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multilevel modeling in food science: A case study on heat-induced ascorbic acid degradation kinetics

FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022年第0期158卷 111565页

作者： van Boekel, M. A. J. S. Roux, S. Wageningen Univ & Res Food Qual & Design Grp Wageningen Netherlands Univ Paris Saclay INRAE AgroParisTech UMR SayFood F-91300 Massy France Wageningen Univ & Res Food Qual & Design Grp POB 17 NL-6700 AA Wageningen Netherlands

Characterization of variation of experimental results is achieved by repeating experiments. Frequently, results are averaged before data are analysed but that may not be the best practice because valuable information is then lost. Three other ways to analyze repetitions are: (1) each experiment is analyzed on its own (no pooling of data), (2) all experiments are analyzed together in one go (complete pooling), (3) data are analyzed together while allowing for similarities as well as differences in the result (partial pooling). multilevel modeling uses partial pooling by partitioning variance over more than one level. Level 1 consists of the measurements themselves;higher levels consist of groups or clusters of measurements (repetitions, experiments at various temperatures, at various pH values, etc.) and parameters are analyzed both at the population and at the group/cluster *** approach is applied to a case study in which heat-induced isothermal degradation of ascorbic acid was studied with 15 repetitions in an aqueous solution, making it a two-level study. The data were analyzed using averaging and complete pooling, complete pooling without averaging, no-pooling at all, and partial pooling. The kinetic model was established by letting the data decide about the order of the reaction, while this was compared to a model where the order was fixed at 1 (first-order model). Results show that both averaging with complete pooling, as well as complete pooling without averaging, strongly underestimate variation. The no-pooling technique overestimates variation, while partial pooling partitions variation over the levels and thus gives a better impression of the variation involved. The kinetics of ascorbic acid appear to be subject to strong variation when each experiment is considered separately because it is a compound that is very sensitive to all kinds of experimental conditions. With multilevel modeling it appeared to be possible to characterize the uncertainties in

关键词： Bayesian regression Kinetics Reaction order Heating multilevel modeling Ascorbic acid Prediction Data pooling

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Determinants of given anything other than breast milk for neonates in Ethiopia: a multilevel modeling complex sample survey data analysis

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BMC PEDIATRICS 2025年第1期25卷 1-7页

作者： Tibebu, Nigusie Selomon Emiru, Tigabu Desie Tiruneh, Chalie Marew Mokonnen, Gebrehiwot Berie Tilaye, Birara Aychew Bazezew, Lakachew Yismaw Getu, Bisrat Dessie Abate, Moges Wubneh Nigat, Adane Birhanu Legas, Getasew Walle, Belete Gelaw Feleke, Mulualem Gete Birrie, Endalk Debre Tabor Univ Coll Hlth Sci Dept Pediat & Child Hlth Nursing POB 272 Debre Tabor Ethiopia Debre Tabor Hlth Sci Coll Dept Nursing Debre Tabor Ethiopia Debre Tabor Univ Coll Hlth Sci Dept Adult Hlth Nursing Debre Tabor Ethiopia Debre Tabor Univ Coll Hlth Sci Dept Psychiat Debre Tabor Ethiopia Wolaita Sodo Univ Coll Hlth Sci & Med Dept Pediat & Child Hlth Nursing Soddo Ethiopia Wolaita Sodo Univ Coll Hlth Sci & Med Dept Adult Hlth Nursing Soddo Ethiopia Wollo Univ Coll Med & Hlth Sci Dept Pediat & Child Hlth Nursing Dessie Ethiopia

Background Giving any things other than breast milk during the first 3 days after birth is a prelacteal feeding. Thus, providing anything other than breast milk to newborns has an impact on the prompt initiation and exclusive breastfeeding but a major issue in the developing countries. Therefore, the aimed to assess the determinants both individual and community level factors of given anything other than breast milk for neonates in Ethiopia. Methods This study was a multilevel population-based cross-sectional conducted with total of weighted sample of 24,252 participants. The Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2019 data were the source of secondary data analysis used in the study. The data was hierarchical;therefore we performed a multilevel analysis. In the multivariable analysis, variables with p-value < 0.05 were deemed substantially correlated with given anything other than breast milk for neonates. Results In this study, respondents with Catholic religion followers [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.05;95%CI: 0.12, 0.28] timely initiation of breast feeding [AOR = 4.44;95%CI: 2.91, 6.74], Cesarean delivery usage [AOR = 3.94;95%CI: 2.13, 7.13], and being in communities with pastoralist region [AOR = 6.39;95%CI: 3.03, 11.62] were significant predictors of given anything other than breast milk for neonates. Conclusion This study found that giving anything other than breast milk to newborns was associated with both individual and community level characteristics, particularly among members of the Catholic Church, prompt commencement of breastfeeding, use of cesarean section delivery, and contextual region categories. Therefore, improving maternal health and early breastfeeding services should be strengthen. Furthermore, it is preferable to fairly distribute maternal services among regions and to focus on people living in pastoralist regions.

关键词： Breast milk Ethiopia multilevel modeling Neonates

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Individual and community level factors of safe child feces disposal among youngest children in East Africa: a multilevel modeling analysis using recent national demography and health survey data

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ARCHIVES OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2024年第1期82卷 1-12页

作者： Terefe, Bewuketu Assimamaw, Nega Tezera Chekole, Bogale Univ Gondar Coll Med & Hlth Sci Sch Nursing Dept Community Hlth Nursing Gondar Ethiopia Univ Gondar Coll Med & Hlth Sci Sch Nursing Dept Pediat & Child Hlth Gondar Ethiopia Wolkite Univ Coll Med & Hlth Sci Dept Comprehens Nursing Welkite Ethiopia

Background The Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) for water supply and sanitation developed by the WHO and UNICEF defines safe child feces disposal practices as either burial or defecation into a toilet. Children become exposed to fecal-oral illnesses when their stools are not disposed of appropriately, and this vulnerability persists until all children's stools are properly disposed of. Data on the elements influencing child feces disposal in East Africa is scarce. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of safe child feces disposal in East Africa. Methods Data from the Demographic and Health Surveys, which were collected between 2015 and 2022 in 10 East African nations, were used in this analysis. For a weighted 44,821 children under the age of two, we examined additional features as well as how child feces were disposed of. Both bivariable and multivariable multilevel logistic regression were carried out to choose potential components and identify important explanatory variables connected to the outcome variable. With 95% confidence intervals, adjusted odd ratios (AORs) were used to present the results. P values of <= 0.2 and < 0.05 were used to investigate significant factors in the binary and multivariable multilevel logistic regression models respectively. Results Approximately 65.54% (95% CI: 65.10, 65.98) of children's waste was disposed of properly. Women age from 35 to 49 years (AOR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05-1.19) 15-24 years old, primary (AOR = 1.62, 95% CI, 1.53,1.72), and secondary/higher education (AOR = 1.22, 95% CI, 1.14,1.31), women from highly educated community (AOR = 1.33, 95% CI, 1.22,1.46), employed (AOR = 1.29, 95% CI, 1.24,1.35), poorer(AOR = 1.51,95% CI, 1.42,1.61), middle(AOR = 1.67, 95% CI, 1.56,1.78), richer(AOR = 1.96,95% CI, 1.82,2.11), and richest(AOR = 2.08, 95% CI, 1.91,2.27), mass media exposure (AOR = 1.37,95% CI,1.31,1.44), community level mass media exposure (AOR = 1.23, 95% CI, 1.34,1.34), had ANC visit(AO

关键词： Factors Child feces disposal Youngest children East Africa multilevel modeling

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Examining differential item functioning in self-reported health survey data: via multilevel modeling

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QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH 2025年第6期34卷 1569-1577页

作者： Kaptur, Dandan Chen Liu, Yiqing Kaptur, Bradley Peterman, Nicholas Zhang, Jinming Kern, Justin L. Anderson, Carolyn Pearson Bloomington MN 55437 USA Stanford Univ Stanford CA USA HSHS St Johns Hosp Springfield IL USA Carle Illinois Coll Med Urbana IL USA Univ Illinois Champaign IL USA

Few health-related constructs or measures have received a critical evaluation in terms of measurement equivalence, such as self-reported health survey data. Differential item functioning (DIF) analysis is crucial for evaluating measurement equivalence in self-reported health surveys, which are often hierarchical in structure. Traditional single-level DIF methods in this case fall short, making multilevel models a better alternative. We highlight the benefits of multilevel modeling for DIF analysis, when applying a health survey data set to multilevel binary logistic regression (for analyzing binary response data) and multilevel multinominal logistic regression (for analyzing polytomous response data), and comparing them with their single-level counterparts. Our findings show that multilevel models fit better and explain more variance than single-level models. This article is expected to raise awareness of multilevel modeling and help healthcare researchers and practitioners understand the use of multilevel modeling for DIF analysis.

关键词： Differential item functioning Measurement equivalence multilevel modeling Health disparity Population density Depression

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Validation of Ecological Momentary Assessment With Reference to Accelerometer Data: Repeated-Measures Panel Study With multilevel modeling

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JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH 2025年 27卷 e59878页

作者： Noh, Jung Min Im, SongHyun Park, Jooyong Kim, Jae Myung Lee, Miyoung Choi, Ji-Yeob Seoul Natl Univ Dept Biomed Sci 103 Daehak Ro Seoul 03080 South Korea Eulji Univ Dept Big Data Med Convergence Seongnam South Korea Oregon State Univ Sch Exercise Sport & Hlth Sci Corvallis OR USA Kookmin Univ Coll Phys Educ & Sport Sci Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Canc Res Inst Seoul South Korea

Background:There is growing interest in the real-time assessment of physical activity (PA) and physiological variables. Acceleration, particularly those collected through wearable sensors, has been increasingly adopted as an objective measure of physical activity. However, sensor-based measures often pose challenges for large-scale studies due to their associated costs, inability to capture contextual information, and restricted user populations. Smartphone-delivered ecological momentary assessment (EMA) offers an unobtrusive and undemanding means to measure PA to address these limitations. Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the usability of EMA by comparing its measurement outcomes with 2 self-report assessments of PA: Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and a modified version of Bouchard Physical Activity Record (BAR). Methods:A total of 235 participants (137 female, 98 male, and 94 repeated) participated in one or more 7-day studies. Waist-worn sensors provided by ActiGraph captured accelerometer data while participants completed 3 self-report measures of PA. The multilevel modeling method was used with EMA, GPAQ, and BAR as separate measures, with 6 subdomains of physiological activity (overall PA, overall excluding occupational, transport, exercise, occupational, and sedentary) to model accelerometer data. In addition, EMA and GPAQ were further compared with 6 domains of PA from the BAR as outcome measures. Results:Among the 3 self-reporting instruments, EMA and BAR exhibited better overall performance in modeling the accelerometer data compared to GPAQ (eg EMA daily: beta=.387, P<.001;BAR daily: beta=.394, P<.001;GPAQ: beta=.281, P<.001, based on repeated-only participants with step counts from accelerometer as dependent variables). Conclusions:multilevel modeling on 3 self-report assessments of PA indicates that smartphone-delivered EMA is a valid and efficient method for assessing PA.

关键词： telemedicine wearable electronic devices physical activity mobile phone wearables smartphones ecological momentary assessment EMA global physical activity questionnaire GPAQ Bouchard's physical activity multilevel modeling females women males men sensors evaluation comparative South Korea

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A review of multilevel modeling and simulation for human mobility and behavior

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SIMULATION MODELLING PRACTICE AND THEORY 2023年第1期127卷

作者： Serena, Luca Marzolla, Moreno D'Angelo, Gabriele Ferretti, Stefano Univ Bologna Dept Comp Sci & Engn Bologna Italy Univ Bologna Ctr Interdept Ind Res ICT Dept Comp Sci & Engn Bologna Italy Univ Urbino Carlo Bo Dept Pure & Appl Sci Urbino Italy

multilevel modeling and simulation is a general technique that has many applications in such diverse fields as chemistry, biology, engineering, social sciences and economics. Within these application domains, the study of human mobility and behavior is particularly relevant. Indeed, human mobility is at the basis of important cross-disciplinary research in epidemic modeling, traffic simulation, city planning, and socio-economic studies. Unfortunately, multilevel modeling is mostly used on an "ad hoc"basis due to the lack of consistent terminology and agreed-upon mechanisms. In this paper we perform a systematic literature review of multilevel simulation applied to human mobility and behavior, to identify research trends and contribute towards a better understanding of techniques, methodologies and terminology used within this research area. At the end of our analysis we uncover some recurrent modeling and simulation patterns that appear frequently within specific research areas, and we classify these methodological patterns along several dimensions such as modeling type and level of detail.

关键词： modeling and simulation multilevel modeling Multiscale modeling Multilayer modeling Human mobility Human behavior

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Relationship between Neighborhood-Level Social Risk Factor Measures and Presenting Glaucoma Severity Utilizing multilevel modeling

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OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2025年第1期5卷 100598-100598页

作者： Hicks, Patrice M. Lu, Ming-Chen Woodward, Maria A. Niziol, Leslie M. Darnley-Fisch, Deborah Heisler, Michele Resnicow, Kenneth Musch, David C. Mitchell, Jamie Mehdipanah, Roshanak Imami, Nauman R. Newman-Casey, Paula Anne Univ Michigan Sch Med Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci Ann Arbor MI USA Univ Michigan Inst Healthcare Policy & Innovat Ann Arbor MI USA Henry Ford Hlth Syst Dept Ophthalmol Detroit MI USA Univ Michigan Sch Med Dept Internal Med Ann Arbor MI USA Univ Michigan Sch Publ Hlth Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ Ann Arbor MI USA Univ Michigan Sch Publ Hlth Dept Epidemiol Ann Arbor MI USA Univ Michigan Sch Social Work Ann Arbor MI USA

Purpose The neighborhood and built environment social determinant of health domain has several social risk factors (SRFs) that are modifiable through policy efforts. We investigated the impact of neighborhood-level SRFs on presenting glaucoma severity at a tertiary eye care center. Design A cross-sectional study from August 2012 to May 2022 in the University of Michigan electronic health record (EHR). Participants Patients with a diagnosis of any open-angle glaucoma with >= 1 eye care visit at the University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center and >= 1 reliable visual field (VF). Methods Participants who met inclusion criteria were identified by International Classification of Diseases ninth and tenth revision codes (365.x/H40.x). Data extracted from the EHR included patient demographics, address, presenting mean deviation (MD), and VF reliability. Addresses were mapped to SRF measures at the census tract, block group, and county levels. multilevel linear regression models were used to estimate the fixed effects of each SRF on MD, after adjusting for patient-level demographic factors and a random effect for neighborhood. Interactions between each SRF measure with patient-level race and Medicaid status were tested for an additive effect on MD. Main Outcome Measures The main outcome measure was the effect of SRF on presenting MD. Results In total, 4428 patients were included in the analysis who were, on average, 70.3 years old (standard deviation = 11.9), 52.6% self-identified as female, 75.8% self-identified as White race, and 8.9% had Medicaid. The median value of presenting MD was -4.94 decibels (dB) (interquartile range = -11.45 to -2.07 dB). Neighborhood differences accounted for 4.4% of the variability in presenting MD. Neighborhood-level measures, including worse area deprivation (estimate, beta = -0.31 per 1-unit increase;P < 0.001), increased segregation (beta = -0.92 per 0.1-unit increase in Theil's H index;P < 0.001), and increased neighborhood Medicaid (beta =

关键词： Glaucoma multilevel modeling Neighborhood and built environment Social determinants of health Social risk factors

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Social Vulnerabilities and Spatial Access to Primary Healthcare through Car and Public Transportation System in the Albuquerque, NM, Metropolitan Area: Assessing Disparities through GIS and multilevel modeling

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JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE 2023年第1期100卷 88-102页

作者： Lardier, David T. T. Blackwell, Meredith A. A. Beene, Daniel Lin, Yan Univ New Mexico Hlth Sci Ctr Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci Div Community Behav HlthSch Med Albuquerque NM 87131 USA Univ New Mexico Dept Psychol Albuquerque NM 87131 USA Univ New Mexico Dept Geog & Environm Studies Albuquerque NM 87131 USA

Primary healthcare (PHC) is a keystone component of population health. However, inequities in public transportation access hinder equitable usage of PHC services by minoritized populations. Using the multimodal enhanced 2-step floating catchment area method and data in 2018 and 2019 for spatial access to PHC providers (n = 1166) and social vulnerability markers through census block (n = 543) and tract data (n = 226), a generalized linear mixed-effect model (GLMEM) was constructed to test the effects of sociodemographic and community area correlates on both car and bus transit spatial access to PHC in the Albuquerque, New Mexico (NM) metropolitan area. Results for bus spatial access to PHC showed lower access for Hispanics (B = - 0.097 +/- 0.029 [- 0.154, - 0.040]) and non-Hispanic Whites (B = - 0.106 +/- 0.032 [- 0.169, - 0.043]) and a positive association between single-family households and bus spatial access (B = 1.573 +/- 0.349 [0.866, 2.261]). Greater disability vulnerability (B = - 0.569 +/- 0.173 [- 0.919, - 0.259]) and language vulnerability (B = - 0.569 +/- 0.173 [- 0.919, - 0.259]) were associated with decreased bus spatial access. For car spatial access to PHC, greater SES vulnerability (B = - 0.338 +/- 0.021 [- 1.568, -0.143]), disability (B = - 0.721 +/- .092 [- 0.862, - 0.50 9]), and language vulnerability (B = - 0.686 +/- 0.172 [- 1.044, - 0.362]) were associated with less car spatial access. Results indicate a disproportionate burden of low PHC access among disadvantaged population groups who rely heavily on public transportation. These results necessitate targeted interventions to reduce these disparities in access to PHC.

关键词： Primary healthcare Healthcare inequality Spatial access multilevel modeling

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Beyond Jacobson and Truax: Estimation of Clinical Significance Trajectories in the Coping Power Intervention Using Measurement Error-Corrected multilevel modeling

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BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2025年第3期56卷 513-528页

作者： Morgan-Lopez, Antonio A. Saavedra, Lissette M. McDaniel, Heather L. West, Stephen G. Ialongo, Nicholas S. Bradshaw, Catherine P. Tonigan, Alexandra T. Montgomery, Barrett W. Powell, Nicole P. Qu, Lixin Yaros, Anna C. Lochman, John E. RTI Int Res Triangle Pk NC 27709 USA Univ Virginia Charlottesville VA USA Arizona State Univ Tempe AZ USA Free Univ Berlin Berlin Germany Johns Hopkins Univ Baltimore MD USA Univ New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA Univ Alabama Tuscaloosa AL USA

Coping Power (CP) is a preventive intervention that focuses on reducing child externalizing problems. Although it is typically delivered in a group format (GCP), individually delivered CP (ICP) has produced greater mean reductions in externalizing problems. However, standard analysis of randomized trials loses individual-level information regarding which youth improve, fail to improve, or get worse, whereas clinically significant change (CSC) metrics capture information on individual change. The present study is a secondary analysis of an ICP/GCP trial (N = 360) that examines differences in CSC-based individual-level inferences on externalizing. A novel method for assessing CSC under measurement error-corrected multilevel modeling was used, overcoming three limitations of traditional CSC methods: (a) restriction to two time points, (b) use of total scores, and (c) assumption of constant reliability across time and participants. Because of concerns about Type II errors with all CSC methods, an individual-level effect size metric for CSC was also developed. Based on individualized Cohen's d estimates, individual-level improvements in externalizing from 4th through 11th grades of d > 0.5 were significantly greater in ICP (73%) versus GCP (45%). Further, GCP saw significantly higher percentages of youth with worsening of externalizing, underscoring concerns about diminished effects for GCP. Half of the sample had improvement that was not statistically significant but exceeded d > 0.5, highlighting the susceptibility to Type II errors of CSC's results based on statistical significance. An examination of ICP/ GCP differences under advanced CSC analysis gives more nuanced information than conventional randomized controlled trial analysis and greater precision in estimating individual-level outcomes than standard CSC methodologies.

关键词： Conduct problems Clinical significance multilevel modeling Item response theory

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Influence of Daily Coping on Psychological Stress: A multilevel modeling Approach

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JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2024年第7期29卷 844-859页

作者： Shigemoto, Yuki White, April Prairie View A&M Univ Dept Psychol POB 519MS 2600 Prairie View TX 77446 USA

The current study examined the association between approach and avoidance coping strategies and psychological stress during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Participants were 62 adults who were recruited from Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Data collection lasted for 29 d in May 2020. multilevel modeling revealed no significant association between approach coping strategies and psychological stress among individuals, and engaging in approach coping more than the usual days was also not associated with lower stress. Regarding avoidance coping strategies, they were positively associated with psychological stress among individuals, and when individuals engaged in avoidance coping more than usual, those individuals were more likely to experience psychological stress. Interestingly, the strength of the association between approach coping strategies and psychological stress was dependent on the levels of psychological stress, where the strength became weaker as the level of stress increased. Similarly, the strength of the association between avoidance coping and stress was also dependent on stress at the beginning of the study, where the strength of the association became stronger as the level of stress increased. Current results raise the importance of being mindful of an individual's psychological stress as the effectiveness of coping strategies may differ based on one's level of stress.

关键词： COVID-19 approach coping avoidance coping psychological stress multilevel modeling

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