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modeling and simulation for delay estimation of a generic packet transferred in a satellite data network

simulation-TRANSACTIONS OF THE SOCIETY FOR modeling and simulation INTERNATIONAL 2025年

作者： Moreira, Edmilson Leite, Jose Roberto Emiliano Branco, Marcos Guimaraes Castello Ursini, Edson Luiz Univ Estadual Campinas Sch Technol 1888 Paschoal Marmo St BR-13484332 Limeira SP Brazil Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro Rio De Janeiro Brazil

This article presents the findings of a simulation model designed to elucidate the delays experienced within a satellite data communication network. This study addresses a condition that needs to be sufficiently explored in previous research: the impact of the hub load variation in communication delays, in addition to including the success probability in the transmission of packets. The analysis focuses on Geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites, using the Ku-band, as this approach was the first one to be available commercially in the realm of satellite communications and sometimes, the only option in places where the local infrastructure is poorly developed or even unavailable. This simulation model estimates the average response time for a generic packet ("ping") to travel through this network and its probability distribution in the total delay. This analysis considered some fixed and predefined values, such as the outbound carrier rate, the packet size, the satellite delay, and also some others that are influenced by the condition of the equipment, citing as example the hub processing load, service time, the probability of success in transmission, hub queue, etc. The Monte Carlo simulation model results indicated that 90% of the delay is below the Mean + 1 sigma, whose approximately value is 1.6 s.

关键词： End-to-end delay satellite communication Very Small Aperture Terminal modeling and simulation

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modeling and simulation of Acetaminophen Pharmacokinetics and Hepatic Biomarkers After Overdoses of Extended-Release and Immediate-Release Formulations in Healthy Adults Using the Quantitative Systems Toxicology Software Platform DILIsym

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CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2025年第4期14卷 681-694页

作者： Beaudoin, James J. Yang, Kyunghee Howell, Brett A. Kenz, Zackary Lakhani, Vinal V. Woodhead, Jeffrey L. Lai, John C. K. Gelotte, Cathy K. Sista, Sury Atillasoy, Evren Simulat Plus Inc Quantitat Syst Pharmacol Solut Res Triangle Pk NC 27709 USA Kenvue Inc Montgomery Township NJ USA

Acetaminophen (APAP) has been formulated as immediate-, modified-, and extended-release tablets (APAP-IR, -MR, and -ER, respectively). However, there was concern that APAP-MR previously available in Europe could form a bezoar after a large overdose, leading to delayed absorption and atypical pharmacokinetics (PK) compared to APAP-IR, and that current treatment guidelines developed for APAP overdose to prevent severe hepatotoxicity are inappropriate for APAP-MR. In contrast, APAP-ER caplets available in the United States are designed with an IR layer and an erodible ER layer. Using modeling and simulation, predicted PK and hepatotoxicity biomarkers following various acute overdose and repeated supratherapeutic ingestion (RSTI) scenarios with APAP-IR and APAP-ER were compared to investigate the differences between these two formulations. The existing APAP-IR representation within DILIsym v8A, a quantitative systems toxicology model of drug-induced liver injury, was updated, and an APAP-ER model was developed, using newly acquired in vitro (e.g., tiny-TIMsg) and clinical data. The model and simulated populations (SimPops) representing healthy adults were extensively validated, before simulating PK and three clinically useful hepatic biomarkers after various overdose scenarios. On average, APAP exposure after acute overdose and RSTI in healthy adults was predicted to be slightly lower for APAP-ER compared to APAP-IR, partially due to lower APAP absorption for APAP-ER, while not markedly impacting the expected time course of APAP plasma concentrations. Similar hepatic biomarker profiles were predicted for both APAP formulations. Based on these results, the APAP overdose consensus treatment guidelines updated in 2023 are not further impacted by this report.

关键词： acetaminophen DILIsym GastroPlus hepatotoxicity modeling and simulation paracetamol tiny-TIMsg Tylenol

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A Multilevel-Multiphysics modeling and simulation approach for multichip electronics

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APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING 2025年 266卷

作者： Zhou, Xiaoming Liu, Yongchao Ali, Manthar He, Min Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Mech & Elect Engn Chengdu 611731 Sichuan Peoples R China Southwest Inst Elect Technol Chengdu 611731 Sichuan Peoples R China

Thermo-mechanical and thermo-electro modeling and simulation (M&S) are commonly demanded in the development of electronic systems. However, such work is often difficult and time consuming because of the scale difference among multilevel domains, especially for the multichip electronics where there are a lot of repeating details. Usually, simplified models, which suppress multiscale features, have to be used to make a compromise. In this work, a multilevel-multiphysics M&S approach is presented to address the need for efficient multiphysics modeling of multichip electronics as well as better characterization the interaction among multilevel domains. An open-source platform, Multiphysics Object Oriented simulation Environment (MOOSE), is used to as an enable tool because of its multiphysics M&S ability as well as the flexible data transferring functions. Prior to simulation, a multichip system is divided into different levels of domains, which are meshed separately to avoid multiscale feature in each model. Then the inherent thermal, electrical and mechanical behaviors of each level of domains, as well as the interactions with the other levels of domains, are modeled and described with a separate MOOSE app. The prepared apps provide a library of pluggable blocks in the following work. To perform simulation for a specific system, a set of apps are loaded on demand. First, the top-level app, i. e., the main app, is loaded and calls a series of sub apps at given positions and simultaneously initiates two-way interface data transferring between them. Further, each sub app may call its sub-sub apps. By such level-by-level calling, the multilevel models are integrated. A two-way data exchange strategy is proposed and the fixed-point iteration algorithms are used to guarantee data continuity across the interfaces. Notably, the repeating details (e. g., the same type of chips/modules on a board) can be modeled easily by calling the same sub app at multiple positions. Moreover

关键词： modeling and simulation Multiphysics Multilevel modeling Finite element analysis Co-design

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modeling and simulation of phase change material-based passive and hybrid thermal management systems for lithium-ion batteries: A comprehensive review

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JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE 2025年 116卷

作者： Pal, Ram Kumar Paw, Johnny Koh Siaw Ganesan, P. Tong, Chong Wen Univ Tenaga Nas Inst Sustainable Energy Kajang 43000 Selangor Malaysia Univ Malaya Fac Engn Dept Mech Engn Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia Univ Malaya Ctr Energy Sci Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia

Ensuring the efficient thermal management of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is crucial for enhancing their performance, safety, and longevity. Despite advancements in LIB technology, challenges persist in accurate heat generation modeling and effective temperature regulation, which are essential for preventing thermal runaway and ensuring battery reliability. This review comprehensively examines modeling and simulation approaches for phase change material-based passive and hybrid battery thermal management systems (BTMS). The study presents a detailed review of mathematical models and numerical techniques employed in LIB heat generation modeling, including simple thermal models and electrochemical-thermal models. Additionally, various thermal modeling methods of PCM such as the enthalpy-porosity model, apparent heat capacity model, and resistor-capacitor (RC) model are analyzed. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solvers, including ANSYS Fluent, COMSOL Multiphysics, and in-house numerical codes, are discussed to highlight their role in simulating heat transfer dynamics in BTMS. Key findings reveal that PCM-based BTMS can maintain battery temperatures within 20-50 degrees C while ensuring temperature uniformity (Delta T <= 5 degrees C), reducing peak temperature by up to 20 degrees C, and enhancing cycle life by 15-25 %. However, limitations such as low thermal conductivity (0.2-0.5 W/m & sdot;K), leakage issues, and long-term stability concerns require further advancements in PCM composites incorporating graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and metal foams. The review also evaluates hybrid BTMS configurations, including PCM-air, PCMliquid, and PCM-heat pipe systems, comparing their thermal performance, structural complexity, and energy efficiency. Finally, this study highlights key research gaps and future directions, including the development of high-performance PCM composites, optimized hybrid BTMS for fast charging, AI-driven thermal management, and comprehens

关键词： Lithium-ion battery Electric vehicles Battery thermal management system Phase change materials modeling and simulation

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Optimizing operational strategies in a non-isothermal bench-scale fixed-bed reactor for CO2 hydrogenation to CH4 combining experimental and modeling and simulation approaches

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CATALYSIS TODAY 2025年 453卷

作者： Gomez-Bravo, Elena De-La-Torre, Unai Gonzalez-Marcos, Jose A. Gonzalez-Velasco, Juan R. Pereda-Ayo, Benat Univ Pais Vasco UPV EHU Fac Sci & Technol Dept Chem Engn Barrio Sarriena S-N Leioa 48940 Bizkaia Spain

The CO2 methanation reaction is a promising solution for renewable energy storage. However, the process is challenged by thermal management due to its exothermic nature, leading to hot spots that complicate reactor operation and scale-up. This study combines experimental and simulation approaches to optimize the operation of a bench-scale fixed-bed reactor. Experimental results show that reactor wall temperature, flow rate, and nitrogen dilution significantly affect temperature profiles and CO2 conversion. As a refrigeration strategy, it has been studied the use of pressurized air jackets to improve heat dissipation and stabilize the operation. A dynamic 1D heterogeneous model validated these findings and enabled simulation-based optimization. Non-uniform particle size distributions, metal loading, and SiC dilution strategies effectively mitigated hot spots without compromising CH4 yield. These results offer critical insights into reactor design, ensuring stable operation and high efficiency.

关键词： Catalytic fixed bed reactor CO 2 hydrogenation Bench-scale Operational strategies modeling and simulation Optimization

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Investigating Remedial Strategies for Missed or Delayed Dose of Sertraline in Chinese Adolescent Patients with Depressive Disorders via Population Pharmacokinetics modeling and simulation Approaches

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DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2025年 19卷 3001-3016页

作者： Xia, Hui Deng, Guowei Liang, Fengtao Zhang, Zi Huang, Wanting Guo, Zhihao Song, Qi Wen, Yuguan Shang, Dewei Tan, Yaqian Guangzhou Med Univ Affiliated Brain Hosp Dept Pharm Mingxin Rd 36 Guangzhou 510370 Peoples R China Guangzhou Med Univ Key Lab Neurogenet & Channelopathies Guangdong Pro Guangzhou Peoples R China Guangzhou Med Univ Minist Educ China Guangzhou Peoples R China Panyu Hexian Mem Hosp Guangzhou Dept Obstet Guangzhou Peoples R China Guangzhou Med Univ Affiliated Canc Hosp Guangzhou Inst Canc Res Dept Pharm Guangzhou Peoples R China

Background: Sertraline is a commonly used medication for adolescent patients with depression, and missed or delayed dose has been frequently observed during long-term treatment. However, little is known about the remedial strategies for missed or delayed dose of sertraline. Hence, we designed the remedial strategies of different missed dosage scenarios based on population pharmacokinetics (PPK) model simulation, aiming to provide medication guidance to Chinese adolescent depressive patients. Methods: A total of 221 sertraline concentration monitoring data were collected from 103 sertraline-treated adolescent patients with depression. Data analysis was performed using nonlinear mixed-effects model, and situations of different missed doses were simulated in the sertraline PPK model, including one single missed dose and double/triple missed doses under different therapeutic dosages. Results: A one-compartment model without covariates was established to characterize the PPK of sertraline in adolescent patients with depression. Population typical values of sertraline clearance and apparent distribution volume were 65.8 L/h and 1570 L, respectively. Our simulation results revealed that when adolescent patients missed or delayed sertraline administration, the scheduled dose should be administered immediately. Additionally, our results suggested that the dose of the next remedial time should be adjusted according to the duration of the delay and the frequency of missed doses. Conclusion: In this study, we developed remedy strategies for missed or delayed dosing of sertraline in Chinese adolescents with depression based on our PPK model simulations. These findings may provide valuable clinical guidance for sertraline treatment in this population.

关键词： sertraline adolescents missed or delayed dose population pharmacokinetics modeling and simulation

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Development of optimal Material Balance Evaluation (MBE) strategy for commercial-scale pyroprocessing facility using stochastic modeling and simulation techniques

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NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2025年第5期57卷

作者： Won, Byung Hee Yim, Man-Sung Cho, Gyuseong Korea Atom Energy Res Inst Adv Fuel Cycle Technol Div 989-111 Daedeok Daero Daejeon 34057 South Korea Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol Dept Nucl & Quantum Engn 291 Daehak Ro Daejeon 34141 South Korea

This study focuses on quantitative performance evaluation in a 400-ton-capacity commercial-scale pyroprocessing facility. Extensive modeling and simulation were conducted to evaluate the quantitative performance of the Material Balance Evaluation (MBE) system, a crucial component in the field of nuclear safeguards. Optimized approaches to MBE system were developed, minimizing assumptions and conservatively estimating uncertainties based on existing literature. Unlike previous studies, this work assessed, and proposes herein, MBE methods in the head-end cell area. Dividing a single MBA into two in the pyroprocessing cell area showed quantitative performance improvements, enhancing detection capabilities through refined measurement strategies and improved loss detection algorithms. Additional optimization was conducted to determine the ideal frequency of material balance evaluations in the pyroprocessing cell area. The results showed that, for a single MBA, at least nine MBEs were required to achieve satisfactory detection performance for abrupt losses. By dividing the area into two MBAs, the required number of evaluations was reduced to just 3-4, enhancing detection capabilities for abrupt losses. Among the algorithms, the Shewhart test was best for detecting abrupt losses in the head-end area, while the combined GEMUF-Shewhart test, devised in this study, was effective for single zones, and the GEMUF test alone was best for parallel zones. Overall, the Near Real Time Accountancy (NRTA) system showed strong detection across all abrupt loss scenarios. This study underscores the utility of integrating Safeguards by Design (SBD) principles early in the design phase to optimize safeguards and reduce operational burdens, and shows the way for future research on even more rational MBE approaches.

关键词： Pyroprocessing Material Balance Evaluation (MBE) Near Real Time Accountancy (NRTA) Nuclear Material Accountancy (NMA) Detection probability modeling and simulation

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Investigating Tailless UAV Flight Dynamics through modeling, simulation, and Flight Testing

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UNMANNED SYSTEMS 2025年第2期13卷 455-475页

作者： Ahmed, Noureldein Zakaria, Mohamed Y. Kamal, Ashraf M. Mil Tech Coll Aircraft Mech Dept Cairo Egypt

Tailless Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) offer several advantages over their conventional counterparts, including enhanced maneuverability, higher durability, and better stealth. However, they are challenging in their stability and control due to the absence of stabilizing and control surfaces that typically exist in conventional empennage. A crucial process for analyzing the tailless UAVs' stability/performance characteristics and determining/validating their flight control parameters is done via the modeling and simulation of flight dynamics. This paper presents a comprehensive and systematic procedure for investigating the flight dynamics of a tailless UAV, including modeling, simulation, analytical verification, and flight testing, while also explaining the interconnections among these elements. It also addresses the common challenge of limited accessibility of UAV essential data through using diverse analytical, empirical, and experimental methods. First, a rapid and effective first-principles modeling approach is introduced to simulate the nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom flight dynamics of a small tailless UAV case study. The modeling process follows a modular framework where well-defined experiments and commercial of-the-shelf software, tools, and sensors are employed to build the necessary sub-models, including geometric, mass-inertia, aerodynamic, propulsion, and actuator models. Then, all sub-models are integrated into a simulation environment to allow the prediction of the UAV dynamic response obtained from the given control inputs. The developed flight dynamic model is subjected to a thorough verification process to ensure its integrity and proper functionality by comparing the simulated trim and natural flight modes with the calculated analytical results. Finally, a set of specific flight tests are performed to validate the developed simulation model and verify relevant performance characteristics for the case-study UAV. The results show that the propos

关键词： modeling and simulation flight dynamics tailless UAV flight testing

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modeling and simulation of a Cylinder Hoisting System for Real-Time Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing

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SPE DRILLING & COMPLETION 2017年第1期32卷 69-78页

作者： Pawlus, Witold Liland, Fred Nilsen, Nicolai Oydna, Soren Hovland, Geir Wroldsen, Torstein K. MHWirth AS Kristiansand Norway Univ Agder Robot & Control Syst Dept Engn Sci Kristiansand Norway Univ Agder Dept Engn Sci Kristiansand Norway

modeling-and-simulation software that is used in the design and development of drilling equipment provides testing and redesigning of offshore machines early in the product-development process. Typically, models of offshore equipment are complex and suitable only for offline simulations that allow testing of just predefined functions of the system without the possibility of controlling it with the operator's inputs in real time (RT). This is related to the fact that, usually, complex models put high demands on the computational power of the simulator hardware and, thus, limit its RT performance. On the basis of the authors' observations, it is concluded that RT performance can be difficult to achieve even on modern computers because of the stiff nature of hydraulic mechanical models and high demands on computational power. Therefore, it is often necessary to optimize complex models of drilling machinery for RT operation to extensively test its real control systems in a virtual-modeling environment. The methodology presented in the current paper provides for controlling a virtual model in RT by means of full-scale control hardware and software. This, in turn, allows for performing a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test and evaluation of developed control algorithms early in the machine design phase as well as verification determining if the chosen control equipment meets the desired specifications and performance. The current work presents an efficient way to optimize large, high-fidelity models of offshore drilling equipment. First, a complex virtual model of the selected hoisting system is created, and its simulation results are compared with the reference data logs recorded on a full-scale rig. Second, rules and guidelines for conversion of a complex model to a low-fidelity model that could be simulated in RT are formulated. simulation results prove that both high-and low-fidelity models of the analyzed cylinder hoisting system yield comparable outcomes that correspond

关键词： modeling and simulation Offshore drilling equipment Hardware-in-the-loop testing

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modeling and simulation on engraving process of projectile rotating band under different charge cases

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JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND CONTROL 2017年第6期23卷 1044-1054页

作者： Sun, Quanzhao Yang, Guolai Ge, Jianli Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol Dept Mech Engn Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu Peoples R China

Dynamic engraving processes upon a projectile under five charge cases were studied using numerical simulations. A finite element model of the rotating band engraving into the forcing cone of the barrel was constructed, and the deformation process of the rotating band, the projectile motions, the dynamic engraving resistance, the average work pressure and the engraving pressure were obtained. The simulation results show that the interior ballistic parameters, including the engraving speed, the projectile motion, the maximum engraving resistance and the engraving pressure are different for different charge cases. This work provides an approach to investigating the interior ballistics processes considering the dynamic engraving of rotating bands.

关键词： Rotating band engraving process charge case engraving pressure engraving resistance projectile motion modeling and simulation

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