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Traffic analysis and video quality evaluation of multiple description coded video services for fourth generation wireless IP networks

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WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS 2005年第1-2期35卷 187-200页

作者： Fitzek, FHP Can, B Prasad, R Katz, M Aalborg Univ Ctr TeleInfrastructure DK-9220 Aalborg Denmark

For the performance evaluation of future wireless communication systems, such as the fourth generation wireless networks, traffic traces of realistic services are needed. multiple description coding (MDC) is gaining a lot of interest lately and is a viable solution to provide robust video services over single or multi hop wireless networks and MDC introduces more flexibility for network coding. Furthermore it has the capability to support heterogeneous terminals as they are accepted to be used in 4G wireless networks. By means of twelve well known video sequences, in different video formats, we generate the frame size traces and evaluate the multiple description coding characteristics. In addition to that we highlight the expected overhead due to the underlying RTP/UDP/IP protocol suite. As an objective quality measurement at the application layer, we investigate the video quality in dependency of lost and error-prone descriptors. This allows researcher to convert the network losses of their network models directly into video quality values. This step makes the work unique as single layer coded video streams would always need further postprocessing to retrieve the video quality.

关键词： multiple description coding network coding video trace video quality wireless communication

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Fair rate allocation of scalable multiple description video for many clients

Fair rate allocation of scalable multiple description video ...

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Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing 2005

作者： Taal, JR Lagendijk, RIL Delft Univ Technol Informat & Commun Theory Grp Fac Elect Engn Math & Comp Sci NL-2600 AA Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)0819459763

dPeer-to-peer networks (P2P) form a distributed communication infrastructure that is particularly well matched to video streaming using multiple description coding. We form M descriptions using MDC-FEC building on a scalable version of the "Dirac" video coder. The M descriptions are streamed via M different application layer multicast (ALM) trees embedded in the P2P network. Client nodes (peers in the network) receive a number of descriptions m < M that is dependent on their bandwidth. In this paper we consider the optimization of the received video qualities, taking into account the distribution of the clients' bandwidth. We propose three "fairness" criteria to define the criterion to be optimized. Numerical results illustrate the effects of the different fairness criteria and client bandwidth distributions on the rates allocated to the compressed video layers and multiple descriptions.

关键词： multiple description coding scalable coding erasure codes peer-to-peer networks error resilience path diversity

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An improvement to multiple description transform coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING 2002年第11期50卷 2843-2854页

作者： Wang, Y Reibman, AR Orchard, MT Jafarkhani, H Polytech Univ Brooklyn NY 11201 USA AT&T Labs Res Florham Pk NJ 07932 USA Rice Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Houston TX 77005 USA Univ Calif Irvine Dept Elect & Comp Engn Ctr Pervas Commun Irvine CA USA

A multiple description transform coding (MDTC) method has been reported previously. The redundancy rate distortion (RRD) performance of this coding scheme for the independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) two-dimensional (2-D) Gaussian source has been analyzed using mean squared error (MSE) as the distortion measure. At the small redundancy region, the MDTC scheme can achieve excellent RRD performance because a small increase in redundancy can reduce the single description distortion at a rate faster than exponential, but the performance of MDTC becomes increasingly poor at larger redundancies. This paper describes a generalization of the MDTC (GMDTC) scheme, which introduces redundancy both by transform and through correcting the error resulting from a single description. Its RRD performance is closer to the theoretical bound in the entire range of redundancy. Analysis both for a single pair of variables and for multiple variables is presented.

关键词： error resilience multiple description coding source coding

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Allpass delay chain-based IIR PR filterbank and its application to multiple description subband coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING 2002年第4期50卷 814-823页

作者： Shankar, B Makur, A Indian Inst Sci Dept Elect Commun Engn Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India

A class of infinite impulse response (IIR) perfect reconstruction (PR) filterbank is obtained with an allpass delay chain and finite impulse response (FIR) matrices at the analysis side. Such a formulation leads to a filterbank that can be optimized to any desired response. For a first-order allpass, the synthesis bank becomes FIR. Design examples showing warping of the frequency scale and filters with unequal passband widths are presented. The latter part of the work deals with designing a filterbank for a multiple description coding scenario. This is achieved in two parts: by, obtaining the MMSE synthesis bank for a given analysis bank and channel state and by optimizing the analysis response to minimize the average distortion in the presence of channel erasures and quantization. The proposed IIR filterbank, as well as the well-known FIR paraunitary filterbank, are optimized for various channels, and their performances for the two-channel case have been compared with the derived optimal performance.

关键词： allpass function IIR filterbank multiple description coding subband coding

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multiple description multi-watermarking with tabu search approaches

Multiple description multi-watermarking with tabu search app...

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Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing 2005

作者： Pan, JS Huang, CY Huang, HC Liao, BY Huang, KC Natl Kaohsiung Univ Appl Sci Kaohsiung 807 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)0819459763

Digital watermarking is one of the useful solutions for digital rights management systems, and it is also a popular research topic in the last decade. However, most watermarking related literature focus on how to resist intentional attacks by applying benchmarks to watermarked media to estimate the effectiveness of the watermarking algorithm. Only a few papers concentrate on the error resilient transmission of watermarked media. In this paper, we propose an innovative algorithm on vector quantization (VQ) based image watermarking, suitable for error-resilient transmission over noisy channels. By incorporating watermarking with multiple description coding (MDC), our proposed schemes for embedding multiple watermarks can efficiently overcome channel impairments while retaining the capability for copyright and ownership protection. In addition, we employ one optimization technique, called tabu search, to optimize both the watermarked image quality, and the robustness of the extracted watermarks. Simulations demonstrate the utility and practicability of our proposed algorithm.

关键词： watermarking error resilience multiple description coding vector quantization tabu search

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Traffic analysis and video quality evaluation of multiple description coded video services for fourth generation wireless IP networks

Traffic analysis and video quality evaluation of multiple de...

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International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications

作者： Fitzek, FHP Can, B Prasad, R Katz, M Aalborg Univ Ctr TeleInfrastructure DK-9220 Aalborg Denmark

关键词： multiple description coding network coding video trace video quality wireless communication

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Multi-State Video coding with side information

Multi-State Video Coding with side information

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39th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers

作者： Flierl, Sila Ekmekci Sikora, Thomas Tech Univ Berlin Inst Telecommun D-10587 Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)1424401313

Multi-State Video coding (MSVC) is a multiple description scheme where the video is splitted into two or more subsequences. Each subsequence is encoded and transmitted separately and can be decoded independently. The prediction gain decreases due to sequence splitting but error resilience of the system increases since reconstruction capabilities improve. The lost frames in one subsequence are reconstructed by using state recovery, i.e., interpolation of the past and/ future frames from the other subsequence. Unbalanced Quantized MSVC is realized by using the same scheme but coding the subsequences with different quantization stepsizes yielding different bitrates. The advantage of unbalanced operation is the increased system performance in case of unbalanced transmission channel characteristics. In our previous work, we proposed an advanced reconstruction algorithm to support the unbalanced coding of the subsequences: State recovery is not only used for the lost frames but also for received frames when state recovery yields a higher frame PSNR than using the received packet and applying motion compensation. But to figure out which reconstruction method gives a higher frame PSNR a comparison with the original sequence is necessary. Therefore the method is applicable at the decoder only if a feedback mechanism between the encoder and decoder is present. In this work, we present an alternative way, MSVC with side information (MSVCSI), for guiding the optimized reconstruction stategy by estimating the reliabilities of several possible reconstruction alternatives. The reliabilty values are calculated recursively for each frame using the loss history of the frames and the side information representing the specific sequence characteristics. We show that under unbalanced transmission conditions, MSVCSI outperforms the original MSVC method (Approach 1) and the advanced MSVC (Approach 2) upto 1 dB depending on the loss rates of the transmission channels. The gain increases as

关键词： multiple description coding optimal rate allocation unbalanced quantization path diversity

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multiple description coding of motion fields for robust video transmission

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 2001年第9期11卷 999-1010页

作者： Kim, CS Lee, SU Univ So Calif Dept Elect Engn Syst Inst Signal & Image Proc Los Angeles CA 90089 USA Seoul Natl Univ Sch Elect Engn Seoul 151742 South Korea

In many video-coding standards, the motion vector field is one of the most important data in the compressed bit-stream, and its loss can lead to severe degradation in the decoded picture quality. We propose the multiple description motion coding (MDMC) algorithm to enhance the robustness of the motion vector field against transmission errors. In MDMC, the motion vector field is encoded into two descriptions, which are transmitted over distinct channels to the decoder. The decoder is designed to provide an acceptable quality prediction image, even if one of the descriptions is lost during the transmission. Moreover, the decoder can reconstruct a higher quality prediction image, when both the descriptions are received without error. A complete multiple description video coder, based on the MDMC, is implemented by modifying the syntax of the H.263 standard, and tested intensively in a realistic error-prone environment. It is shown that the proposed algorithm provides much better objective and subjective performances than the H.263 coder in the error-prone environment.

关键词： H.263 standard motion vector field multiple description coding multiple description motion coding robust video transmission

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A collaborative multiple description transform coding and statistical error concealment method for error resilient video streaming over noisy channels

A collaborative multiple description transform coding and st...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Yen-Chi Lee Yucel Altunbasak Center of Signal and Image Processing Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

Historically, multiple description coding (MDC) and post-processing error concealment (ECN) algorithms for error-resilient video transmission have evolved separately. Although multiple description coding provides a way to make the video quality degrade gracefully in the presence of packet losses, the resulting quality may be unsatisfactory when only one description is used to reconstruct the signal. This paper proposes a joint description transform coding (MDTC) and statistical error concealment algorithm that adopts a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation approach to compensate for the loss of descriptions. This coordination results in significant improvements in reconstructed video quality over independent use of MDTC.

关键词： Encoding multiple description coding Noise measurement Image reconstruction

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multiple description coding for wireless channels with multiple antennas

Multiple description coding for wireless channels with multi...

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IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 01)

作者： At, N Altunbasak, Y Georgia Inst Technol Sch Elect & Comp Engn Atlanta GA 30332 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780372069

multiple description coding (MDC) provides error resilience by producing several descriptions of the source so that various quality reconstructions can be obtained from any subset of the descriptions. The use of correlating transforms within the MDC framework has been studied for "on-off" channels, such as packet-switched channels. Since this channel model is not appropriate for wireless systems, we introduce fading channel models, such as Rayleigh, Rician, or Nakagami channel, within the context of MDC. We further discuss the optimal correlating transforms.

关键词： multiple description coding source and space diversity joint source-channel coding, and multiple antenna wireless systems

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