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Optimal dynamic allocation of mobile plants to monetize associated or stranded natural gas, part I: Bakken shale play case study

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ENERGY 2015年 93卷 1581-1594页

作者： Tan, Siah Hong Barton, Paul I. MIT Proc Syst Engn Lab Cambridge MA 02139 USA

Associated or stranded natural gas presents a challenge to monetize due to its low volume and lack of supporting infrastructure. Recent proposals for deploying mobile, modular plants, such as those which perform GM (gas-to-liquids) conversion or produce LNG (liquefied natural gas) on a small scale, have been identified as possible attractive routes to gas monetization. However, such technologies are yet unproven in the marketplace. To assess their potential, we propose a multi-period optimization framework which determines the optimal dynamic allocation and operating decisions for a decision maker who utilizes mobile plants to monetize associated or stranded gas. We then apply this framework to a case study of the Bakken shale play. Our framework is implemented to determine the optimal NPV (net present value) which would be realized over a twenty-year time frame. Sensitivity studies on the technology costs and conversion inputs conclude that the profitability and viability of mobile technologies remain valid for a wide range of possible inputs. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Natural gas monetization Associated gas Stranded gas Mobile modular plants mixed-integer linear programming Bakken shale play

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Near-Optimal Method for Siting and Sizing of Distributed Storage in a Transmission Network

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 2015年第5期30卷 2288-2300页

作者： Pandzic, Hrvoje Wang, Yishen Qiu, Ting Dvorkin, Yury Kirschen, Daniel S. Univ Zagreb Fac Elect Engn & Comp HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia Univ Washington Dept Elect Engn Seattle WA 98195 USA

Energy storage can alleviate the problems that the uncertainty and variability associated with renewable energy sources such as wind and solar create in power systems. Besides applications such as frequency control, temporal arbitrage or the provision of reserve, where the location of storage is not particularly relevant, distributed storage could also be used to alleviate congestion in the transmission network. In such cases, the siting and sizing of this distributed storage is of crucial importance to its cost-effectiveness. This paper describes a three-stage planning procedure to identify the optimal locations and parameters of distributed storage units. In the first stage, the optimal storage locations and parameters are determined for each day of the year individually. In the second stage, a number of storage units is available at the locations that were identified as being optimal in the first stage, and their optimal energy and power ratings are determined. Finally, in the third stage, with both the locations and ratings fixed, the optimal operation of the storage units is simulated to quantify the benefits that they would provide by reducing congestion. The quality of the final solution is assessed by comparing it with the solution obtained at the first stage without constraints on storage sites or size. The approach is numerically tested on the IEEE RTS 96.

关键词： Energy storage mixed-integer linear programming storage siting storage sizing unit commitment

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Considerations of Sectionalizing Switches in Distribution Networks With Distributed Generation

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY 2015年第3期30卷 1401-1409页

作者： Heidari, Alireza Agelidis, Vassilios G. Kia, Mohsen Univ New S Wales Sch Elect Engn & Telecommun Sydney NSW 2052 Australia Shahid Beheshti Univ Coll Engn Abbaspour Tehran Iran

Introducing distributed generation (DG) into distribution networks can affect the problem of optimal switch placement. A method for solving the problem of optimal placement of sectionalizing switches with a large number of DGs is presented. The primary objective is to minimize the total cost of achieving a certain level of reliability in the presence of DG. The problem is formulated using mixed-integer linear programming to determine the optimal number and location of sectionalizing switches. Allowing DG to operate in an island mode is also considered. The effectiveness of the proposed formulation is examined on a modified reliability test system. The presented results indicate that the proposed formulation can provide a global optimum solution for the problem of sectionalizing switch placement, while reliability, capital investment, and annual operation and maintenance costs are considered. Furthermore, DG can play a key role in providing a reasonable improvement in the reliability indices of the system.

关键词： Distributed generation (DG) mixed-integer linear programming power distribution reliability sectionalizing switch

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Optimal distributed static series compensator placement for enhancing power system loadability and reliability

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2015年第11期9卷 1043-1050页

作者： Dorostkar-Ghamsari, Mohammadreza Fotuhi-Firuzabad, Mahmud Aminifar, Farrokh Safdarian, Amir Lehtonen, Matti Sharif Univ Technol Dept Elect Engn Ctr Excellence Power Syst Control & Management Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Sch Elect & Comp Engn Coll Engn Tehran Iran Aalto Univ Dept Elect Engn Espoo Finland

Distributed static series compensator (DSSC) is a member of the family of distributed flexible AC transmission system devices that can be attached directly to conductors of transmission lines. DSSCs are able to compensate for and adjust the line reactance;thus, they could be widely used in stability-limited transmission systems. Owing to economic matters, the optimal placement of DSSCs is of a great interest from practical viewpoints. This study presents an approach to find the optimal locations of DSSCs to enhance the system loadability and reliability using the DC load flow model. The optimisation problem is solved using the mixed-integer linear programming. A compromise between improving the system loadability and reliability is fulfilled and a wide range of non-dominated optimal solutions is calculated. The final solution is then selected using the fuzzy satisfying method. Numerical studies are conducted on the IEEE reliability test system (IEE-RTS).

关键词： flexible AC transmission systems power transmission lines load flow optimisation power transmission reliability power transmission economics optimal distributed static series compensator placement power system loadability power system reliability distributed flexible AC transmission system devices transmission line conductors line reactance stability-limited transmission systems economic matters optimal placement DC load flow optimisation problem mixed-integer linear programming IEEE reliability test system

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Modeling of flow splitting for production optimization in offshore gas-lifted oil fields: Simulation validation and applications

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JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2015年 128卷 86-97页

作者： Silva, Thiago Lima Camponogara, Eduardo Teixeira, Alex Furtado Sunjerga, Snjezana Univ Fed Santa Catarina Dept Automat & Syst Engn BR-88040900 Florianopolis SC Brazil Petrobras Res Ctr BR-21949900 Rio De Janeiro RJ Brazil Petr Engn Reservoir Analysts N-7048 Trondheim Norway

In modern offshore oil fields, wells can be equipped with routing valves to direct their production to multiple manifold headers, a strategy that is routinely adopted in practice either to provide resilience to equipment failure or to improve production. However, the existing models for production optimization do not account for splitting of flows and therefore require the wells to be connected to a single header. To this end, this work develops a nonlinear model of flow splitting that reproduces the complex behavior observed in multiphase-flow simulation. This model is further approximated with multidimensional piecewise-linear functions to a desired degree of accuracy with respect to simulated behavior. These piecewise-linear functions enable the development of a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulation for production optimization, which decides between single and multiple routing of wells to headers. The effectiveness of this MILP formulation is assessed in a synthetic but representative gas-lifted oil field modeled in a standard simulator. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： daily production optimization gas-lift flow splitting mixed-integer linear programming

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Comparison of mixed-integer linear Models for Fuel-Optimal Air Conflict Resolution With Recovery

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS 2015年第6期16卷 3126-3137页

作者： Omer, Jeremy Ecole Polytech Montreal Montreal PQ H3T 1J4 Canada HEC Montreal Grp Res Decis Anal Montreal PQ H3T 2A7 Canada

Any significant increase in current levels of air traffic will need the support of efficient decision-aid tools. One of the tasks of air traffic management is to modify trajectories when necessary to maintain a sufficient separation between pairs of aircraft. Several algorithms have been developed to solve this problem, but the diversity in the underlying assumptions makes it difficult to compare their performance. In this paper, separation is maintained through changes of heading and velocity while minimizing a combination of fuel consumption and delay. For realistic trajectories, the speed is continuous with respect to time, the acceleration and turning rate are bounded, and the planned trajectories are recovered after the maneuvers. After describing the major modifications to existing models that are necessary to satisfy this definition of the problem, we compare three mixed-integer linear programs. The first model is based on a discretization of the airspace and the second relies on a discretization of the time horizon. The third model implements a time decomposition of the problem;it allows only one initial maneuver and is periodically solved with a receding horizon to build a complete trajectory. The computational tests are conducted on a benchmark of artificial instances specifically built to include complex situations. Our analysis of the results highlights the strengths and limits of each model. The time decomposition proves to be an excellent compromise.

关键词： Air traffic control conflict resolution mixed-integer linear programming

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The Effect of Demand Response in the Minimum Available Reserve of Energy Management

The Effect of Demand Response in the Minimum Available Reser...

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IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting

作者： Joao Soares Nuno Borges Ali Fotouhi Zita Vale GECAD - Knowledge Engineering and Decision-Support Research Centre Polytechnic of Porto (ISEP/IPP)

ISBN: (纸本)9781509041695

This paper presents a multi-objective energy scheduling for the daily operation of, a Smart Grid (SG) considering maximization of the minimum available reserve in addition to the cost minimization, to take into account the reliability requirements of critical and vulnerable loads. A Virtual Power Player (VPP) manages the day-ahead energy resource scheduling in the smart grid, considering Distributed Generation (DG) and Vehicle-To-Grid (V2G), while maintaining a highly reliable power for the critical loads. This work considers high penetration of critical loads, e.g. industrial processes that require high power quality, high reliability and few interruptions. A mathematical formulation is described and a deterministic technique based on mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) is used to solve the multi-objective problem. The effect of some customers with DR in this context is analyzed to assess the benefits in the energy scheduling problem. A case study using a 180-bus Portuguese distribution network with 90 load points, several DG units and a large fleet of Electric Vehicles (EVs) with V2G is used to illustrate the performance of the proposed method.

关键词： Electric Vehicles Multi-objective optimization Pareto front mixed-integer linear programming Smart Grid Smart grids Electric vehicles Demand-Responsive recoverable deposits mixed integer linear programming Energy management critical load Energy sources

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Fix-and-relax approaches for controlled tabular adjustment

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COMPUTERS & OPERATIONS RESEARCH 2015年 58卷 41-52页

作者： Baena, Daniel Castro, Jordi Gonzalez, Jose A. Univ Politecn Cataluna Dept Stat & Operat Res ES-08034 Barcelona Spain

Controlled tabular adjustment (CIA) is a relatively new protection technique for tabular data protection. CTA formulates a mixed integer linear programming problem, which is challenging for tables of moderate size. Even finding a feasible initial solution may be a challenging task for large instances. On the other hand, end users of tabular data protection techniques give priority to fast executions and are thus satisfied in practice with suboptimal solutions. This work has two goals. First, the fix-and-relax (FR) strategy is applied to obtain good feasible initial solutions to large CTA instances. FR is based on partitioning the set of binary variables into clusters to selectively explore a smaller branch-and-cut tree. Secondly, the FR solution is used as a warm start for a block coordinate descent (BCD) heuristic (approach named FR+BCD);BCD was confirmed to be a good option for large CTA instances in an earlier paper by the second and third co-authors (Comput Oper Res 2011;38:1826-35 [23]). We report extensive computational results on a set of real-world and synthetic CTA instances. FR is shown to be competitive compared to CPLEX branch-and-cut in terms of quickly finding either a feasible solution or a good upper bound. FR+BCD improved the quality of FR solutions for approximately 25% and 50% of the synthetic and real-world instances, respectively. FR or FR+BCD provided similar or better solutions in less CPU time than CPLEX for 73% of the difficult real-world instances. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fix-and-relax Block coordinate descent mixed-integer linear programming Controlled tabular adjustment Primal heuristics Feasibility pump Statistical disclosure control

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A comparison of thermal energy storage models for building energy system optimization

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ENERGY AND BUILDINGS 2015年 93卷 23-31页

作者： Schuetz, Thomas Streblow, Rita Mueller, Dirk Rhein Westfal TH Aachen EON Energy Res Ctr Inst Energy Efficient Bldg & Indoor Climate D-52074 Aachen Germany

In this study, four approaches to model stratification in thermal energy storage (TES) units with mixed-integer linear programs are introduced. These stratification models are compared with the widely utilized capacity model, in which TES units are modeled as homogeneous volumes. The approaches are verified with a use case consisting of a single building with a monovalent heating system comprising a combined heat and power (CHP) unit and a TES unit. The objective is the minimization of the total operational costs. The results conclude that both models, capacity and stratification models, generate electricity driven schedules. In the capacity model, the minimum energy content is typically set to a constant value, mostly zero, while the layered storage model allows for implementing more accurate restrictions, such as the required flow temperature based on the building's heating curve. Consequently, the capacity model overrates the system's efficiency, thus underestimating the operating costs by 6-7%. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Thermal storage unit Optimization mixed-integer linear programming Combined heat and power Building energy system Capacity model Thermal stratification

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Design of grounding systems in substations using a mixed-integer linear programming formulation

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ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS RESEARCH 2009年第1期79卷 126-133页

作者： Khodr, H. M. Salloum, G. A. Saraiva, J. T. Matos, M. A. Polytech Inst Porto GECAD Knowledge Engn & Decis Support Res Ctr P-4200072 Oporto Portugal INELECTRA CA Caracas Venezuela Univ Porto Fac Engn INESC Porto Oporto Portugal

The main purpose of this paper is the development of an optimization model to design grounding grids in electrical substations. The design of a grounding grid in a substation is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming problem. The developed optimization model incorporates the constructive Characteristics, as well as the technical and security requirements inherent to the construction, installation and operation of these grids. The model includes variables defining the grid characteristics according to the configurations admitted by the designer, which are selected amongst a set of pie-selected grounding designs. The definition of these configurations includes the geometry of the grid, the depth at Which the conductors will be installed and the radius of the conductor. A finite number of configurations can be generated before running the optimization process by considering all the variables in accordance with the IEEE Std 80-2000. The optimization problem also includes safety constraints related with the maximum allowed touching and step voltages, which are defined according to the fibrillation discharge limits. These fibrillation discharge limits are defined by IEEE Std 80-2000 for low frequencies for high frequencies. the limits are not the same as in 50 Hz). The model also includes the equivalent impedance of the transmission line supplying the substation where it will be located the grounding grid to be designed. As a result, the problem outputs define the most adequate grounding grid among the possible pre-selected configurations. This selection is driven by the total investment and installation costs, corresponding to the objective of the optimization model. To illustrate the interest of this research, the paper includes a case study based oil a real Situation, as all example of a potential application of this approach for engineering grounding design. Finally, it should also be referred that the scope of application of this methodology is potentially

关键词： Engineering design Grounding system Substation design Optimization mixed-integer linear programming

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