The exact meaning of microprogramming has become ambiguous due to the variety of ways in which the word has been used. After reviewing some of these uses, this paper attempts to clarify the situation by presenting a g...
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The internal control of a computer is directed by the instruction. The instruction causes a sequence of steps (or microinstructions) to occur which interpret the instruction. This interpretation of an instruction can ...
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The internal control of a computer is directed by the instruction. The instruction causes a sequence of steps (or microinstructions) to occur which interpret the instruction. This interpretation of an instruction can be implemented by a storage media called a control store. The programs written for this media are called microprograms. The recent availability of fast READ-WRITE bipolar storage media now makes possible the rapid changing of content of this storage and hence makes possible computer organizations which can interpret a wide variety of different types of instructions. These computer organizatios are called soft machine architectures. It is also possible to conceive of new "machine languages" or directly executable languages which are specially developed as an intermediate level between a specific higher level language and the microprogrammable machine.
This paper describes a successful project using computer animation to teach the concepts of microprogramming to lower division computer science majors. The students write a simulator for the Mic-l horizontal microcont...
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This paper describes a successful project using computer animation to teach the concepts of microprogramming to lower division computer science majors. The students write a simulator for the Mic-l horizontal microcontroller described in the book Structured Computer Organization by Tanenbaum, The simulation is enhanced by the use of a graphical representation of the machine to animate the simulation, This creative use of computer animation enables the students to see the results of their simulation without having to write an extensive user interface, They can concentrate on implementing the instruction cycle, an activity that directly enhances their understanding of microprogramming and the conventional machine level. The XTango animation package is used, making the animation facility portable to any Unix system with an X display. The user interface and additional instructional material are available via the web.
The Proteo transit exchange is a modern integrated switching system with a PCM switching network and a control structured in the following three hierarchical levels: ?- the first level, responsible for the scanning, s...
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The Proteo transit exchange is a modern integrated switching system with a PCM switching network and a control structured in the following three hierarchical levels: ?- the first level, responsible for the scanning, signalling pre-processing and translation;
?- the second level dedicated to call handling, switching control and system recovery;
?- the third level performing operation and maintenance tasks.
The first control level is realized by several front-end processors (FEP's), specialized for telephone functions. The FEP's are located in TN16 between the switching network and the second control level (named Central Control), which consists of two parallel telephone oriented computers. The paper discusses the telephone requirements and describes an optimal partitioning of hardware, firmware and software for each type of FEP. Particular emphasis has been given to the microprogramming techniques adopted in the various control architectures. The choice of a particular architecture depends on the application. An other topic discussed in the paper is reliability which in telephone switching is required at a high degree; all the FEP's are provided with on-line diagnostic programs in order to detect faults and to perform system recovery.
Today's microprogramming of microprocessors includes the programming of the control unit as well as the structuring of the operation unit. This paper illustrates both tasks by presenting some concepts of architect...
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Today's microprogramming of microprocessors includes the programming of the control unit as well as the structuring of the operation unit. This paper illustrates both tasks by presenting some concepts of architectures of microprogrammed and microprogrammable microprocessors. Special emphasis lies on the description of the influences of horizontal and vertical microprogramming and of space-sequential, time-sequential and pipelined processor organization on the design of digital computers. The paper should be understood as a tutorial, which is based on an except of a lecture on Principles of Computer Structures at the Technische Universität Berlin.
The paper describes a different approach to the control of experimental apparatus in which control is performed by a microprogram controlling a very general register configuration and a single logical element. The bas...
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The paper describes a different approach to the control of experimental apparatus in which control is performed by a microprogram controlling a very general register configuration and a single logical element. The basic concepts of microprogram control are described, including how program sequencing is accomplished and used to permit a variety of control capabilities including the generation of non-linear functions within a single system. A short discussion of presently available components will provide some perspective as to the performance levels that may be achieved and system availability. As an example, a possible microprogram controller for the PEPR film scanning system will be described in some detail and its potential performance outlined.
microprogramming is one technique for designing the control unit of a digital computer or computer-based instrument. It has become more widely used than a conventional hardwired logic design technique due to its flexi...
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microprogramming is one technique for designing the control unit of a digital computer or computer-based instrument. It has become more widely used than a conventional hardwired logic design technique due to its flexibility and simplicity. We have developed an educational software package for the microprogramming simulation based on a computer architecture defined in a popular undergraduate computer engineering textbook [1]. This software package consists of an assembler, a compiler, and a simulator. The assembler translates a conventional assembly-language program into a macro object file, while the compiler compiles a microprogram into a micro object file. The simulator shows how a macroinstruction is interpreted by executing a series of microinstructions. The simulator is interactive, flexible, and easy to use. This software package, written in standard Pascal, is available for distribution to interested institutions.
This paper describes a software simulator of a digital watch programmable at the microprogram level and used for instructional purposes in a computer organization course. A special editor for writing microcode is also...
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The aim of this research is to improve the efficiency of Control Units by transfering the management of Disk Drivers into peripheral sub-processors. Synchronization between these sub-processors is performed by a micro...
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A microprogramming laboratory that supports a one-quarter computer architecture course is described in this paper. This laboratory includes an inexpensive 32-bit microprogrammable VLSI computer board with writable con...
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A microprogramming laboratory that supports a one-quarter computer architecture course is described in this paper. This laboratory includes an inexpensive 32-bit microprogrammable VLSI computer board with writable control store, an 8 MFLOP floating point processor, advanced microcode debugging support, and a relocatable macro meta assembler.
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