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Automatic analysis of DMA races using model checking and k-induction

FORMAL METHODS IN SYSTEM DESIGN 2011年第1期39卷 83-113页

作者： Donaldson, Alastair F. Kroening, Daniel Rummer, Philipp Univ Oxford Dept Comp Sci Oxford England Uppsala Univ Dept Informat Technol Uppsala Sweden

Modern multicore processors, such as the Cell Broadband Engine, achieve high performance by equipping accelerator cores with small "scratch-pad" memories. The price for increased performance is higher programming complexity - the programmer must manually orchestrate data movement using direct memory access (DMA) operations. programming using asynchronous DMA operations is error-prone, and DMA races can lead to nondeterministic bugs which are hard to reproduce and fix. We present a method for DMA race analysis in C programs. Our method works by automatically instrumenting a program with assertions modeling the semantics of a memory flow controller. The instrumented program can then be analyzed using state-of-the-art software model checkers. We show that bounded model checking is effective for detecting DMA races in buggy programs. To enable automatic verification of the correctness of instrumented programs, we present a new formulation of k-induction geared towards software, as a proof rule operating on loops. Our techniques are implemented as a tool, Scratch, which we apply to a large set of programs supplied with the IBM Cell SDK, in which we discover a previously unknown bug. Our experimental results indicate that our k-induction method performs extremely well on this problem class. To our knowledge, this marks both the first application of k-induction to software verification, and the first example of software model checking in the context of heterogeneous multicore processors.

关键词： Model checking k-induction DMA multicore programming Cell BE

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A portable, efficient inter-core communication scheme for embedded multicore platforms

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE 2011年第2期57卷 193-205页

作者： Hung, Shih-Hao Tu, Chia-Heng Yang, Wen-Long Natl Taiwan Univ Grad Inst Networking & Multimedia Taipei 106 Taiwan Natl Taiwan Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Taipei 106 Taiwan

multicore processor designs have become increasingly popular for embedded applications in recent years, but diversified inter-core communication mechanisms have led to the difficulties in software development, integration and migration. A unified, portable, and efficient inter-core communication mechanism would have helped reduce these difficulties significantly, but such a solution did not exist today. We proposed a scheme called MSG, which provides users with a set of essential message-passing programming interfaces adopted from MP! and MCAPI, including blocking and non-blocking point-to-point communications, one-sided communications, and collective operations. We experimented and evaluated our design methodology with case studies on two heterogeneous multicore platforms: IBM CELL and ITRI PAC DUO. On the CELL platform, our MSG library fitted in the 256 KB local memory on each individual processor core and outperformed two existing communication libraries, DaCS and CML. On the second case study, we were able to port MSG onto the PAC DUO platform within two weeks upon receiving the platform. With a systematic approach, we showed how optimizations could be done to improve the performance of the MSG libraries. Hopefully, our experiences help the design and development of communication libraries for existing and future multicore platforms. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： multicore programming Inter-core communication Message-passing Embedded systems Heterogeneous multicore platforms

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Averting the Next Software Crisis

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COMPUTER 2011年第4期44卷 88-90页

作者： Vandierendonck, Hans Mens, Tom Univ Ghent Dept Elect & Informat Syst Ghent Belgium Univ Mons Fac Sci Inst Comp Sci B-7000 Mons Belgium Univ Mons Software Engn Lab B-7000 Mons Belgium

The paper states that for parallel programming to become mainstream, software engineering will need to help pave the way.

关键词： Software Engineering Parallel programming Software Engineering Software Object Oriented Modeling multicore Processing Computational Modeling Parallel programming Parallel Processing Reengineering Software Technologies multicore programming Parallel programming Refactoring Model Driven Engineering

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Workshop on transitioning to multicore (TMC 2011)

Workshop on transitioning to multiCore (TMC 2011)

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ACM International Conference on Systems, programming, Languages, and Applications: Software for Humanity, SPLASH'11

作者： Sadowski, Caitlin Yi, Jaeheon University of California Santa Cruz United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450309424

multicore programming is both prevalent and difficult. Industry programmers deal with large amounts of legacy code and are increasingly relying on multithreading to provide scalability. For legacy systems, it may not be possible to change this programming model. The Transitioning to multicore (TMC) workshop is focused on tools and systems for parallel programming that are interoperable with legacy code, that minimize the annotation burden for developers, and match well with current industry practice. We solicit industry experience reports about working or unworkable examples of such tools or systems, as well as research reports.

关键词： multicore programming

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Coarse-grain speculation for emerging processors

Coarse-grain speculation for emerging processors

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ACM International Conference on Systems, programming, Languages, and Applications: Software for Humanity, SPLASH'11

作者： Pyla, Hari K. Virginia Polytechnic Institute State University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450309424

The impending multi/many-core processor revolution requires that programmers leverage explicit concurrency to improve performance. Unfortunately, a large body of applications/algorithms are inherently hard to parallelize due to execution order constraints imposed by data and control dependencies or being sensitive to their input data and not scale perfectly, leaving several cores idle. The goal of this research is to enable such applications leverage multi/many-cores efficiently to improve their performance.

关键词： multicore programming

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Dynamic selection of speculative paths in two-path limited speculation method

Dynamic selection of speculative paths in two-path limited s...

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IASTED International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing and Systems, PDCS 2011

作者： Jutori, Hiroyoshi Ootsu, Kanemitsu Yokota, Takashi Baba, Takanobu Graduate School of Engineering Utsunomiya University 7-1-2 Yoto Utsunomiya Tochigi 321-8585 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780889869073

Speculative multithreading is one of the most hopeful methods for speeding up the execution of programs in multicore systems. Each loop has a lot of possible execution paths, however, only a few of them are executed frequently in many cases. We focus two-path limited speculation method, that speculates only the most frequent two paths based on path profiling results of the whole program execution using path profiling. To maximize the performance of the method, this paper discusses 'phased behavior' in pro- gram execution. This paper firstly shows actual behaviors in program execution in terms of execution paths. Then, we introduce practical methods of dynamic selection of speculation paths. Preliminary estimation results show that realistically optimal method performs 1.78 times speedup at the maximum and also that the practical method can in- crease speculation success ratio up to 10 percents.

关键词： multicore programming

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Optimizing multicore performance with message driven execution: A case study

Optimizing multicore performance with message driven executi...

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18th International Conference on High Performance Computing, HiPC 2011

作者： Jetley, Pritish Kale, Laxmikant V. Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781457719516

With the growing amount of parallelism available on today's multicore processors, achieving good performance at scale is challenging. We approach this issue through an alternative to traditional thread-based paradigms for writing shared memory programs, namely message driven multicore programming. We study a number of optimizations that improve the efficiency of message driven programs on multicore architectures. In particular, we focus on the following runtime system-enabled optimizations: (i) grainsize control to effect a good concurrency-overhead tradeoff, (ii) dynamic balancing of processor load, (iii) low-overhead, asynchronous communication for lock-free and message-driven execution and (iv) communication-reduction through a novel chunked shared array abstraction. The practical impact of these optimizations is quantified through a parallel kd-tree construction program written in the message-driven paradigm. A comparison of the optimized code with a state-of-the-art parallel kd-tree construction program is also presented. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： multicore programming

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Workshop on transitioning to multicore (TMC 2011): Overview abstract

Workshop on transitioning to multicore (TMC 2011): Overview ...

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ACM International Conference on Systems, programming, Languages, and Applications: Software for Humanity, SPLASH'11 and the Co-Located Workshops: DSM'11, TMC'11, AGERE'11, AOOPES'11, NEAT'11, and VMIL'11

作者： Sadowski, Caitlin Yi, Jaeheon University of California Santa Cruz CA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450311830

multicore programming is both prevalent and difficult. Industry programmers deal with large amounts of legacy code and are increasingly relying on multithreading to provide scalability. The Transitioning to multicore (TMC) workshop is focused on tools and systems for parallel programming that are interoperable with legacy code, that minimize the annotation burden for developers, and match well with current industry practice. TMC 2011 was comprised of 7 paper presentations, a panel session, and a group discussion. The workshop structure and discussion results are summarized in this document. © 2011 Authors.

关键词： multicore programming

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programming challenges & solutions for multi-processor SoCs: An industrial perspective

Programming challenges & solutions for multi-processor SoCs:...

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作者： Paulin, Pierre STMicroelectronics Inc. 16 Fitzgerald Road Ottawa ON K2H 8R6 Canada

In this paper, we describe challenges and solutions for programming multi-processor systems-on-a-chip, based on our experience in programming Platform2012, a large-scale multicore fabric under development by STMicroel... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781450306362

关键词： multicore programming

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multicore C++ Standard Template Library in a Generative Way

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ELECTRONIC NOTES IN THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE 2011年第3期279卷 63-72页

作者： Szugyi, Zalan Torok, Mark Pataki, Norbert Eotvos Lorand Univ Dept Programming Languages & Compilers Budapest Hungary

Nowadays, the one of the most important challenges in the programming is the efficient usage of multicore processors. Many new programming languages and libraries support multicore programming. Cilk++ is one of the most well-known languages extension of C++ providing new keywords for multicore programming. C++ Standard Template Library is efficient generic library but it does not support parallelism. It is optimized to the sequential realm, hence it can be an efficiency bottleneck when it is used in multicore environment. In this paper we argue for a multicore implementation of C++ Standard Template Library for Cilk++. We consider the implementation of containers, algorithms, and functors as well. Our implementation takes advantage of generative technologies of C++. We also measure the speedup of our implementation.

关键词： multicore programming C++ STL generic programming

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