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Quantum multi-programming for Grover's search

QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING 2023年第1期22卷 1-23页

作者： Park, Gilchan Zhang, Kun Yu, Kwangmin Korepin, Vladimir Brookhaven Natl Lab Computat Sci Initiat Upton NY 11973 USA SUNY Stony Brook Dept Chem Stony Brook NY 11794 USA SUNY Stony Brook CN Yang Inst Theoret Phys Stony Brook NY 11794 USA

Quantum multi-programming is a method utilizing contemporary noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers by executing multiple quantum circuits concurrently. Despite early research on it, the research remains on quantum gates or small-size quantum algorithms without correlation. In this paper, we propose a quantum multi-programming (QMP) algorithm for Grover's search. Our algorithm decomposes Grover's algorithm by the partial diffusion operator and executes the decomposed circuits in parallel by QMP. We proved that this new algorithm increases the rotation angle of the Grover operator which, as a result, increases the success probability. The new algorithm is implemented on IBM quantum computers and compared with the canonical Grover's algorithm and other variations of Grover's algorithms. The empirical tests validate that our new algorithm outperforms other variations of Grover's algorithms as well as the canonical Grover's algorithm.

关键词： Quantum computing NISQ algorithm multi-programming Grover's search

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A Novel Scheduling Framework for multi-programming Quantum Computing in Cloud Environment

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 1957-1974页

作者： Danyang Zheng Jinchen Xv Feng Yue Qiming Du ZhihengWang Zheng Shan Information Engineering University Zhengzhou450001China

As cloud quantum computing gains broader acceptance,a growing quantity of researchers are directing their focus towards this ***,the rapid surge in demand for cloud-based quantum computing resources has led to a scarcity,which in turn hampers users from achieving optimal ***,cloud quantum computing service providers require a unified analysis and scheduling framework for their quantumresources and user jobs to meet the ever-growing usage *** paper introduces a new multi-programming scheduling framework for quantum computing in a cloud *** framework addresses the issue of limited quantum computing resources in cloud environments and ensures a satisfactory user *** introduces three innovative designs:1)Our framework automatically allocates tasks to different quantum backends while ensuring fairness among users by considering both the cloud-based quantum resources and the user-submitted tasks.2)multi-programming mechanism is employed across different quantum backends to enhance the overall throughput of the quantum *** comparison to conventional task schedulers,our proposed framework achieves a throughput improvement of more than two-fold in the quantum cloud.3)The framework can balance fidelity and user waiting time by adaptively adjusting scheduling parameters.

关键词： Quantum computing scheduling multi-programming qubit mapping

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A New Qubits Mapping Mechanism for multi-programming Quantum Computing 20

A New Qubits Mapping Mechanism for Multi-programming Quantum...

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ACM International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques (PACT)

作者： Dou, Xinglei Liu, Lei Chinese Acad Sci Sys Inventor Lab ICT SKLCA Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450380751

For a specific quantum chip, multi-programming helps to improve the overall throughput and resource utilization. However, previous solutions for mapping multiple programs often lead to resource under-utilization, high error rate, and low fidelity. In this paper, we propose a new approach to map concurrent quantum programs. Our approach has three critical components. The first one is the Community Detection Assisted Partition (CDAP) algorithm, which partitions physical qubits for concurrent quantum programs by considering physical typology and the error rate, avoiding the waste of robust resources. The second one is the X-SWAP scheme that enables inter-program SWAPs and prioritizes SWAPs associated with critical gates to reduce the SWAP overheads. Finally, we propose a compilation task scheduler, which dynamically selects concurrent quantum programs to be compiled and executed together based on estimated fidelity for the best practice. We evaluate our work on publicly available quantum computer IBMQ16 and a simulated quantum chip IBMQ50. Our work outperforms the state-of-the-art work for multi-programming on fidelity and compilation overheads by 12.0% and 11.6%, respectively.

关键词： multi-programming scheduling quantum computing

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Turning Pololu 3Pi into a multi-programming platform 15

Turning Pololu 3Pi into a multi-programming platform

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15th Latin American Robotic Symposium (LARS) / 6th Brazilian Symposium on Robotics (SBR) / 9th Workshop on Robotics in Education (WRE)

作者： Jose Roberto Fonseca, S., Jr. de Lima, Pedro Vitor S. G. Bezerra, Maria Helena R. A. Teixeira, Joao Marcelo X. N. Cerquinho Cajueiro, Joao Paulo Univ Fed Pernambuco Maracatron Recife PE Brazil Univ Fed Pernambuco Dept Elect & Syst Recife PE Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781538677612

Line-following robots have the ability to recognize and follow a line drawn on a surface. It works based on a simple self-sustainable system composed with a set of sensors, motors and a controller. In order to get optimal performance in such robots, it's necessary to carry out several tests to evaluate the behavior in each trial. In the majority of cases, a new trial requires to upload a new program, thus slowing down the development of the line-following. This paper presents an approach to solve the inconvenience of having to upload a new program in each trial. It consists in merging multiple codes in to one to create a program that gives the user the ability to switch between them anytime inside Pololu's 3pi line follower platform.

关键词： multi-programming line-following robot autonomous robot

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A Performance Evaluation of multi-programming Model on a multicore System with Virtual Machines 8

A Performance Evaluation of Multi-Programming Model on a Mul...

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8th IEEE International Symposium on Embedded multicore/Manycore Systems-on-Chip (MCSoC)

作者： Ueno, Hitoshi Cc Ures Off Atsugi Kanagawa Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781479943050

For a lot of equipment like industrial equipment, automotive or consumer electrical appliances, embedded computers are widely used. Many computers are embedded in the equipment because it has excellent features and their controls are more complex. Recently, general purpose microcomputer has been made to have multicore CPUs to achieve high performance. multicore CPU is also expected to be used widely because of embedded computers, but it is not clear how to use the computer. Virtual machine technology is proposed and used as the solution to the problem, as it makes possible the integration of some control computers into a high-performance embedded computer. However, it is not simple for engineers to design the performance of the system because the characteristics of virtual machines are different compared with real machines. In this article, the performance characteristics of multicore embedded computers with virtual machines are analyzed, with an assumption that the control programs are developed by multi-programming model using process or thread of Linux OS. For the evaluations, a benchmark program is designed. The results show a performance difference of 5%-10% between process cases and thread cases, regardless whether real machine or virtual machine is used. In performance comparison of real machine and virtual machine, 13%-88% performance differences are realized, which depend on the number of CPU cores. Furthermore, some unprecedented phenomena in performance are found in cases where the number of CPU cores exceeds the number of parallel executions of process/thread. The measured results are useful and can serve as a guide in designing system performance for multicore embedded computers.

关键词： virtual machine multicore multi-programming process thread Linux performance evaluation supervisor mode

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A Case for multi-programming Quantum Computers 52

A Case for Multi-Programming Quantum Computers

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52nd Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO)

作者： Das, Poulami Tannu, Swamit S. Nair, Prashant J. Qureshi, Moinuddin Georgia Tech Atlanta GA 30332 USA Univ British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781450369381

Existing and near-term quantum computers face significant reliability challenges because of high error rates caused by noise. Such machines are operated in the Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) model of computing. As NISQ machines exhibit high error-rates, only programs that require a few qubits can be executed reliably. Therefore, NISQ machines tend to underutilize its resources. In this paper, we propose to improve the throughput and utilization of NISQ machines by using multi-programming and enabling the NISQ machine to concurrently execute multiple workloads. multi-programming a NISQ machine is non-trivial. This is because, a multi-programmed NISQ machine can have an adverse impact on the reliability of the individual workloads. To enable multi-programming in a robust manner, we propose three solutions. First, we develop methods to partition the qubits into multiple reliable regions using error information from machine calibration so that each program can have a fair allocation of reliable qubits. Second, we observe that when two programs are of unequal lengths, measurement operations can impact the reliability of the co-running program. To reduce this interference, we propose a Delayed Instruction Scheduling (DIS) policy that delays the start of the shorter program so that all the measurement operations can be performed at the end. Third, we develop an Adaptive multi-programming (AMP) design that monitors the reliability at runtime and reverts to single program mode if the reliability impact of multi-programming is greater than a predefined threshold. Our evaluations with IBM-Q16 show that our proposals can improve resource utilization and throughput by up to 2x, while limiting the impact on reliability.

关键词： Quantum Computer multi-programming Reliability NISQ

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QuCloud+: A Holistic Qubit Mapping Scheme for Single/multi-programming on 2D/3D NISQ Quantum Computers

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ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization 2024年第1期21卷 1-27页

作者： Lei Liu Xinglei Dou Beihang University China

Qubit mapping for NISQ superconducting quantum computers is essential to fidelity and resource utilization. The existing qubit mapping schemes meet challenges, e.g., crosstalk, SWAP overheads, diverse device topologies, etc., leading to qubit resource underutilization and low fidelity in computing results. This article introduces QuCloud+, a new qubit mapping scheme that tackles these challenges. QuCloud+ has several new designs. (1) QuCloud+ supports single/multi-programming quantum computing on quantum chips with 2D/3D topology. (2) QuCloud+ partitions physical qubits for concurrent quantum programs with the crosstalk-aware community detection technique and further allocates qubits according to qubit degree, improving fidelity, and resource utilization. (3) QuCloud+ includes an X-SWAP mechanism that avoids SWAPs with high crosstalk errors and enables inter-program SWAPs to reduce the SWAP overheads. (4) QuCloud+ schedules concurrent quantum programs to be mapped and executed based on estimated fidelity for the best practice. Experimental results show that, compared with the existing typical multi-programming study [12], QuCloud+ achieves up to 9.03% higher fidelity and saves on the required SWAPs during mapping, reducing the number of CNOT gates inserted by 40.92%. Compared with a recent study [30] that enables post-mapping gate optimizations to further reduce gates, QuCloud+ reduces the post-mapping circuit depth by 21.91% while using a similar number of gates.

关键词： Quantum computing multi-programming qubit mapping fidelity Quantum OS

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ASHA: An adaptive shared-memory sharing architecture for multi-programmed GPUs

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MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROSYSTEMS 2016年第PartB期46卷 264-273页

作者： Abbasitabar, Hamed Samavatian, Mohammad Hossein Sarbazi-Azad, Hamid Sharif Univ Technol Dept Comp Engn HPCAN Lab 434 Azadi Ave Tehran Iran

Spatial multi-programming is one of the most efficient multi-programming methods on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). This multi-programming scheme generates variety in resource requirements of stream multiprocessors (SMs) and creates opportunities for sharing unused portions of each SM resource with other SMs. Although this approach drastically improves GPU performance, in some cases it leads to performance degradation due to the shortage of allocated resource to each program. Considering shared memory as one of the main bottlenecks of thread-level parallelism (TLP), in this paper, we propose an adaptive shared-memory sharing architecture, called ASHA. ASHA enhances spatial multi-programming performance and increases utilization of GPU resources. Experimental results demonstrate that ASHA improves speedup of a multi-programmed GPU by 17%-21%, on average, for 2- to 8-program execution scenarios, respectively. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： GPGPU multi-programming Resource sharing Shared-memory

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A hybrid closed queuing network model for multi-threaded dataflow architecture

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COMPUTERS & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 2005年第8期31卷 556-571页

作者： Bhaskar, V Univ Technol Troyes Dept Gen Syst Infomat & Telecommun F-10010 Troyes France

In this paper, a closed queuing network model with both single and multiple servers has been proposed to model dataflow in a multi-threaded architecture. multi-threading is useful in reducing the latency by switching among a set of threads in order to improve the processor utilization. Two sets of processors, synchronization and execution processors exist. Synchronization processors handle load/store operations and execution processors handle arithmetic/logic and control operations. A closed queuing network model is suitable for large number of job arrivals. The normalization constant is derived using a recursive algorithm for the given model. State diagrams are drawn from the hybrid closed queuing network model, and the steady-state balance equations are derived from it. Performance measures such as average response times and average system throughput are derived and plotted against the total number of processors in the closed queuing network model. Other important performance measures like processor utilizations, average queue lengths, average waiting times and relative utilizations are also derived. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： synchronization and execution processors multi-programming queue lengths response times utilizations normalization constant throughput

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A hybrid open queuing network model approach for multi-threaded dataflow architecture

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COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS 2008年第17期31卷 4098-4106页

作者： Bhaskar, Vidhyacharan Adjallah, Kondo Hloindo SRM Univ Dept Elect & Commun Engn Kancheepuram District 603203 Tamil Nadu India Univ Technol Troyes Charles Delaunay Inst F-10010 Troyes France

multi-threading has been proposed as an execution model for massively built parallel processors. Due to the large amount of potential parallelism, resource management is a critical issue in multi-threaded architecture. The challenge of multi-threading is to hide the latency by switching among a set of ready threads and thus to improve the processor utilization. Threads are dynamically scheduled to execute based on availability of data. In this paper, two hybrid open queuing network models are proposed. Two sets of processors: synchronization processors and execution processors exist. Each processor is modeled as a server serving a single-queue or multiple-servers serving a single-queue. Performance measures like response times, system throughput and average queue lengths are evaluated for both the hybrid models. The utilizations of the two models are derived and compared with each other. A mean value analysis is performed and different performance measures are plotted. Crown copyright (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Synchronization and execution processors multi-programming Queue lengths Response times Throughput

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