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multiple loop ACTIVATIONS AND CONTINUOUS ENERGY-RELEASE IN A SOLAR-FLARE

SOLAR PHYSICS 1977年第1期53卷 277-278页

作者： WIDING, KG USN RES LABWASHINGTONDC 20375

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Steam drum level dynamics in a multiple loop natural circulation system of a pressure-tube type boiling water reactor

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ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY 2011年第10期38卷 2227-2237页

作者： Jain, Vikas Kulkarni, P. P. Nayak, A. K. Vijayan, P. K. Saha, D. Sinha, R. K. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr Reactor Engn Div Bombay 400085 Maharashtra India

Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR) is a pressure tube type boiling water reactor employing natural circulation as the mode of heat removal under all the operating conditions. Main heat transport system (MHTS) of AHWR is essentially a multi-loop natural circulation system with all the loops connected to each other. Each loop of MHTS has a steam drum that provides for gravity based steam-water separation. Steam drum level is a very critical parameter especially in multi-loop natural circulation systems as large departures from the set point may lead to ineffective separation of steam-water or may affect the driving head. However, such a system is susceptible to steam drum level anomalies under postulated asymmetrical operating conditions among the different quadrants of the core like feedwater flow distribution anomaly among the steam drums or power anomaly among the core quadrants. Analyses were carried out to probe such scenarios and unravel the underlying dynamics of steam drum level using system code RELAP5/Mod3.2. In addition, a scheme to obviate such problem in a passive manner without dependence on level controller was examined. It was concluded that steam drums need to be connected in the liquid as well as steam space to make the system tolerant to asymmetrical operating conditions. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Steam drum level Natural circulation multiple loop BWR RELAP5 Interconnections

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A Smart multiple-loop Automotive Cooling SystemModel, Control, and Experimental Study

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IEEE-ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS 2010年第1期15卷 117-124页

作者： Salah, Mohammad H. Mitchell, Thomas H. Wagner, John R. Dawson, Darren M. Hashemite Univ Dept Mechatron Engn Zarqa 13115 Jordan SICK Inc Minneapolis MN 55438 USA Clemson Univ Dept Mech Engn Clemson SC 29631 USA Clemson Univ Dept Elect Engn Clemson SC 29631 USA

The integration of computer-controlled electromechanical components in ground vehicle cooling systems can improve coolant temperature regulation and servomotor power consumption. Advanced thermal management systems for internal combustion engines can better regulate the combustion process by harmoniously controlling the cooling system's actuators to obtain desired thermal conditions in a power-efficient manner. In this paper, a comprehensive nonlinear control architecture is proposed for transient temperature tracking in multiple cooling circuits, which builds on single-loop studies. An experimental engine and transmission cooling system have been assembled that feature a variable-position smart thermostat valve, two variable-speed electric pumps, variable-speed electric radiator fan, engine block, transmission, radiator, steam-based heat exchanger, and sensors. Representative experimental results are discussed to demonstrate the functionality of the multiloop thermal management system under normal and elevated ambient temperatures. The presented results clearly show that the proposed robust controller-based thermal management system can accurately track prescribed engine and transmission temperature profiles.

关键词： Cooling system multiple loop temperature regulation

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Analysis of arbitrary multiple-loop antennas around a conducting cone, with rotational symmetry

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IET MICROWAVES ANTENNAS & PROPAGATION 2013年第2期7卷 111-122页

作者： Ghosh, Bratin Haque, Sk. Moinul Halder, Prasanta Indian Inst Technol Dept Elect & Elect Commun Engn Kharagpur 721302 W Bengal India

A rigorous technique is presented for the analysis of multiple loops around a conducting cone, taking into account mutual coupling. A single and a two/five-loop system around the cone is investigated using the technique to characterise the effect of coupling of parasitic loops on the primary-loop antenna. A two-loop system over the cone-tip is also analysed. It is found that the parasitic loop in this case can significantly improve the matching characteristics of the primary loop. The technique is also used to analyse a three-loop director-reflector configuration for loops below and above the cone-tip. The radiation characteristics were also evaluated. The computed results were verified using simulation and measurements.

关键词： Induction loop systems major loop multiple loop Parasites Rotational symmetry radiation characteristic loop antennas loops

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Robust assessment for the design of multi-loop proportional integrative derivative autopilot

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IET CONTROL THEORY AND APPLICATIONS 2012年第11期6卷 1610-1619页

作者： Capello, E. Sartori, D. Guglieri, G. Quagliotti, F. Politecn Torino Dept Aerosp Engn Turin Italy

In this study a novel robust approach for proportional integrative derivative gain evaluation is proposed. This approach, which can be considered in the class of H-infinity loop shaping methods, is applied to tune the gains of a multi-loop autopilot for mini unmanned aerial vehicles. Nominal stability, nominal performance, robust stability and robust performance of the system are assessed. Root locus method and loop shaping techniques are combined in order to guarantee compliance with robustness requirements and to obtain satisfying flying qualities. Simulation results demonstrate that the method is easy to implement, good robustness and flying performances can be achieved despite a conflicting requirement between these two characteristics.

关键词： model cars multiple loop Automatic pilots Robust control Robustness differential gain root-locus technique System performance Proportional

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Unstable behavior of single-phase natural circulation under closed loop with connecting tube

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EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE 2001年第6期25卷 429-435页

作者： Satou, A Madarame, H Okamoto, K Univ Tokyo Nucl Engn Res Lab Tokai Ibaraki 3191188 Japan

The single-phase natural circulation in a single loop system has been studied by many researchers. In a multiple loop system, the characteristics of natural circulation are more complicated because of the interaction between the loops. In this study, the effects of the multiple loop on the natural circulation instability were investigated experimentally. As the simple multiple loop system, the toroidal loop with insulated connecting tube between both sides (theta-loop) was evaluated. The variation of flow regime in the theta-loop was almost the same as that in the single loop. However, the chaotic condition in an inclined theta-loop was narrower than that in an inclined single loop. The flow and the pressure transfer in the connecting tube played an important role in the chaotic condition in the theta-loop. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： natural circulation multiple loop single-phase flow chaos

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Study of a Multi-loop Travelling Wave UHF RFID Near-Field Antenna

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IEEE ACCESS 2020年 8卷 69829-69837页

作者： Xing, Zijian Li, Haotian Sim, Chow-Yen-Desmond Li, Jianying Li, Ziliang Northwestern Polytech Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Xian 710072 Peoples R China Feng Chia Univ Dept Elect Engn Taichung 40724 Taiwan

A multi-loop travelling-wave ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) near-field antenna (NFA) is proposed and investigated. To achieve strong and uniform magnetic field, as well as extendable reading range, multiple lambda/2 rectangular loop structures printed on both sides of an FR4 substrate is adopted. Via the RFID system measurement for magnetic field distribution, the maximum reading range of the proposed NFA is 11 cm, and its corresponding 100% reading rate distance is 5 cm. Here, broad 10-dB impedance bandwidth of 18.7% (816fi984 MHz) was measured, which can cover both ETSI (European Telecommunication Standards Institute) and FCC (Federal Communications Commission) bands. Parametric studies are further carried out to facilitate the design and optimization processes.

关键词： Radiofrequency identification Magnetic fields UHF antennas Resistors Impedance Bandwidth UHF RFID near-field antenna travelling wave multiple loop

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The rotational geometric influence coefficients of a planar multi-loop mechanism

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APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING 1999年第2期23卷 161-174页

作者： Mohamed, MG Duffy, J Univ Florida Dept Mech Engn Gainesville FL 32611 USA

This paper uses screw algebra to derive relatively simple and explicit expressions for the complex motion-invariant rotational first- and second-order geometric influence coefficients for a planar multi-loop mechanism in terms of reciprocal products of screws and differential screws. The concept of the differential screws is presented and used as an effective tool in characterizing the second-order geometric influence coefficients. Furthermore, the geometrical interpretation of both the screw product and the reciprocal product of screws in two-dimensional space is presented and implemented to simplify the formulation. It is believed that this is the first time to be able to derive the motion-invariant geometric influence coefficients of multi closed-loop mechanisms in explicit and relatively simple forms. The use of the geometric influence coefficients eases the kinematic and dynamic modelling problems of mechanisms. The derived simple expressions for geometric influence coefficients are then implemented to drive the angular velocity-squared/acceleration ratio of the output link. If the single-degree of freedom (dof) planar multi-loop mechanism is running with constant input velocity this ratio becomes motion-invariant too. An illustrative example is presented. This technique has the potential of being extended to cover other spatial and spherical mechanisms as well as multi-degree of freedom multi-loop mechanisms. It could also be extended to derive simple expressions for the translational geometric influence coefficients. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： helium multiple loop screw influence coefficient

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A survey on multi-loop networks

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THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE 2003年第1-3期299卷 107-121页

作者： Hwang, FK Natl Chiao Tung Univ Dept Math Appl Hsinchu 30050 Taiwan

Bermond, Comellas and Hsu gave an excellent survey on multi-loop networks, directed and undirected, in 1995, but only one and half page is on loop networks other than the directed double-loop. Hwang recently gave a substantial survey, but only on the directed double-loop. This survey is a companion of the latter survey by focusing on the other loop networks. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

关键词： Transmission delay Computer-networks Ring-network Graphs Connectivity connectivity multiple loop loop network computer network Double circuit Transport delay Mentoring Network

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A Versatile Approach to Noncanonical, Dynamic Covalent Single and Multi-loop Peptide Macrocycles for Enhancing Antimicrobial Activity

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018年第10期140卷 3768-3774页

作者： Reuther, James F. Goodrich, Andrew C. Escamilla, P. Rogelio Lu, Tiffany A. Del Rio, Valarie Davies, Bryan W. Anslyn, Eric V. Univ Texas Austin Dept Chem Austin TX 78712 USA Univ Texas Austin LaMontange Ctr Infect Dis Dept Mol Biosci Austin TX 78712 USA

Peptide oligomers offer versatile scaffolds for the formation of potent antimicrobial agents due to their high sequence versatility, inherent biocompatibility, and chemical tunability. Though many methods exist for the formation of peptide-based macrocycles (MCs), increasingly pervasive in commercial antimicrobial therapeutics, the introduction of multiple looped structures into a single peptide oligomer remains a significant challenge. Herein, we report the utilization of dynamic hydrazone condensation for the versatile formation of single-, double-, and triple-loop peptide MCs using simple dialdehyde or dihydrazide small-molecule cross-linkers, as confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS, HPLC, and SDS-PAGE. Furthermore, incorporation of aldehyde containing side chains onto peptides synthesized from hydrazide C-terminal resins resulted in tunable peptide MC assemblies formed directly upon resin cleavage post solid-phase peptide synthesis. Both of these types of dynamic covalent assemblies produced significant enhancements to overall antimicrobial properties when introduced into a known antimicrobial peptide, buforin II, when compared to the original unassembled sequence.

关键词： Peptides oligomers buforin II multiple loop dynamic Covalent Interaction antimicrobial properties Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis Antimicrobial activity ANTI-MICROBIAL AGENTS

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