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malware propagation modeling considering software diversity and immunization

JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2016年第Mar.期13卷 49-67页

作者： Hosseini, Soodeh Azgomi, Mohammad Abdollahi Rahmani, Adel Torkaman Iran Univ Sci & Technol Sch Comp Engn Room 308Hengam StResalat Sq Tehran *** Iran

In this paper, we propose a discrete-time susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered-susceptible (SEIRS) epidemic model of malware propagation in scale-free networks (SFNs) with considering software diversity. We study dynamical behavior of the SEIRS model, which is determined by a threshold (i.e., basic reproductive ratio). With this threshold, we can predict whether the malware propagates or not. Also, using a coloring algorithm, the number of diverse software packages installed on nodes is calculated and used as a parameter to prevent malware spreading. Furthermore, we investigate global dynamics of the model and analyze the stability of the malware-free equilibrium. The dynamics of malware propagation is evaluated using the results of numerical simulations. Simulation results show that the proposed model, which considers software diversity, is more effective than other existing epidemic models. We have compared different immunization mechanisms, and have shown that the targeted immunization is better than the random immunization for controlling malware spreading in SFNs. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： malware propagation modeling Scale-free networks Software diversity Immunization strategies Basic reproductive ratio

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The SEIRS-NIMFA epidemiological model for malware propagation analysis in IoT networks

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CYBERSECURITY 2025年第1期8卷 1-37页

作者： Quiroga-Sanchez, Laura Montoya, German A. Lozano-Garzon, Carlos Univ los Andes Syst & Comp Engn Dept Bogota 111711 Colombia

With the rapid advancement of Internet of Things networks and its significant cybersecurity challenges, the proposal of models capable of studying malware propagation within these structures has become highly relevant. This paper aims to formulate and implement an SEIRS-NIMFA model to analyze the dissemination of malware infections with a latency period. To accomplish this, we mathematically articulated an SEIRS epidemiological model using an individual-based approach and implemented it using Python. In addition, this paper examines how varying the network size and density, the initially infected device, and several model parameters influence the propagation dynamics. Moreover, to address the Markov chain approach's high temporal and spatial complexity, we use the n-intertwined mean-field approximation method. Our findings demonstrate that our proposal can effectively aid decision-making in implementing security measures in real-world situations. Finally, our proposal and its implementation are open to further enhancements, broadening their potential applications.

关键词： IoT networks Epidemiology malware propagation modeling SEIRS Mean-field approximation

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The dynamics of an SEIRS-QV malware propagation model in heterogeneous networks

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PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS 2018年 512卷 803-817页

作者： Hosseini, Soodeh Azgomi, Mohammad Abdollahi Shahid Bahonar Univ Kerman Fac Math & Comp Dept Comp Sci Kerman Iran Shahid Bahonar Univ Kerman Mahani Math Res Ctr Kerman Iran Iran Univ Sci & Technol Sch Comp Engn Tehran Iran

In this paper, we introduce a new dynamic model of malware propagation in heterogeneous networks based on a rumor diffusion model, which comprises both vaccination and quarantine methods. The proposed model is referred to as the susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered-susceptible with vaccination and quarantine states (SEIRS-QV) model. The model considers the impacts of user awareness, network delay and diverse configuration of nodes to study dynamical behavior of malware propagation. We carry out the systematic analysis of the model and indicate the stability of the malware-free equilibrium. Using numerical simulations, we examine the theoretical analysis. By numerical simulations, we show that our model is appreciably better than other models in terms of reducing malware propagation speed. Furthermore, we investigate many related dynamics properties to make the results more completed. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： malware propagation modeling Heterogeneous networks Dynamical analysis User awareness Network delay Diverse configurations

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Dynamical analysis of a malware propagation model considering the impacts of mobile devices and software diversification

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PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS 2019年 526卷 120925-000页

作者： Hosseini, Soodeh Azgomi, Mohammad Abdollahi Shahid Bahonar Univ Kerman Dept Comp Sci Fac Math & Comp Kerman Iran Iran Univ Sci & Technol Sch Comp Engn Hengam StResalat Sq Tehran *** Iran Shahid Bahonar Univ Kerman Mahani Math Res Ctr Kerman Iran

The aim has been to model the dynamics of malware propagation in scale-free networks (SFNs) with birth and death rates. The proposed model is a variant of susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered-susceptible with a vaccination (SEIRS-V). This model is extended for modeling malware propagation between computer nodes and mobile devices (MDs), which is called MD-SEIRS-V. Unlike other existing models, MD-SEIRS-V principally considers the impacts of diversification as a defense mechanism to reduce epidemic spreading in SFNs. Dynamical behavior of the model is determined by the basic reproductive ratio. Furthermore, we calculate the critical number of diverse software packages installed on computer nodes that can be used as a parameter to prevent epidemic spreading. The dynamics of malware propagation is analyzed and shown that the local and global stability of malware-free equilibrium are equivalent. We have also carried out a series of numerical simulations to evaluate the dynamical behaviors of malware propagation in SFNs. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： malware propagation modeling Epidemic model Scale-free networks (SFNs) Mobile device Software diversification

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A model for malware propagation in scale-free networks based on rumor spreading process

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COMPUTER NETWORKS 2016年第Oct.24期108卷 97-107页

作者： Hosseini, Soodeh Azgomi, Mohammad Abdollahi Iran Univ Sci & Technol Sch Comp Engn Trustworthy Comp Lab Tehran Iran Iran Univ Sci & Technol Sch Comp Engn Hengam StResalat Sq Tehran *** Iran

In this paper, we propose a dynamic model of malware propagation in scale-free networks (SFNs) based on a rumor spreading model. The proposed model, which is called the susceptible-exposed-infectious recovered-susceptible with a vaccination state (SEIRS-V) model, illustrates the dynamics of malware propagation with respect to time in SFNs. The model considers the impact of software diversity to halt the outbreak of malware in networks. Using the SEIRS-V model, we derive the basic reproductive ratio that governs whether or not a malware is extinct. Furthermore, we calculate the number of diverse software packages installed on computer nodes that can be introduced as a parameter to prevent malware spreading. We accomplish the systematic analysis of the model and represent the local and global stability of malware-free equilibrium. Using numerical simulations, we examine the theoretical analysis. The effects of diversification and vaccination on the model are investigated. Simulation results demonstrate that the model is more effective than other existing models of malware propagation, in terms of reducing the density of infected node. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Scale-free networks (SFNs) malware propagation modeling Rumor spreading process Diversification Vaccination Basic reproductive ratio

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Agent-based simulation of the dynamics of malware propagation in scale-free networks

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SIMULATION-TRANSACTIONS OF THE SOCIETY FOR modeling AND SIMULATION INTERNATIONAL 2016年第7期92卷 709-722页

作者： Hosseini, Soodeh Azgomi, Mohammad Abdollahi Torkaman, Adel Rahmani Iran Univ Sci & Technol Sch Comp Engn Hengam StResalat Sq Tehran Iran

Agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS) has been used in wide range of application areas as an effective modeling paradigm. In this work, we have used ABMS to study the dynamics of malware propagation in scale-free networks (SFNs). Firstly, we use an analytical model to formulate the malware propagation process that considers the diversity of nodes in SFNs. Secondly, for the same problem, we use agent-based simulation to model the outbreak of malware based on the rumor diffusion process. The proposed agent-based model considers a set of heterogeneous agents and interactions between them that may allow malware transmission. This model helps us to study the effects of defense mechanisms, such as software diversity and immunization, in controlling the malware propagation and thereby reducing the impacts of attacks in networks. We also investigate the effect of the vulnerability function related to the degree of network nodes to explain the diversity of node anti-attack ability in the agent-based model. The results of the agent-based simulation are nearly the same as the analytical model, which can be used to validate the simulation model. However, the agent-based model has some notable advantages, such as flexibility and dynamic reconfiguration, over the analytical model.

关键词： Agent-based modeling and simulation malware propagation modeling scale-free networks

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On the Global Dynamics of an SEIRS Epidemic Model of malware propagation 7

On the Global Dynamics of an SEIRS Epidemic Model of Malware...

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7th International Symposium on Telecommunications (IST)

作者： Hosseini, Soodeh Azgomi, Mohammad Abdollahi Rahmani, Adel Torkaman Iran Univ Sci & Technol Sch Comp Engn Tehran Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9781479953592

In this paper, we attempt to mathematically formulate a susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered-susceptible (SEIRS) epidemic model to study dynamical behaviors of malware propagation in scale-free networks (SFNs). In the proposed discrete-time epidemic model, we consider defense mechanism of software diversity to limit epidemic spreading in SFNs. Dynamical behaviors of the SEIRS epidemic model is determined by basic reproductive ratio, which is often used as a threshold parameter. Also, the impact of the assignment of diverse software packages on the propagation process is examined. Theoretical results show that basic reproductive ratio is significantly dependent on diverse software packages and the network topology. The installation of diverse software packages on nodes leads to decrease reproductive ratio and malware spreading. The results of numerical simulations are given to validate the theoretical analysis.

关键词： Scale-free network malware propagation modeling software diversity basic reproductive ratio

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