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STAR-RIS Aided Secure MIMO Communication Systems

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2024年第10期73卷 15715-15720页

作者： Dong, Xiequn Fei, Zesong Wang, Xinyi Hua, Meng Wu, Qingqing Beijing Inst Technol Sch Informat & Elect Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Imperial Coll London Dept Elect & Elect Engn London SW7 2AZ England Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Dept Elect Engn Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China

This paper investigates simultaneous transmission and reflection reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) aided physical layer security (PLS) in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, where the base station (BS) transmits secrecy information with the aid of STAR-RIS against multiple eavesdroppers equipped with multiple antennas. We aim to maximize the secrecy rate by jointly optimizing the active beamforming at the BS and passive beamforming at the STAR-RIS, subject to the hardware constraint for STAR-RIS. To handle the coupling variables, a minimum mean-square error (MMSE) based alternating optimization (AO) algorithm is applied. In particular, the amplitudes and phases of STAR-RIS are divided into two blocks to simplify the algorithm design. Besides, by applying the Majorization-Minimization (MM) method, we derive a closed-form expression of the STAR-RIS's phase shifts. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme significantly outperforms various benchmark schemes, especially as the number of STAR-RIS elements increases.

关键词： Array signal processing MIMO communication Optimization Wireless communication Security Eavesdropping Transforms Simultaneous transmission and reflection reconfigurable intelligent surface secure communication multiple-input multiple-output majorization-minimization

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Optimizing Plasma Etching: Integrating Precise Three-Dimensional Etching Simulation and Machine Learning for Multi-Objective Optimization

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IEEE ACCESS 2024年 12卷 127065-127073页

作者： Guo, Jianming Geng, Mingqiang Ren, Kun Ni, Dong Gao, Dawei Zhejiang Univ Coll Integrated Circuits Hangzhou 311200 Peoples R China Zhejiang ICsprout Semicond Co Ltd Hangzhou 311200 Peoples R China Zhejiang Technol Innovat Ctr CMOS IC Mfg Proc & De Hangzhou 311200 Peoples R China ZJU Hangzhou Global Sci & Technol Innovat Ctr Hangzhou 311215 Peoples R China

In modern semiconductor manufacturing, optimizing plasma etching processes is key for advancing technology and achieving profitable production. In this study, we propose an efficient process flow to calibrate the etching mechanisms and optimize the etch profile by combining three-dimensional plasma simulations with machine learning (ML). Our proposed workflow speeds up the model calibration process and effectively addresses data scarcity issues by integrating extensive simulation data with TEM and other data sources. We have developed a three-dimensional Cl2/HBr/O2 plasma etching model for shallow trench isolation (STI), which is based on physical and chemical reaction mechanisms and external parameters consistent with actual production requirements, such as gas ratio, time duration, and chamber conditions. Machine learning is employed to tackle both forward and inverse problems. In the forward problem, the model predicts etching profiles under varying process conditions, with accuracy and similarity assessed using multiple criteria, including the structural similarity index (SSIM). Our approach achieves a notable reduction in prediction time, completing forecasts in 0.5 seconds compared to the 6500 CPU seconds required by TCAD. In the inverse problem, the model adjusts physical parameters to match observed results, improving its predictive accuracy. After model calibration, predictions are validated with wafer test outcomes, showing relative errors below 7%, thereby confirming the accuracy and robustness of the model parameters and the effectiveness of the entire process.

关键词： Plasma etch Plasma etch 3D etching simulation 3D etching simulation neural networks neural networks shallow trench isolation (STI) shallow trench isolation (STI) machine learning machine learning multiple-input multiple-output multiple-input multiple-output

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High-Throughput, Sorted QR Accelerator for Non-Linear Processing in Open-RAN Systems

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IEEE ACCESS 2024年 12卷 44564-44572页

作者： Thomas, Thomas James Filo, Marcin Nikitopoulos, Konstantinos Univ Surrey Inst Commun Syst 5G & 6G Innovat Ctr Wireless Syst Lab Guildford GU27XH England

Open Radio Access Networks (Open-RANs) require cost- and energy-efficient solutions to facilitate their large-scale deployment. A significant concern in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems employing traditional linear processing is the substantial number of radio frequency (RF) chains at the base station (BS), which is required to ensure accurate decoding of the spatially multiplexed streams. Recently, however, practical non-linear approaches, which facilitate near-optimal parallelizable tree searches, have been successfully implemented on actual systems and have demonstrated the capability to considerably reduce the required RF chains without affecting user performance. Similar to QR decomposition (QRD), which is used to perform channel inversion in linear systems, these non-linear approaches employ a sorted QRD (SQRD) to curtail the search complexity. However, this can be a significant bottleneck for general software-based non-linear solutions, preventing them from fully exploiting their gains. To address the latency limitations of SQRD, this work presents a high-throughput hardware accelerator based on reformulating the underlying Modified Gram Schmidt process (MGS) to extract further parallelism than previous designs. Implementations of the proposed architecture demonstrate at least 2-fold improvements in the achievable throughput and processing latency over existing 4 x 4 and 8 x 8 field-programmable gate array (FPGA) implementations and can be scaled up to 16 x 16 MIMO systems. Furthermore, the proposed accelerator was integrated with a software framework that can considerably offload the processing burden for a higher number of streams under strict latency conditions.

关键词： Streams MIMO communication Software Throughput Complexity theory Sorting Hardware acceleration Open radio access network multiple-input multiple-output sorted QR decomposition non-linear detection field programmable gate array

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Capacity Results for MIMO Optical Intensity Channels With Individual Intensity Constraints

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2025年第4期73卷 2505-2521页

作者： Chen, Ru-Han Li, Longguang Guo, Jia-Ning Yang, Xu Zhang, Jian Li, Lin Natl Univ Def Technol Res Inst 63 Nanjing 210044 Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ SJTU Paris Elite Inst Technol Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China Natl Digital Switching Syst Engn & Technol Res Ctr Zhengzhou 450002 Peoples R China

In this paper, we investigate the capacity of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) optical intensity channel (OIC) with peak- and average-intensity constraints individually imposed on each transmitter. We first consider the case where the average input intensities are required to be equal to preassigned constants due to the requirement of illumination quality and color temperature. For the MIMO OIC with a strongly connected channel graph, we prove that its strongest eigen-subchannel must have positive channel gains, which reveals the underlying relationship between the MIMO OIC and the multiple-input single-output OIC. In the general case, we derive various capacity bounds by standard information theoretic tools and investigate several transceivers with certain architectures. In the special case where the channel rank is one less than the number of transmitters, we derive an equivalent capacity expression from the perspective of convex geometry, and new capacity lower bounds are derived based on this equivalent expression. Finally, the developed results are extended to another type of channels, where the average input intensities are required to be no larger than preassigned constants. These derived bounds are numerically verified to approach the capacity in the low or high signal-to-noise ratio regime.

关键词： Vectors Optical transmitters Optical receivers Radio frequency Optical modulation Signal to noise ratio Optical noise Channel capacity dimming control intensity-modulation and direct-detection (IM/DD) multiple-input multiple-output optical wireless communication per-aperture constraint visible light communication

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Transformer-Based Efficient CSI Feedback for THz Band FDD MIMO Systems

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IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2024年第2期13卷 343-346页

作者： Ji, Dong Jin Chung, Byung Chang Seoul Natl Univ Sci & Technol Dept Semicond Engn Seoul 01811 South Korea Gyeongsang Natl Univ Dept Intelligence & Commun Engn Tongyeong 53064 South Korea

Machine learning algorithms have been extensively explored for the feedback of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel state information (CSI) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. However, their viability in sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication systems, operating in the terahertz (THz) band, remains uncertain. To address this, we propose ChannelTransformer, a transformer-model-based CSI feedback scheme that incorporates multi-head self-attention and a CSI-feedback-aware transformer structure, and a lightweight user equipment (UE) model. Through simulations in the DeepMIMO O1 scenario at 140GHz, ChannelTransformer demonstrates superior performance in terms of normalized mean square error (NMSE) and cosine similarity across various feedback lengths compared to conventional schemes with a much smaller UE model size.

关键词： Transformers Tensors Computational modeling Antenna arrays Computer architecture Receiving antennas 6G mobile communication Machine learning for communications deep learning channel feedback multiple-input multiple-output

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Capacity, Convergence, and Complexity Improvements for LDPC-Coded MIMO-VLC Systems With Generalized Spatial Modulation

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2024年第7期72卷 4226-4242页

作者： Yang, Zhaojie Guan, Yong Liang Fang, Yi Lv, Liang Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore Guangdong Univ Technol Sch Informat Engn Guangzhou 510006 Peoples R China

This paper is centered on multiple-input multiple-output visible light communication (MIMO-VLC) systems with protograph-based low-density parity-check (P-LDPC) codes. We propose a two-step design method, which is composed of spatial-domain (SpD)-based Gray-like (GL) principle and signal-domain (SiD)-based energy-optimization (EO) principle, to construct a novel class of generalized spatial modulation (GSM) schemes, referred to as GLEOGSM schemes, to enhance the system performance. We also introduce a novel internal-stopping (IS) principle into the conventional joint detection and decoding (JDD) architecture, the resultant IS-aided JDD (IS-JDD) algorithm significantly reduces the computational overhead. Inspired by the proposed IS-JDD architecture, we further conceive a low-complexity IS-aided extrinsic-information-transfer (IS-EXIT) algorithm to analyze the convergence performance of P-LDPC-coded MIMO-VLC systems. Both theoretical and simulation results verify that our proposed designs can remarkably outperform the existing benchmark schemes in terms of capacity, convergence and complexity.

关键词： Light emitting diodes GSM Visible light communication Symbols Codes Receivers Modulation multiple-input multiple-output visible light communication generalized spatial modulation joint detection and decoding extrinsic information transfer

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Design and analysis of planar four-port UWB-MIMO antenna with band-rejection capability

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES 2024年第1期16卷 127-139页

作者： Kaur, Harleen Singh, Hari Shankar Upadhyay, Rahul Thapar Inst Engn & Technol Dept Elect & Commun Engn Patiala India VT Ctr Excellence Emerging Mat TIET Patiala India

This manuscript presents a 50 omega microstrip-fed quad-element high isolated ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with band-notched characteristics. The overall area of the proposed structure is 0.33 lambda(o) x 0.33 lambda(o) mm(2) (where lambda(o) depicts the free space wavelength corresponding to the lower cutoff frequency, i.e. 2.54 GHz), etched on an FR-4 substrate of thickness 0.8 mm. The top layer has four semicircular disc-shaped radiating elements that are identical and orthogonal to obtain better inter-element isolation and compactness. A reverse two-shaped slot is etched onto the radiating patches to attain a band-rejection capability. Moreover, a decoupling structure is also placed at the top layer to suppress the unwanted surface waves. The bottom layer consists of a ground plane, which is further modified with quasi-self complementary and meandered line slots. A rectangular slot is also etched below the feed line to better match the impedance near the lower cutoff frequencies. The simulated reflection coefficients (S-11) of the proposed antenna are less than -10 dB over 2.54 to 10.74 GHz frequencies except at 3.37 to 4.15 GHz (WiMAX/C band), and the simulated inter-port isolation (S-21) is greater than -15 dB over the entire UWB range of frequencies (3.1 to 10.6 GHz). Also, the measured S-parameter results well agreed with the simulated ones. Furthermore, the simulation study of the 20-element UWB-MIMO antenna is also investigated using the proposed quad-element structure.

关键词： band-notch channel capacity loss diversity gain envelop correlation coefficients impedance bandwidth mean effective gain multiple-input multiple-output mutual coupling ultra-wideband

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IMRecoNet: Learn to Detect in Index Modulation Aided MIMO Systems With Complex Valued Neural Networks

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2023年第2期72卷 1791-1805页

作者： Zhang, Chenwu Lu, Hancheng Liu, Jinxue Univ Sci & Technol China Sch Informat Sci & Technol CAS Key Lab Wireless Opt Commun Hefei 230027 Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China CAS Key Lab Wireless Opt Commun Hefei 230027 Peoples R China Hefei Comprehens Natl Sci Ctr Inst Artificial Intelligence Hefei 230027 Peoples R China

Index modulation (IM) reduces the power consumption and hardware cost of the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system by activating part of the antennas for data transmission. However, IM significantly increases the complexity of the receiver and needs accurate channel estimation to guarantee its performance. To tackle these challenges, in this paper, we design a deep learning (DL) based detector for the IM aided MIMO (IM-MIMO) systems. We first formulate the detection process as a sparse reconstruction problem by utilizing the inherent attributes of IM. Then, based on greedy strategy, we design a DL based detector, called IMRecoNet, to realize this sparse reconstruction process. Different from the general neural networks, we introduce complex value operations to adapt the complex signals in communication systems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt that introduce complex valued neural network to the design of detector for the IM-MIMO systems. Finally, to verify the adaptability and robustness of the proposed detector, simulations are carried out with consideration of inaccurate channel state information (CSI) and correlated MIMO channels. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed detector outperforms existing algorithms in terms of antenna recognition accuracy and bit error rate under various scenarios.

关键词： Detectors MIMO communication Wireless communication Complexity theory Receivers Hardware Costs Complex-valued neural network index modu-lation multiple-input multiple-output signal detection sparse reconstruction

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A Survey on Orthogonal Time Frequency Space Modulation

IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF THE COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETY

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IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF THE COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETY 2024年 5卷 4483-4518页

作者： Aldababsa, Mahmoud Ozyurt, Serdar Kurt, Gunes Karabulut Kucur, Oguz Nisantasi Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn TR-34481742 Istanbul Turkiye Ankara Yildirim Beyazit Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn TR-06010 Ankara Turkiye Polytech Montreal Dept Elect Engn Montreal PQ H3T 1J4 Canada Gebze Tech Univ Dept Elect Engn TR-41400 Gebze Turkiye

Orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation is strongly considered as a promising solution for high-mobility communications. In contrast to conventional modulation techniques, wherein information symbols are multiplexed in a one-dimensional time or frequency domain, OTFS employs a two-dimensional modulation scheme by multiplexing information symbols in the delay-Doppler domain. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of OTFS. It starts with an overview of OTFS, its advantages over conventional air interface techniques, general block diagrams, and implementations. Subsequently, the paper explores the potential integration of multiple-input multiple-output and OTFS techniques. The paper further discusses the feasibility of integrating OTFS into multiple access techniques as a solution for maintaining acceptable performance in high-mobility scenarios. Then, widespread applications of OTFS in satellite communications are highlighted. Also, the potential utilization of OTFS modulation in integrated sensing and communications paradigm is thoroughly treated. In addition, the survey covers further applications of OTFS in deep learning, index modulation, underwater acoustic, and unmanned aerial vehicle communications. The paper concludes by pointing out numerous challenging and promising directions for future OTFS research.

关键词： OFDM Symbols Modulation 6G mobile communication Time-frequency analysis Channel estimation Fading channels Orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) delay-Doppler domain multiple-input multiple-output multiple access techniques satellite communications integrated sensing and communications deep learning index modulation underwater acoustic unmanned aerial vehicle

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Empowering MIMO-FSO Systems: RIS Technology for Enhanced Performance in Challenging Conditions

IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF THE COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETY

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IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF THE COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETY 2025年 6卷 2616-2641页

作者： Shakir, Wafaa M. R. Charafeddine, Jinan Al Furat Al Awsat Tech Univ Tech Inst Babylon Dept Comp Networks & Software Babil Iraq De Vinci Res Ctr De Vinci Higher Educ F-92400 Paris France

This paper presents a novel analytical framework to enhance the performance of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS)-integrated multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) free-space optical (FSO) communication systems. The study addresses critical challenges such as atmospheric turbulence, misalignment, and signal attenuation. It introduces a series-based approach to model the combined effects of Gamma-Gamma turbulence, generalized Rician pointing errors, and RIS size-related constraints. In contrast to previous studies, which often rely on oversimplified or idealized channel models, this framework provides closed-form expressions for the first time for the probability density function and cumulative distribution function of the end-to-end channel specifically designed for RIS-empowered (RIS-E) MIMO-FSO systems. These expressions capture the complex interactions between channel impairments and system parameters, enabling accurate performance evaluation in real-world deployments. The derived formulations provide key performance metrics, including outage probability, average bit error rate, ergodic capacity, data rate, and energy efficiency, for a variety of system configurations. Practical diversity combining techniques such as equal gain combining, maximal ratio combining, and selection combining are rigorously analyzed. In addition, asymptotic analyses at high signal-to-noise ratios offer simplified expressions that provide valuable insights into coding gain, diversity order, and system behavior under extreme conditions. A key contribution of this work is the investigation of the optimization of RIS placement, which improves signal alignment and reduces the outage probability, even under challenging atmospheric conditions. In addition, the study highlights the computational efficiency of the proposed framework through a detailed complexity analysis that confirms its feasibility for practical, large-scale applications. Monte Carlo simulations validate the theoretical

关键词： Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces MIMO Adaptive optics Diversity reception Atmospheric modeling Optical transmitters Wireless communication Optical variables control Optical receivers Energy efficiency multiple-input multiple-output free-space optical reconfigurable intelligent surface Gamma-Gamma turbulence non-zero boresight pointing errors atmospheric attenuation

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