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Fast disparity and motion estimation for mufti-view video coding

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2007年第2期53卷 712-719页

作者： Kim, Yongtae Kim, Jiyoung Sohn, Kwanghoon Yonsei Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn Seoul 120749 South Korea

In this paper, we propose a fast disparity and motion estimation for multi-view video coding (MVC). When implementing MVC, one of the most critical problems is heavy computational complexity caused by the large amount of information in multi-view sequences. Hence, a fast algorithm is essential. To reduce this computational complexity, we adaptively controlled a search range considering the reliability of each macroblock. In order to estimate this reliability, we calculated the difference between the predicted vectors that were obtained from different methods. When working with conventional encoders, vectors can be predicted using median filtering from causal blocks. Moreover, we calculated another predicted vector using multi-view camera geometry or the relationship between the disparity and motion vectors. We assumed that this difference indicated the reliability of the current macroblock. By using these properties, we were able to determine new search range and reduce the number of searching points within the limited window. The proposed MVC system was tested with several multiview sequences to evaluate performance. Experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm was able to reduce processing time by maximumly 70-80% in estimation process.

关键词： joint disparity/motion estimation fast motion estimation multi-view video coding

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A study of depth/texture bit-rate allocation in multi-view video plus depth compression

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ANNALS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS 2013年第11-12期68卷 615-625页

作者： Bosc, Emilie Racape, Fabien Jantet, Vincent Riou, Paul Pressigout, Muriel Morin, Luce Univ Europeenne Bretagne INSA Rennes IETR UMR 6164 F-35708 Rennes France INRIA Rennes F-35042 Rennes France

multi-view video plus depth (MVD) data offer a reliable representation of three-dimensional (3D) scenes for 3D video applications. This is a huge amount of data whose compression is an important challenge for researchers at the current time. Consisting of texture and depth video sequences, the question of the relationship between these two types of data regarding bit-rate allocation often raises. This paper questions the required ratio between texture and depth when encoding MVD data. In particular, the paper investigates the elements impacting on the best bit-rate ratio between depth and color: total bit-rate budget, input data features, encoding strategy, and assessed view.

关键词： multi-view video coding Bit-rate HEVC H. 264 PSNR view synthesis

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Reducing 3D video coding Complexity through More Efficient Disparity Estimation

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2014年第1期60卷 74-82页

作者： Micallef, Brian W. Debono, Carl J. Farrugia, Reuben A. Univ Malta Dept Commun & Comp Engn CCE MSD-2080 Msida Malta Univ Malta Dept CCE MSD-2080 Msida Malta

3D video coding for transmission exploits the Disparity Estimation (DE) to remove the inter-view redundancies present within both the texture and the depth map multi-view videos. Good estimation accuracy can be achieved by partitioning the macro-block into smaller sub-blocks partitions. However, the DE process must be performed on each individual sub-block to determine the optimal mode and their disparity vectors, in terms of rate-distortion efficiency. This vector estimation process is heavy on computational resources, thus, the coding computational cost becomes proportional to the number of search points and the inter-view modes tested during the rate-distortion optimization. In this paper, a solution that exploits the available depth map data, together with the multi-view geometry, is proposed to identify a better DE search area;such that it allows a reduction in its search points. It also exploits the number of different depth levels present within the current macro-block to determine which modes can be used for DE to further reduce its computations. Simulation results demonstrate that this can save up to 95% of the encoding time, with little influence on the coding efficiency of the texture and the depth map multi-view video coding. This makes 3D video coding more practical for any consumer devices, which tend to have limited computational power(1).

关键词： 3D video coding fast disparity estimation fast mode selection disparity estimation multi-view video coding

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System architecture for free-viewpoint video and 3D-TV

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2008年第2期54卷 925-932页

作者： Morvan, Yannick Farin, Dirk de With, Peter H. N. Eindhoven Univ Technol NL-5600 MB Eindhoven Netherlands CycloMedia Technol Waardenburg Netherlands

This paper presents a system architecture of an acquisition, compression and rendering system for 3D-TV and free-viewpoint video applications. We show that the proposed system yields two distinct advantages. First, it achieves an efficient compression of 3D/multi-view video by extending a standard H.264 encoder such that near backward compatibility is retained. Second, the proposed system can efficiently compress both 3D-TV and free-viewpoint multi-view video datasets using the single proposed system architecture.

关键词： 3D-TV free viewpoint video multi-view video coding 3D video coding

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Bandwidth-Efficient Transmission Method for User view-Oriented video Services

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第12期65卷 2571-2589页

作者： Minjae Seo Jong-Ho Paik Department of Computer Seoul Women’s UniversitySeoul01797Korea Department of Software Convergence Seoul Women’s UniversitySeoul01797Korea

The trend in video viewing has been evolving beyond simply providing a multi-view ***,a function that allows selection and viewing of a clip from a multi-view service that captures a specific range or object has been *** particular,the free-view service is an extended concept of multi-view and provides a freer ***,since numerous videos and additional data are required for its construction,all of the clips constituting the content cannot be simultaneously *** certain clips are selected and provided to the *** the video is not the preferred video,change request is made,and a delay occurs during retransmission from the *** due to frequent re-requests degrade the overall quality of *** free-view services,selectively transmitting the video according to the user’s desired viewpoint and region of interest within the limited network of available videos is *** this study,we propose a method of screening and providing the correct video based on objects in the *** on the method of recognizing the object in each clip,we designed a method of setting its priority based on information about the object’s location for each *** the transmission and receiving process using this information,the selected video can be rapidly recognized and ***,we present a service system configuration method and propose video selection examples for free-view services.

关键词： Free-viewpoint video multi-view video coding scene change object co-detection transmission method

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Illumination compensation for multi-view video based on layered histogram matching with depth information

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OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS 2013年第1期286卷 74-84页

作者： Lee, Dong-Seok Ko, Min-Soo Seo, Young-Ho Kim, Dong-Wook Yoo, Jisang Kwangwoon Univ Seoul 139701 South Korea

Recently, 3-dimensional, stereo, and multi-view videos have been gathering attention for next-generation imaging services. However, they suffer from illumination mismatches caused by differences in camera positions for different viewpoints and imperfect camera calibration. multi-view videos are more susceptible to these problems. They usually decrease the performance of further processes such as data compression. We propose several component techniques to reduce the effects of these problems, built on the basis of time-constant histogram matching methods. Our method consists of a pre-processing filter to increase the pixel correlation: a color conversion technique to consider the value range of each color component;an image separation technique to separate an image into several layered sub-images using corresponding depth information;and a technique to group the temporal frames as appropriate processing units for illumination compensation. To show the performance of the proposed techniques, we conduct experiments that apply the methods to several multi-view video test sequences for illumination compensation, which are followed by a data compression process using a standard tool. In these experiments we compose the proposed techniques into four combinations on the basis of the time-constant histogram matching method. The experimental results show that all four combinations increased the image quality more than 2 dB in PSNR at the same bit-rate, or decreased the bit-rate by about 20% at the same image quality in comparison to the JMVM, which includes an illumination compensation technique. In comparison with previous studies, all four combinations showed better performance. Thus, we can conclude that each of the proposed techniques contributes to illumination compensation and multi-view video coding. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Illumination compensation Histogram matching multi-view video coding Color conversion Layered sub-image Group of pictures

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Random access prediction structures for light field video coding with MV-HEVC

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multiMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2020年第19-20期79卷 12847-12867页

作者： Avramelos, Vasileios De Praeter, Johan Van Wallendael, Glenn Lambert, Peter Univ Ghent Dept Elect & Informat Syst IMEC IDLab Technol Pk Zwijnaarde 122 B-9052 Ghent Belgium

Computational imaging and light field technology promise to deliver the required six-degrees-of-freedom for natural scenes in virtual reality. Already existing extensions of standardized video coding formats, such as multi-view coding and multi-view plus depth, are the most conventional light field video coding solutions at the moment. The latest multi-view coding format, which is a direct extension of the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard, is called multi-view HEVC (or MV-HEVC). MV-HEVC treats each light field view as a separate video sequence, and uses syntax elements similar to standard HEVC for exploiting redundancies between neighboring views. To achieve this, inter-view and temporal prediction schemes are deployed with the aim to find the most optimal trade-off between coding performance and reconstruction quality. The number of possible prediction structures is unlimited and many of them are proposed in the literature. Although some of them are efficient in terms of compression ratio, they complicate random access due to the dependencies on previously decoded pixels or frames. Random access is an important feature in video delivery, and a crucial requirement in multi-view video coding. In this work, we propose and compare different prediction structures for coding light field video using MV-HEVC with a focus on both compression efficiency and random accessibility. Experiments on three different short-baseline light field video sequences show the trade-off between bit-rate and distortion, as well as the average number of decoded views/frames, necessary for displaying any random frame at any time instance. The findings of this work indicate the most appropriate prediction structure depending on the available bandwidth and the required degree of random access.

关键词： Light field video coding multi-view video coding MV-HEVC Prediction structures Random access Virtual reality Free navigation

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Early DIRECT Mode Decision for MVC Using MB Mode Homogeneity and RD Cost Correlation

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BROADCASTING 2016年第3期62卷 700-708页

作者： Li, Yue Yang, Gaobo Chen, Ning Zhu, Yapei Ding, Xiangling Hunan Univ Sch Informat Sci & Engn Changsha 410082 Hunan Peoples R China Hengyang Normal Univ Fac Phys & Elect Informat Sci Hengyang 421002 Peoples R China

multi-view video coding (MVC) adopts variable size mode decision to achieve high coding efficiency. However, its high computational complexity is a bottleneck of enabling MVC into practical real-time applications. In this paper, an early termination strategy is proposed for DIRECT mode decision of MVC by exploiting mode homogeneity and rate distortion (RD) cost correlation. By comparing the RD cost between DIRECT mode and Inter16x16 mode, an adaptive threshold is defined based on the MB's mode homogeneity and RD cost so as to early terminate the remaining inter and intra modes. Experimental results show that compared with the original JMVC model, the proposed approach can reduce the total encoding time from 65.08% to 91.45% (80.43% on average). Meanwhile, the Bjontegaard delta peak signal-to-noise ratio only decreases 0.031 dB and Bjontegaard delta bit rate increases 0.97% on average, which is a negligible loss of coding efficiency and superior to the performance of state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： DIRECT mode decision mode homogeneity RD cost multi-view video coding

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Cross-Layer Optimization for multi-view video Streaming Service over Wireless Broadband Internet

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2011年第7期E94B卷 2104-2113页

作者： Son, Junghyun Suh, Doug Young Park, Gwang-Hoon Kim, Kyuheon Kyung Hee Univ Media Lab Natl Res Lab Korea Coll Elect & Informat Yongin 449701 Kyunggi South Korea Kyung Hee Univ Dept Comp Engn Yongin 449701 Kyunggi South Korea

This paper defines a Quality of Experience (QoE) parameter for multi-view video streaming service over Wireless Broadband Internet, and proposes cross-layer optimization (CLO) algorithm to maximize the QoE. The proposed CLO algorithm interacts with all layers from PHY layer to video layer. Under the time-varying wireless channel condition, it guarantees service continuity to the user by selecting frames to be transmitted. The CLO technique takes inter-view and the temporal significance of the multi-view video frames into consideration when deciding the Transmission Frame Set (TFS) and its Levels of FEC (LOF). Through simulation of the proposed technique, it is shown that the optimal quality of the multiview video can be achieved even during hand-over, using the minimum amount of resources. Visual quality of multi-view video streams is improved by about 15.3 similar to 30.2%, especially tip to 39.1 similar to 65% during the hand-over. Moreover, continuity of the most important view has been increased by 20.1 similar to 39.1% in comparison with conventional method.

关键词： QoE cross-layer optimization WiBro multi-view video coding multi-view video streaming

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Adaptive delivery of immersive 3D multi-view video over the Internet

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multiMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2016年第20期75卷 12431-12461页

作者： Ozcinar, Cagri Ekmekcioglu, Erhan Calic, Janko Kondoz, Ahmet Univ Paris Saclay LTCI CNRS Telecom ParisTech F-75013 Paris France Univ Surrey Ctr Vis Speech & Signal Proc Guildford Surrey England Loughborough Univ London Inst Digital Technol London England

The increase in Internet bandwidth and the developments in 3D video technology have paved the way for the delivery of 3D multi-view video (MVV) over the Internet. However, large amounts of data and dynamic network conditions result in frequent network congestion, which may prevent video packets from being delivered on time. As a consequence, the 3D video experience may well be degraded unless content-aware precautionary mechanisms and adaptation methods are deployed. In this work, a novel adaptive MVV streaming method is introduced which addresses the future generation 3D immersive MVV experiences with multi-view displays. When the user experiences network congestion, making it necessary to perform adaptation, the rate-distortion optimum set of views that are pre-determined by the server, are truncated from the delivered MVV streams. In order to maintain high Quality of Experience (QoE) service during the frequent network congestion, the proposed method involves the calculation of low-overhead additional metadata that is delivered to the client. The proposed adaptive 3D MVV streaming solution is tested using the MPEG Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (MPEG-DASH) standard. Both extensive objective and subjective evaluations are presented, showing that the proposed method provides significant quality enhancement under the adverse network conditions.

关键词： 3D multi-view video multi-view video coding video coding video streaming video adaptation Adaptive streaming MPEG-DASH

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