This paper reviews alternative market equilibrium models for policy analysis. The origin of spatial equilibrium models and their application to wood and wood-processing industries are described. Three mathematical pro...
详细信息
This paper reviews alternative market equilibrium models for policy analysis. The origin of spatial equilibrium models and their application to wood and wood-processing industries are described. Three mathematical programming models commonly applied to solve spatial problems - namely linear programming, non-linear programming and mixed complementary programming - are reviewed in terms of forms of objective functions and constraint equalities and inequalities. These programming are illustrated with numerical examples. Linear programming is only applied in transportation problems to solve quantities trans, ported between regions when quantities supplied and demanded in each region are already known. It is argued that linear programming can be applied in broader context to transportation problems where supply and demand quantities are unknown and are linear. In this context, linear programming is seen as a more convenient method for modelers because it has a simpler objective function and does not require as strict conditions, for instance the equal numbers of variables and equations required in mixed complementary programming. Finally, some critical insights are provided on the interpretation of optimal solutions generated by solving spatial equilibrium models.
The continuous growth of natural gas demand in China has brought about supply security from the insufficient supply of domestic resources and ever-increasing dependency on natural gas imports. A multi-agent game frame...
详细信息
The continuous growth of natural gas demand in China has brought about supply security from the insufficient supply of domestic resources and ever-increasing dependency on natural gas imports. A multi-agent game framework for supply security is proposed to investigate availability, accessibility, and affordability along natural gas industry and supply chain. In this framework, an exhaustible resource market equilibrium model based on mixed complementary programming (MCP) is developed, taking into account the dynamic depletion of the remaining recoverable reserves, to evaluate the gas supply security in China. The results indicate the supply security of China's natural gas is far from optimistic from 2020 to 2049, and the newly-increased recoverable reserves of 200 bcm/a are required to meet the expanding scale of the natural gas market. However, it will face supply risks with lower Reserve-Production ratios after 2030 and higher dependencies after 2040. Therefore, the equilibrium model is used to simulate for seeking feasible solutions to ensure the natural gas supply security from three aspects: market structure, discount rate, and resources tax. Several combinational strategies suitable for China's natural gas supply security are suggested according to the market structure, natural gas import, discount rate, and resources tax for building a more diversification system of natural gas supply, establishing an efficient allocation system of the natural gas market and setting up an effective strategic stockpile system of natural gas resources.
暂无评论