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IEEE ACCESS 2020年 8卷 103576-103584页

作者： Xu, Hongjun Pillay, Narushan Univ KwaZulu Natal Sch Engn ZA-4041 Durban South Africa

The golden code is a full-rate full-diversity (FRFD) space-time block code (STBC). The conventional golden code takes four complex symbols and generates two pairs of golden codewords. Each pair of golden codewords contains two complex symbols. In this paper, a new type of golden code is proposed, where we extend the two complex symbols in each pair of golden codewords into multiple complex symbols. The scheme hereinafter referred to as the multiple complex symbol golden code (MCS-golden code) preserves the FRFD property but achieves a diversity order of compared to the conventional golden code, where is the number of receive antennas,, is an integer, and is the number of multiple complex symbols in the MCS-golden code system. An equivalent model of the MCS-golden code is constructed, then used to derive a closed-form bound on the average bit error probability (ABEP) for the MCS-golden code system. We further propose a low complexity detection scheme, sphere decoding with sorted detection subset (SD-SDS) for the MCS-golden code. Finally, we discuss the detection complexity for the proposed SD-SDS. Both simulation and theoretical results show that the MCS-golden code significantly improves error performance compared to the conventional golden code. For example, at an average bit error rate of , a four complex symbol golden code system with three receive antennas achieves approximately 2.5 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain compared to the conventional golden code.

关键词： complexity theory Maximum likelihood decoding Signal to noise ratio MIMO communication Gain Encoding Receiving antennas golden code golden codeword maximum likelihood detection multiple complex symbol golden code sphere decoding sphere decoding with sorted detection subset

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XSingle-Input multiple-Output K-complex symbol golden codeword Media-Based Modulation

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IEEE ACCESS 2023年 11卷 81828-81837页

作者： Pillay, Narushan Xu, Hongjun Univ KwaZulu Natal Sch Engn ZA-4041 Durban South Africa

The K-complex symbol golden codeword-based modulation (KCSGC) scheme for multipleinput multiple-output systems has been recently proposed in the literature and is capable of achieving a high diversity order by transmitting the same K complex symbols in each of K time slots. In this paper, we investigate improving the spectral efficiency of a single-input multiple-output (SIMO) configuration of the scheme (SIMO-KCSGC) by employing radio frequency (RF) mirror assisted media-based modulation (MBM). Three schemes are investigated: Scheme 1 employs the same RF mirror activation pattern (MAP) in each of K time slots, Scheme 2 employs different MAPs in each of the K time slots, while Scheme 3 employs different MAPs in a subset k of the K time slots. A joint detector based on the sorted symbol set sphere decoder and maximum-likelihood detection rule is presented and its computational complexity is analyzed. The bit error rate versus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) curves show that there is a negligible penalty incurred in SNR gain when the spectral efficiency is increased by a few bits per channel use. For higher increases in spectral efficiency, the penalty increases but is less significant with increasing K. Scheme 1 is found to be superior in terms of the error performance-spectral efficiency trade-off. The theoretical average bit error probability is derived for the SIMO-KCSGC-MBM scheme and demonstrates a very close match with simulation results.

关键词： golden codes golden codeword-based modulation media-based modulation mirror activation pattern multiple complex symbol golden code radio frequency mirror sorted symbol set sphere decoding

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multiple complex symbol golden Space-Time Labeling Diversity

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IEEE ACCESS 2021年 9卷 70233-70241页

作者： Xu, Hongjun Pillay, Narushan Univ KwaZulu Natal Sch Engn ZA-4041 Durban South Africa

The golden code is a full-rate space-time block code (STBC), which achieves a diversity order of 2N(r), where N-r is the number of receive antennas. The multiple complex symbol golden code (MCS-golden code) is a generalized golden code. The MCS-golden code not only achieves full-rate but also achieves a diversity order of 2nN(r), n, n >= 1, is an integer, and 2(n) is the number of multiple complex symbols in the MCS-golden code system. In this paper, we apply the labelling diversity technique to the MCS-golden code to form a new type of STBC, named as multiple complex symbol golden space-time labelling diversity (MCS-GSTLD). The proposed MCS-GSTLD achieves a diversity order of 2 x 2(n)N(r), and further improves error performance compared to the MCS-golden code. We also formulate the theoretical average bit error probability (ABEP) for the proposed MCS-GSTLD system. Furthermore, we apply sphere decoding with sorted detection subset (SD-SDS) to detect the transmitted symbols in the MCS-GSTLD system. Simulation results show that the SD-SDS scheme achieves the theoretical ABEP for N-r > 2. Both theoretical and simulation results demonstrate that with the same spectral efficiency and four receive antennas, the 2CS-GSTLD achieves at least 1.3 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNr) gain compared to the 2CS-golden code at a BER of 3x10(-6) while the 4CS-GSTLD achieves at least 0.7 dB SNr gain compared to the 4CS-golden code.

关键词： Spectral efficiency Error probability Simulation Receiving antennas Decoding Labeling Block codes golden code golden codeword golden space-time labelling diversity maximum likelihood detection multiple complex symbol golden code space-time block code space-time labelling diversity sphere decoding with sorted detection subset

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