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Class of multilevel run-length limited trellis codes

ELECTRONICS LETTERS 1999年第25期35卷 2192-2193页

作者： Tang, HH Lin, MC Natl Taiwan Univ Dept Elect Engn Taipei 106 Taiwan

The authors have used a multilevel coding technique to construct run-length limited (RLL) trellis codes with error-correcting capabilities. The constructed codes have better performance than the RLL trellis codes prev... 详细信息

关键词： error correction codes multilevel coding Codes trellis codes runlength codes run-length limited trellis code error correction

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multilevel Reed-Solomon Codes for PMR Channels

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS 2016年第2期52卷 1-8页

作者： Demirkan, Ismail Silvus, Gregory Istanbul Sehir Univ TR-34662 Istanbul Turkey Broadcom Corp Longmont CO 80503 USA

Reed-Solomon (RS) codes are commonly utilized in magnetic recording systems to correct error bursts. A soft-output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA) is a commonly used detector to provide soft information to error-correcting decoders. We propose a novel architecture of a multilevel interleaved RS coding scheme that not only provides better performance but also has less complexity than an equivalent RS code. This architecture implements an error event detector using the soft information generated by the SOVA detector. The performance and complexity of the decoding technique are compared with the well-known soft-decoding techniques, such as generalized minimum distance decoding and Chase decoding techniques.

关键词： Chase decoding error-correction coding generalized minimum distance (GMD) decoding interleaved coding multilevel coding perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) Reed-Solomon (RS) codes soft-output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA)

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multilevel LDPC Lattices With Efficient Encoding and Decoding and a Generalization of Construction D′

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY 2019年第5期65卷 3246-3260页

作者： Branco da Silva, Paulo Ricardo Silva, Danilo Univ Fed Santa Catarina Dept Elect & Elect Engn BR-88040900 Florianopolis SC Brazil

Lattice codes are elegant and powerful structures that not only achieve the capacity of the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel but are also a key ingredient to many multiterminal schemes that exploit linearity properties. However, constructing lattice codes that can realize these benefits with low complexity is still a challenging problem. In this paper, efficient encoding and decoding algorithms are proposed for multilevel binary low-density parity-check (LDPC) lattices constructed via Construction D' whose complexity is linear in the total number of coded bits. Moreover, a generalization of Construction D' is proposed, which relaxes some of the nesting constraints on the parity-check matrices of the component codes, leading to a simpler and improved design. Based on this construction, low-complexity multilevel LDPC lattices are designed whose performance under multistage decoding is comparable to that of polar lattices and close to that of low-density lattice codes on the power-unconstrained AWGN channel.

关键词： Lattice codes lattices multilevel coding multi-stage decoding nested low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes

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Performance-Complexity Tradeoffs of Concatenated FEC for Higher-Order Modulation

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JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY 2020年第11期38卷 2944-2953页

作者： Barakatain, Masoud Lentner, Diego Boecherer, Georg Kschischang, Frank R. Univ Toronto Edward S Rogers Sr Dept Elect & Comp Engn Toronto ON M5S 3G4 Canada Tech Univ Munich Inst Commun Engn D-80333 Munich Germany Huawei France Opt Commun Technol Lab F-75016 Paris France

multilevel coding (MLC) is compared with bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) from a performance-versus-complexity standpoint. In both approaches, complexity-optimized error-reducing low-density parity-check inner codes are designed for concatenation with an outer hard-decision code, for various modulation orders. The codes are designed to achieve various points on the Pareto frontier characterizing the performance-complexity tradeoff. Computer simulations of the resulting codes reveal that MLC not only provides significant advantages compared with BICM, but also outperforms several existing MLC and BICM proposals. At 25% overhead, MLC provides a net coding gain of up to 12.8 dB with 16-QAM (1.0 dB from the constrained Shannon limit), a net coding gain of up to 13.6 dB with 64-QAM (1.2 dB from the constrained Shannon limit), and a net coding gain of up to 14 dB with 256-QAM (1.65 dB from the constrained Shannon limit), all with reasonable decoding complexity.

关键词： Bit-interleaved coded modulation concatenated coding multilevel coding performance-complexity tradeoffs

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multilevel turbo coded-continuous phase frequency shift keying (MLTC-CPFSK)

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COMPUTERS & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 2009年第3期35卷 441-449页

作者： Odabasioglu, Niyazi Ucan, Osman N. Istanbul Univ Fac Engn Dept Elect & Elect Engn TR-34320 Istanbul Turkey

In this paper, we introduce a Turbo coded modulation scheme, called multilevel turbo coded-continuous phase frequency shift keying (MLTC-CPFSK). The underlying basis of multilevel coding is to partition a signal set into several levels and to encode separately each level through the respective layer of the encoder. In MLTC-CPFSK, to provide phase continuity of the signals, turbo encoder and continuous phase encoder (CPE) are serially concatenated at the last level, while all other levels consist of only a turbo encoder. Therefore, the proposed system contains multiple turbo encoder/decoder blocks in its architecture. The parallel input data sequences are encoded by our multilevel scheme and mapped to CPFSK signals. Then, for the purpose of performance analysis, these modulated signals are passed through AWGN and fading channels. At the receiver side, the input sequence of the first level is estimated by the first turbo decoder block. Subsequently, the other input sequences of other levels are computed using the estimated input bit streams of the respective previous levels. Simulation results are drawn for 4-ary CPFSK two level and 8-ary CPFSK three level turbo codes over AWGN, Rician, and Rayleigh channels for three iterations while frame sizes are chosen as 100 and 1024. It is concluded that satisfactory performance is achieved in MLTC-CPFSK systems for all SNR values in various fading environments. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Continuous phase frequency shift keying multilevel coding Turbo codes

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multilevel codes: Theoretical concepts and practical design rules

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY 1999年第5期45卷 1361-1391页

作者： Wachsmann, U Fischer, RFH Huber, JB Ericsson Eurolab GMBH D-90411 Nurnberg Germany Univ Erlangen Nurnberg Lehrstuhl Nachrichtentech 2 D-91058 Erlangen Germany

This paper deals with 2(l)-ary transmission using multilevel coding (MLC) and multistage decoding (MSD), The known result that MLC and MSD suffice to approach capacity if the rates at each level are appropriately chosen is reviewed. Using multiuser information theory, it is shown that there is a large space of rate combinations such that MLC and full maximum-likelihood decoding (MLD) can approach capacity. It is noted that multilevel codes designed according to the traditional balanced distance rule tend to fall in the latter category and, therefore, require the huge complexity of MLD, The capacity rule, the balanced distances rules, and two other rules based on the random coding exponent and cutoff rate are compared and contrasted for practical design. Simulation results using multilevel binary turbo codes show that capacity can in fact be closely approached at high bandwidth efficiencies. Moreover, topics relevant in practical applications such as signal set labeling, dimensionality of the constituent constellation, and hard-decision decoding are emphasized. Bit interleaved coded modulation, recently proposed by Caire et al. is reviewed in the context of MLC, Finally, the combination of signal shaping and coding is discussed, Significant shaping gains are achievable in practice only if these design rules are taken into account.

关键词： bit-interleaved coded modulation channel capacity dimensionality hard decision multilevel coding multistage decoding set partitioning signal shaping trellis-coded modulation

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Iterative joint-over-antenna detection and WNRA decoding in single-carrier multiuser MIMO systems

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2007年第2期56卷 742-755页

作者： Yen, Kai Veselinovic, Nenad Kansanen, Kimmo Matsumoto, Tadashi Inst Infocomm Res Singapore 119613 Singapore Elektrobit Ltd Kaunianinen Finland Univ Oulu Oulu 90014 Finland

In this paper, we propose a combined iterative detection and decoding technique that is capable of achieving the maximum diversity of order N-T x L x N-R over single-carrier multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channels, where NT and NR denote the number of transmit and receive antennas, respectively, and L is the number of multipath components. The so-called spacetime weighted-nonbinary-repeat-accumulate (ST-WNRA) codes are considered in our paper due to their ability to provide a full transmit antenna diversity and their relatively simple encoding and decoding algorithms. Multipath diversity is obtained using a joint-over-antenna turbo-equalization technique based on the minimum-mean-square-error filtering with soft interference cancellation. Computer simulations demonstrate that our proposed turbo-equalized system with ST-WNRA codes is capable of achieving the maximum diversity order with a relatively short codeword length and that the multiuser performance approaches the single-user bound so far as the number of users is smaller than or equal to the number of receive antennas in multiuser MIMO setups. We will also show that by modifying our proposed scheme to an equivalent multilevel coded system, higher bandwidth efficiency can be achieved at the expense of a performance loss while the system still retains the maximum diversity benefit.

关键词： iterative decoding multilevel coding multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems repeat-accumulate codes turbo equalization

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multilevel spatial modulation

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JOURNAL OF THE CHINESE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERS 2016年第6期39卷 713-721页

作者： Kavitha, K. Mangalam, H. Kumaraguru Coll Technol Dept Elect & Commun Engn Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India Sri Krishna Coll Engn & Technol Dept Elect & Commun Engn Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India

In this paper, a new multilevel Spatial Modulation technique is proposed. It combines computationally efficient multilevel oding and spatial modulation based on trellis codes to increase coding gain, diversity gain, and bandwidth efficiency. The trellis complexity of the single-stage system increases exponentially, whereas in the proposed multilevel system the complexity increases linearly. The proposed system is analyzed with optimal Viterbi and suboptimal sequential decoding algorithms. The results show that sequential decoding saves 75% of the computational power with a loss of 2dB SNR approximately, when compared with optimal Viterbi decoding, over both fast- and slow-fading channel conditions. Since the antenna index is used as a source of information in spatial modulation, the number of antennae required increases with the throughput and packing a large number of antennas make cross-correlation unavoidable. In this paper, a low complexity modified decoding technique is also proposed for the multilevel spatial modulation system, in which the correlated received signals are equally combined and decoded by the multistage decoder using the Viterbi algorithm. This technique exploits the receiver antenna correlation and makes the decoding complexity independent of number of antennas. The simulation results indicate that the proposed low complexity algorithm gives approximately 8-10dB gain when compared with optimal Viterbi decoder with equivalent computational complexity when the eight highly correlated signals are equally combined. This may be a suitable solution for mobile handsets where size and computational complexity are the major issues.

关键词： Spatial modulation multilevel coding correlated channel low complex decoding MIMO

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Iterative Viterbi decoding, trellis shaping, and multilevel structure for high-rate parity-concatenated TCM

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2002年第1期50卷 48-55页

作者： Wang, Q Wei, L Kennedy, RA Australian Natl Univ FEIT Dept Engn Canberra ACT Australia Australian Natl Univ Res Sch Informat Sci & Engn Dept Telecommun Engn Canberra ACT 0200 Australia

We define and apply a new algorithm called the iterative Viterbi decoding algorithm (IVA) to decode a high-rate parity-concatenated TCM system in which a trellis code is used as they-check code is used as the outer code. inner code and a simple parity With trellis shaping, the IVA can achieve a performance 1.25 dB away from the Shannon limit at a BER of 3 x 10(-5) with low complexity. By augmenting the system with a binary BCH code, the error floor can be reduced to 10(-9) with very little additional cost.

关键词： iterative decoding multilevel coding serial concatenated coding trellis shaping trellis-coded modulation viterbi algorithm

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Broadcast Coded Modulation: multilevel and Bit-Interleaved Construction

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2017年第3期65卷 969-980页

作者： Abotabl, Ahmed Attia Nosratinia, Aria Univ Texas Dallas Dept Elect Engn Richardson TX 75083 USA Wireless Intelligent Networks Ctr Cairo Egypt

The capacity of the AWGN broadcast channel is achieved by superposition coding, but the superposition of individual coded modulations expands the modulation alphabet and distorts its configuration. Hierarchical modulations, which appear in the literature mostly in the context of unequal error protection, can approach only a few isolated points on the boundary of the broadcast capacity region. This paper studies multilevel coding (MLC) for constellation- constrained broadcast-coded modulation. The conditions under which multilevel codes can achieve the constellation- constrained capacity of the AWGN broadcast channel are derived. We propose a pragmatic multilevel design technique with near-constellation-constrained-capacity performance where the coupling of the superposition inner and outer codes is localized to each bit-level. It is shown that this can be further relaxed to a code coupling on only one bit-level, with a little or no penalty under natural labeling. The rate allocation problem between the bit levels of the two users is studied and a pragmatic method is proposed, again with near-capacity performance. In further pursuit of lower complexity, a hybrid MLC-bit-interleaved-coded modulation is proposed, whose performance is shown to be very close to the boundary of the constellation- constrained capacity region. Simulation results show that good point-to-point LDPC codes produce excellent performance in the proposed coded modulation framework.

关键词： Coded modulation multilevel coding broadcast channel BICM

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