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5th International Conference on Data Science, Machine Learning and Applications

作者： Prashanthi, Bh Sai, A. Nikhil Datta Sravan, A. Joganandha Sai Sohan, M. Rohit, G. Gokaraju Rangaraju Inst Engn & Technol Comp Sci & Engn Hyderabad India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819780334;9789819780310;9789819780303

Leveraging cutting-edge eye-tracking technology and machine learning algorithms, a real-time, non-invasive solution that empowers individuals with motor disabilities, allowing them to communicate seamlessly through natural eye movements. The project encompasses a comprehensive pipeline, starting with the collection of precise eye movement data using state-of-the-art eye-tracking hardware. It employs sophisticated image processing techniques to preprocess the acquired data, filtering out noise and detecting blink patterns accurately. This computer vision project not only showcases the potential of eye blink detection for text-based communication but also highlights the importance of innovative solutions that empower individuals with physical limitations to interact with technology effortlessly. Our recommended approach is continually used to test the effects of light and the distance between a user's eyes and a mobile device to assess the exact position, according to test results, offers 90% general exactness and 100% recognition accuracy for a distance of 15 cm with a false light.

关键词： Blink Detection morse code Eye movement Tracking openCV

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morse code application for wireless environmental control systems for severely disabled individuals

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL SYSTEMS AND REHABILITATION ENGINEERING 2003年第4期11卷 463-469页

作者： Yang, CH Chuang, LY Yang, CH Luo, CH Natl Kaohsiung Univ Appl Sci Dept Elect Engn Kaohsiung 807 Taiwan Natl Kaohsiung Inst Marine Technol Dept Elect Commun Engn Kaohsiung 807 Taiwan Natl Cheng Kung Univ Dept Elect Engn Tainan 701 Taiwan

Some physically-disabled. people with neuromuscular diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, or other conditions that hinder their ability to write, type, and speak, require an assistive tool for purposes of augmentative and alternative communication in their daily lives. In this paper, we designed and. implemented a wireless environmental control system using morse code as an adapted access communication tool. The proposed system includes four parts: input-control module;recognition module;wireless-control module;and electronic-equipment-control module. The signals are transmitted using adopted radio frequencies, which permits long distance transmission without space limitation. Experimental results revealed that three participants with physical handicaps were able to gain access to electronic facilities after two months' practice with the new system.

关键词： adaptive signal processing assistive technology environmental control morse code

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morse code recognition using learning vector quantization for persons with physical disabilities

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER SCIENCES 2001年第1期E84A卷 356-362页

作者： Yang, CH Natl Kaohsiung Univ Appl Sci Dept Elect Engn Kaohsiung 807 Taiwan

For physically disabled persons, the conventional computer keyboard is insufficient as a useable communication device. In this paper, morse code is selected as a communication adaptive device for persons with impaired hand coordination and dexterity. morse code is composed of a series of dots, dashes, and space intervals. Each element is transmitted by sending a signal for a defined length of time. Maintaining a stable typing rate by the disabled is difficult. To solve this problem, a suitable adaptive automatic recognition method, which combines a variable degree variable step size LMS algorithm with a learning vector quantization method, was applied to this problem in the present study. The method presented here is divided into five stages: space recognition, tone recognition, learning process, adaptive processing, and character recognition. Statistical analyses demonstrated that the proposed method elicited a better recognition rate in comparison to alternative methods in the literature.

关键词： morse code adaptive signal processing least-mean-square algorithm learning vector quantization

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Unstable morse code recognition with adaptive variable-ratio threshold prediction for physically disabled persons

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON REHABILITATION ENGINEERING 2000年第3期8卷 405-413页

作者： Hsieh, MC Luo, CH Mao, CW Natl Cheng Kung Univ Dept Elect Engn Tainan 70101 Taiwan

With one or two switches, morse code could provide an effective alternative communication channel for individuals with physical limitations. However, most of the physically disabled persons have difficulties in maintaining a stable typing of morse code, and hence the automated recognition of unstable morse code is becoming more on demand. In this study, an adaptive variable-ratio threshold prediction (AVRTP) algorithm is proposed to analyze the morse code time series with variable unit time period and ratio, Two least-mean-square (LMS) predictors are applied to track the dot interval and the dot-dash difference concurrently, and then a predicted threshold based on a variable-ratio decision rule is used to distinguish between dots and dashes, The same method is also applied to identify character-spaces. By the adaptive prediction of variable-ratio threshold, AVRTP has successfully overcome the difficulty of analyzing severely unstable morse code time series and outperformed the previously proposed adaptive unstable-speed prediction (AUSP) algorithm and LMS and matching (LMS&M) algorithm, This study concludes with a computer simulation and a preliminary clinical evaluation that demonstrate AVRTP as an efficient and reliable method for unstable morse code recognition.

关键词： adaptive signal processing alternative communication disability morse code time series prediction

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Adaptive morse code recognition using support vector machines for persons with physical disabilities

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER SCIENCES 2006年第7期E89A卷 1995-2002页

作者： Yang, Cheng-Hong Chuang, Li-Yeh Yang, Cheng-Huei Luo, Ching-Sing Natl Kaohsiung Univ Appl Sci Dept Elect Engn Kaohsiung 807 Taiwan I Shou Univ Dept Chem Engn Kaohsiung 807 Taiwan Natl Kaohsiung Inst Marine Technol Dept Comp Commun Engn Kaohsiung 807 Taiwan Natl Cheng Kung Univ Dept Elect Engn Tainan 701 Taiwan

In this paper, morse code is selected as a communication adaptive device for persons whose hand coordination and dexterity are impaired by such ailments as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis. muscular dystrophy, and other severe handicaps. morse code is composed of a series of dots, dashes, and space intervals, and each element is transmitted by sending a signal for a defined length of time. A suitable adaptive automatic recognition method is needed for persons with disabilities due to their difficulty in maintaining a stable typing rate. To overcome this problem, the proposed method combines the support vector machines method with a variable degree variable step size LMS algorithm. The method is divided into five stages: tone recognition, space recognition, training process, adaptive processing, and character recognition. Statistical analyses demonstrated that the proposed method elicited a better recognition rate in comparison to alternative methods from the literature.

关键词： morse code adaptive signal processing least-ineon-square algorithm support vector machines

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A novel approach to adaptive morse code recognition for disabled persons

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MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTERS IN SIMULATION 2000年第1-3期54卷 23-32页

作者： Yang, CH Luo, CH Jeang, YL Jon, GJ Natl Kaohsiung Inst Technol Dept Elect Engn Kaohsiung 807 Taiwan Natl Cheng Kung Univ Dept Elect Engn Tainan 701 Taiwan

morse code has been shown to he a simple, speedy, low cost, and efficient assistive technology in rehabilitation, education, and augmentative and alternative communication for people with impaired hand coordination and dexterity. A stable typing rate is strictly required though for an accurate recognition of morse code. This restriction is a major hindrance to disabled persons who apply morse code as a communication tool. Therefore, a good automatic adaptive recognition method is needed. The new adaptive morse code recognition method introduced in this paper consists of five separate processes: tone recognition, space recognition, tone_base adjustment, silent_base adjustment, and character recognition. A comparison demonstrates that the proposed method results in a higher number of matches on test problems as compared to alternative methods from the literature. (C) 2000 IMACS. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： morse code adaptive signal processing Friedman test multiple comparison test

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TeNWs/Ti3C2TX Nanohybrid-Based Flexible Pressure Sensors for Personal Safety Applications Using morse code

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ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2022年第12期5卷 18209-18219页

作者： Adepu, Vivek Tathacharya, Manav Raghuram, C. S. Mattela, Venkat Sahatiya, Parikshit Birla Inst Technol & Sci Pilani Dept Elect & Elect Engn Hyderabad 500078 India Ceremorphic Inc San Jose CA 95131 USA Birla Inst Technol & Sci Pilani Mat Ctr Sustainable Energy & Environm Hyderabad 500078 India

This report demonstrates the fabrication and development of a tellurium nanowire (TeNW) and MXene (Ti3C2Tx) nanohybrid-based pressure sensor. The fabricated sensor was later encapsulated in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and used as buttons for the communication system to demonstrate a personal safety application using morse code. The fabricated pressure sensor demonstrated an excellent sensitivity of 9.29241 kPa-1 and stability withstanding over similar to 3000 cycles of applied pressure (similar to 1.729 kPa). Real-time ultraviolet photoelectron spec-troscopy (UPS) is utilized for realizing the band diagram of the TeNWs/Ti3C2Tx nanohybrid to understand the transport of charge carriers upon external pressure. The transduction mechanism of the fabricated pressure sensor is explained using the improved intrinsic piezoresistive properties of the MXene and TeNWs in TeNWs/Ti3C2Tx, which helps in increasing the tunneling current by a decrease in the effective interlayer resistance/interwire tunneling distance of the nanohybrid. Further, an Android application was created to wirelessly receive data via Bluetooth from the sensors connected to a microcontroller. The application displayed the pattern pressed on the sensors as a morse dash or dot. This can further be used in a similar fashion to that of a telegraph to send complex messages such as "HELP". Developing a TeNWS/Ti3C2Tx nanohybrid-based flexible sensor opens many possible wireless monitoring and communication applications.

关键词： TeNWs flexible pressure sensor personal safety morse code ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy

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A chemical address for the morse code

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JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE 2016年第PartA期169卷 348-352页

作者： Cristaldi, Domenico A. Millesi, Salvatrice Mineo, Placido Gulino, Antonino Univ Catania Dept Chem I-95125 Catania Italy INSTM UdR Catania I-95125 Catania Italy

The International morse code is a method to communicate information by a sequence of ON-OFF outputs. A unique and sometime long combination of ON and OFF signals is required to distinguish letters, numerals and to separate each letter and each word. In the present study we synthesized a simple new yttrium beta-diketonate complex whose photoluminescence intensity is strongly dependent on the excitation input and can be easily tuned. Three of these different optical outputs have been easily "keyed" ON, OFF and as a space for letters and words, thus adding an additional readable output and hence making the morse code much more simple and versatile for optical communication. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： morse code Yttrium Luminescence Diketonate

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An interactive morse code emulation management system

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COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS 2003年第2-3期46卷 479-492页

作者： Yang, CH Natl Kaohsiung Univ Appl Sci Dept Elect Engn Kaohsiung 807 Taiwan

Assistive technology (AT) is becoming increasingly important in improving mobility, language, and learning capabilities of persons who have disabilities enabling them to function independently and to improve their social opportunities. morse code has been shown to be a valuable tool in assistive technology, augmentative and alternative communication, rehabilitation, and education, as well as adapted computer access methods via special software programs, hardware devices, and switches. In this study, we designed and implemented an interactive multimedia morse code typing emulation system for persons with disabilities, which include three types of switches, a single switch, a double switch, and six switches, with three adaptive recognition methods. After practicing on the proposed system repeatedly, three people with disabilities were able to familiarize themselves with morse code operation. Experimental results showed that participants improved in both the speed variation coefficient and ratio variation coefficient for entry of keystroke input to the computer. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： morse code assistive technology (AT) keyboard emulation augmentative and alternative communication (AAC)

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A novel morse code-inspired method for multiclass motor imagery brain-computer interface (BCI) design

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COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015年 66卷 11-19页

作者： Jiang, Jun Zhou, Zongtan Yin, Erwei Yu, Yang Liu, Yadong Hu, Dewen Natl Univ Def Technol Changsha 410073 Hunan Peoples R China China Astronaut Res & Training Ctr China Natl Key Lab Human Factors Engn Beijing 100094 Peoples R China

Motor imagery (MI)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) allow disabled individuals to control external devices voluntarily, helping us to restore lost motor functions. However, the number of control commands available in MI-based BCIs remains limited, limiting the usability of BCI systems in control applications involving multiple degrees of freedom (DOF), such as control of a robot arm. To address this problem, we developed a novel morse code-inspired method for MI-based BCI design to increase the number of output commands. Using this method, brain activities are modulated by sequences of MI (sMI) tasks, which are constructed by alternately imagining movements of the left or right hand or no motion. The codes of the sMI task was detected from EEG signals and mapped to special commands. According to permutation theory, an sMI task with N-length allows 2 x (2(N) - 1) possible commands with the left and right MI tasks under self-paced conditions. To verify its feasibility, the new method was used to construct a six-class BCI system to control the arm of a humanoid robot. Four subjects participated in our experiment and the averaged accuracy of the six-class sMI tasks was 89.4%. The Cohen's kappa coefficient and the throughput of our BCI paradigm are 0.88 +/- 0.060 and 23.5 bits per minute (bpm), respectively. Furthermore, all of the subjects could operate an actual three-joint robot arm to grasp an object in around 49.1 s using our approach. These promising results suggest that the morse code-inspired method could be used in the design of BCIs for multi-DOF control. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electroencephalogram (EEG) Brain-computer interface (BCI) morse code Sequential motor imagery Multi-DOF robot arm control

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