chockalingam, A. Rajan, B. Sundar Indian Inst Sci Dept Elect Commun Engn Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India

In this paper, we present a low-complexity algorithm for detection in high-rate, non-orthogonal space-time block coded (STBC) large-multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems that achieve high spectral efficiencies of the order of tens of bps/Hz. We also present a training-based iterative detection/channel estimation scheme for such large STBC MIMO systems. Our simulation results show that excellent bit error rate and nearness-to-capacity performance are achieved by the proposed multistage likelihood ascent search (M-LAS) detector in conjunction with the proposed iterative detection/channel estimation scheme at low complexities. The fact that we could show such good results for large STBCs like 16 X 16 and 32 X 32 STBCs from Cyclic Division Algebras (CDA) operating at spectral efficiencies in excess of 20 bps/Hz (even after accounting for the overheads meant for pilot based training for channel estimation and turbo coding) establishes the effectiveness of the proposed detector and channel estimator. We decode perfect codes of large dimensions using the proposed detector. With the feasibility of such a low-complexity detection/channel estimation scheme, large-MIMO systems with tens of antennas operating at several tens of bps/Hz spectral efficiencies can become practical, enabling interesting high data rate wireless applications.

关键词： Channel estimation high spectral efficiencies large-multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems low-complexity detection non-orthogonal space-time block codes

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Performance analysis for low-complexity detection of MIMO V2V communication systems

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COMPUTER NETWORKS 2018年 140卷 92-100页

作者： Li, Guoquan Zhou, Ying Bai, Tong Lin, Jinzhao Pang, Yu Wu, Wei Din, Sadia Jeon, Gwanggil Chongqing Univ Posts & Telecommun Chongqing Peoples R China Sichuan Univ Chengdu Sichuan Peoples R China Kyungpook Natl Univ Sch Comp Sci & Engn Daegu South Korea Incheon Natl Univ Incheon South Korea

In Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication, the rapid movement of vehicles brings fast attenuation of signal propagation and serious shift effect of Doppler frequency, leading to serious transmission performance deterioration. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technique can be well applied in V2V communication by exploiting diversity and multiplexing gain to improve the system reliability and increase the data rate. In an MIMO system, the achieved diversity and multiplexing gain is closely related to its detection method. Integer-Forcing (IF) detection is one of the linear detections proposed in recent years. Compared to the traditional linear and Maximum Likelihood (ML) detection, IF has a good tradeoff between the complexity and system performance. In this paper, considering its good detection performance, IF is applied to the detection of a MIMO V2V communication system and the performance is further analyzed theoretically by employing Alamouti code at the transmitters. The diversity gain proves to be full and is confirmed by the simulation results. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： V2V communication Multiple-Input Multiple-Output low-complexity detection Performance analysis

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