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Grounding system cost reduction using multi-objective optimisation method

IET SCIENCE MEASUREMENT & TECHNOLOGY 2020年第10期14卷 893-900页

作者： Aboura, Faouzi Touhami, Omar Ecole Natl Polytech Lab Rech Electrotech LRE El Harrach 16200 Algeria Univ Sci & Technol Houari Boumediene Lab Syst Elect & Ind LSEI Bab Ezzouar 16123 Algeria

Grounding grid is an important process in design substation and power plant that makes a safe and reliable power system. It is therefore necessary to optimise the design of the grounding network, and to seek to minimise costs. To this effect, this study deals with a new method based on multi-objective particle swarm optimisation (MOPSO) to find optimum grounding grid design for a new 220 kV power plant with substation based in Adrar (south of Algeria). First, the authors present a contribution of a generalisation of methods using one objective function or cost function of the grounding grid with constraints of the grounding resistance like the step voltage and touch voltage and ground potential rise, accordingly to IEEE Std.80.2013. The main advantage of the proposed method is the simultaneous location of all optimal solutions on only one analysis. The problem is while transformed to multi-objective problem, and the evolutionary algorithms proved to be particularly effective in solving this type of problem. In this study, the authors present also a new objective functions or cost functions that are developed to distinguish between the construction and the electrical cost functions. The four objective functions obtained are minimised by MOPSO to determine the optimal solutions.

关键词： substation protection particle swarm optimisation evolutionary computation cost reduction Pareto optimisation IEEE standards power grids earthing system cost reduction multiobjective optimisation method safe power system reliable power system grounding network multiobjective particle swarm optimisation MOPSO optimum grounding grid design objective function grounding resistance step voltage touch voltage ground potential rise optimal solutions multiobjective problem objective functions electrical cost functions voltage 220 0 kV

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Optimal design and control of a new permanent magnet AC contactor with forced breaking mechanism

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IET ELECTRIC POWER APPLICATIONS 2020年第2期14卷 157-164页

作者： Shu, Liang Zhao, Sheng Wu, Ziran Chen, Wei Dapino, Marcelo J. Wenzhou Univ Key Lab Low Voltage Apparat Intellectual Technol Xueyuan Middle Rd 276 Wenzhou 325027 Peoples R China Ohio State Univ Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn Columbus OH 43210 USA

This study addresses the design of a new type of permanent magnet contactor, which uses forced breaking to overcome failure conditions. A multi-objective optimisation method based on the genetic algorithm is used to design the contactor considering the effects of average closing time, average breaking time, impact energy, Joule heat and contactor volume. Four prototypes have been fabricated according to the optimised parameters. A control circuit is developed to increase breaking reliability. The circuit is designed as two separate modules: a normal working module and a protection module. The former is used during the normal contactor operation and the latter is used for forced breaking protection. Breaking failures are detected by comparing the time delay between the breaking control voltage and the auxiliary contact voltage. A durability experiment has been conducted to verify the protection function of the proposed PM contactor. Experimental results show that the normal working module fails to break the contactor in the last testing cycle. However, under the actuation of the protection mechanism, the contactor is forced to break and the power circuit can be successfully switched off.

关键词： contactors durability electromagnetic actuators optimisation permanent magnets genetic algorithms optimal design permanent magnet AC contactor forced breaking mechanism permanent magnet contactor failure conditions multiobjective optimisation method average closing time average breaking time optimised parameters control circuit breaking reliability separate modules normal working module protection module normal contactor operation forced breaking protection breaking failures time delay breaking control voltage PM contactor protection mechanism

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Multi-objective optimisation method for coordinating battery storage systems, photovoltaic inverters and tap changers

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IET RENEWABLE POWER GENERATION 2020年第3期14卷 475-483页

作者： Hashemipour, N. Aghaei, Jamshid Lotfi, Mohamed Niknam, Taher Askarpour, Mohammad Shafie-khah, Miadreza Catalao, Joao P. S. Shiraz Univ Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Shiraz Iran Univ Porto Fac Engn P-4200465 Porto Portugal INESC TEC P-4200465 Porto Portugal Univ Vaasa Sch Technol & Innovat Vaasa 65200 Finland

The many well-established advantages of distributed generation (DG) make their usage in active distribution networks prevalent. However, uncontrolled operation of DG units can negatively interfere with the performance of other equipment, such as tap-changers, in addition to resulting in sub-optimal usage of their potential. Thus, adequate scheduling/control of DG units is critical for operators of the distribution system to avoid those adverse effects. A linearised model of a multi-objective method for coordinating the operation of photovoltaics, battery storage systems, and tap-changers is proposed. Three objective functions are defined for simultaneously enhancing voltage profile, minimising power losses, and reducing peak load power. The formulated multi-objective problem is solved by means of the epsilon-constraint technique. A novel decision-making methodology is offered to find the Pareto optimality and select the preferred solution. To assess to proposed model's performance, it is tested using 33-bus IEEE test system. Consequently, tap-changers suffer lessened stress, the batteries state-of-charge is kept within adequate limits, and the DG units operation is at higher efficiency. The obtained results verify the effectiveness of this approach.

关键词： optimisation distributed power generation distribution networks Pareto optimisation decision making multiobjective optimisation method battery storage systems photovoltaic inverters tap changers well-established advantages distributed generation active distribution networks uncontrolled operation tap-changers sub-optimal usage distribution system multiobjective method objective functions peak load power formulated multiobjective problem 33-bus IEEE test system batteries state-of-charge DG units operation

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Design and optimisation of an In-wheel switched reluctance motor for electric vehicles

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IET INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS 2019年第1期13卷 175-182页

作者： Zhu Yueying Yang Chuantian Yue Yuan Wei Weiyan Zhao Chengwen Tianjin Univ Sci & Technol Coll Mech Engn Tianjin Peoples R China Tianjin Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Tianjin Peoples R China Tianjin Key Lab Integrated Design & On Line Monit Tianjin Peoples R China

To improve the mechanical performance of the In-wheel switched reluctance motor (SRM) used in electric vehicles (EVs), structure design and geometrical multi-objective optimisation strategy for the In-wheel SRM were developed in this study. The design method for major parameters of the In-wheel SRM was presented by means of design specifications of the EVs. According to requirements of the EVs, four indicators of the SRM were defined to evaluate the development of the SRM and perform the optimisation. To simultaneously improve the static performance of the SRM, a novel multi-objective simultaneous optimisation function was proposed by using four weighted factors and considering sensitivity analysis of the design variables on indicators. A four-phase 16/20 In-wheel SRM with an outer rotor was designed and optimised based on the proposed multi-objective optimisation method. The influence of design variables on average torque, torque ripple, efficiency, and torque density was analysed based on a combination of finite element analysis and orthogonal experiment design method. The static and dynamic torque performances of the optimised SRM were evaluated and compared with those of the initial motor. The comparison results showed that the proposed multi-objective simultaneous optimisation strategy can greatly improve the static and dynamic torque performances of the SRM.

关键词： reluctance motors rotors torque optimisation electric vehicles sensitivity analysis electric vehicles mechanical performance structure design geometrical multiobjective optimisation strategy design specifications novel multiobjective simultaneous optimisation function weighted factors design variables multiobjective optimisation method orthogonal experiment design method optimised SRM multiobjective simultaneous optimisation strategy in-wheel switched reluctance motor EV sensitivity analysis dynamic torque performance in-wheel SRM static torque performance

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Optimal DG integration and network reconfiguration in microgrid system with realistic time varying load model using hybrid optimisation

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IET SMART GRID 2019年第2期2卷 192-202页

作者： Murty, Vallem Veera Venkata Satya Narayana Kumar, Ashwani NIT Kurukshetra Elect Dept Kurukshetra Haryana India

The potential availability of renewable energy sources is unquestionable and the government is setting steep targets for renewable energy usage. Renewable-based DGs, reduce dependence on fossil fuels, mitigate global climate change, ensure energy security, and reduce emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases. This study addresses microgrid system analysis with hybrid energy sources and reconfiguration simultaneously for efficient operation of the system. Microgrid zones are formulated categorically with the existing distribution system. In this study, wind, solar and small hydro-based DGs are considered. Uncertainties of renewable power generation and load are also taken care in the optimization problem. A multi-objective optimisation method proposed in this paper for optimal integration of renewable-based DGs and reconfiguration of the network to minimise power loss and maximise annual cost savings. Optimal location and sizes of DG units are determined using gravitational search algorithm and general algebraic modelling system respectively. Optimal reconfiguration of the microgrid system is obtained using genetic algorithm. Simulation results are obtained for the IEEE 33-bus system and compared with existing methods as available in the literature. Furthermore, this study has been carried out with a 24-hr time-varying distribution system. The simulation results show the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed technique.

关键词： distribution networks renewable energy sources distributed power generation genetic algorithms power generation economics power distribution economics power engineering computing DG units general algebraic modelling system optimal network reconfiguration IEEE 33-bus test system optimal DG integration hybrid optimisation renewable energy sources renewable energy usage renewable-based distribution generations fossil fuels energy security greenhouse gases microgrid system analysis hybrid energy sources microgrid zones small hydro-based DGs renewable power generation optimisation problem multiobjective optimisation method optimal integration renewable-based DGs power loss maximise annual cost savings global climate change mitigation distribution system solar-based DG realistic time varying load model hydro-based DG gravitational search algorithm algebraic modelling system time varying distribution system CO2

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Multi-objective optimisation method of power grid partitioning for wide-area backup protection

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2018年第3期12卷 696-703页

作者： Wang, Ziqi He, Jinghan Xu, Yin Crossley, Peter Zhang, Dahai Beijing Jiaotong Univ Power Syst Protect & Control Res Lab Shangyuancun 3 Beijing Peoples R China Univ Manchester Sch Elect & Elect Engn Manchester M13 9PL Lancs England

Rational partitioning method of power grid is the premise and foundation to implement wide-area backup protection with multi-source information. This study shows the universal structure of a wide-area backup protection system based on regional centralised decision-making mode, and presents a multi-objective optimisation method of power grid partitioning. Under the premise of reliable protection, a multi-objective function is built, comprehensively considering the communication performance, overlap rate, and the balance of regional workloads. To obtain the optimal result, the brain storm optimisation (BSO) algorithm is used in this study. The method is applied on IEEE 11-bus and 39-bus test systems and simulated data is used to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the optimisation method.

关键词： optimisation power system reliability power system protection IEEE 39-bus test systems IEEE 11-bus test systems BSO algorithm brain storm optimisation algorithm regional workload balance overlap rate communication performance protection reliability regional centralised decision-making mode wide-area backup protection system universal structure multisource information rational partitioning method power grid partitioning multiobjective optimisation method

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Balanced and unbalanced inverter strategies in battery storage systems for low-voltage grid support

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2015年第10期9卷 929-936页

作者： Geth, Frederik Tant, Jeroen Belmans, Ronnie Driesen, Johan Univ Leuven KU Leuven Dept Elect Engn ESAT ELECTA Leuven Belgium Energyville Genk Belgium

The design of battery storage systems includes technology choices for the batteries and for the inverter. The impact of the inverter design on the optimal design and operation of the storage system has not been analysed before. Therefore four inverter designs are compared with this research. The most basic inverter model assumes only symmetric active power exchange;the most advanced inverter model allows interphase active power transfer and reactive power control. A multi-objective optimisation method is used, to visualise the trade-offs between two technical objective functions for cycling control - voltage regulation and peak power reduction - for a given annual cost. The method is applied to a real-world scenario, based on an existing feeder in a residential part of a city in Flanders, Belgium. Internal losses and losses in the grid are quantified for the different designs. Modelling a battery storage system purely as a finite source/sink of active power in a low-voltage grid, strongly underestimates the potential because of the existing phase unbalance. Counteracting phase unbalance through an inter-phase power transfer capable inverter, even more so than adding reactive power control, improves the performance of battery storage systems.

关键词： invertors power grids voltage control optimisation battery storage plants unbalanced inverter strategies battery storage systems for low-voltage grid support inverter design symmetric active power exchange interphase active power transfer reactive power control multiobjective optimisation method cycling control voltage regulation peak power reduction low-voltage grid phase unbalance interphase power transfer capable inverter

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Design of a controller for rail eddy current brake system

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IET ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS IN TRANSPORTATION 2014年第2期4卷 38-44页

作者： Zamani, Ali Iran Univ Sci & Technol Sch Railway Engn Tehran Iran

A rail eddy current brake (ECB) controller is proposed to produce the optimum braking and attractive forces using the variation of the reference current according to the speed. To improve the operation of the ECB, an optimal design of the controller is carried out by means of finite element method. Kriging method is utilised to reduce the computational costs. Additionally, the genetic algorithm is used as a multiobjective optimisation method to find the optimum current references in different speeds.

关键词： control system synthesis eddy current braking finite element analysis genetic algorithms optimal control railways controller design rail eddy current brake system ECB controller optimum braking attractive forces reference current variation optimal design finite element method FEM Kriging method genetic algorithm multiobjective optimisation method optimum current references

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