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A Survey on Hybrid, 3D, Interference Mitigation and Secure Data Beamforming Techniques for 5G System

WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS 2020年第1期114卷 883-900页

作者： Yadav, Ranjeet Tripathi, Ashutosh Amity Univ Rajasthan Amity Sch Engn & Technol Dept ECE Jaipur Rajasthan India

By 2020 world will testimony new archaic Multi-antenna technologies like beamforming along with massive multiple-input multiple-output in 5G system. The cellular networks with 5th Generation (5G) are introduced with the determined aim of supporting a very heterogeneous service mixture, everyone with its individual detailed requirements. It largely leverages a very huge count of independently controllable antennas at the BS, and thereby attains greater enhancement regarding the energy and spectral efficiency. This paper elucidate about the Hybrid Beamforming techniques, 3D beamforming techniques, Interference mitigation between small and macro cell beamforming proficiency and secure data transmission pre-owned in beamforming technologies dispense a comprehensive analysis of all aspect of Beamforming technologies used in 5G systems.

关键词： multiple-input multiple-output 5G systems Beamforming Long term evolution Wireless communication

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Anti-Eavesdropping Scheme Based on Random Mapping for GSM-MBM Systems

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IEEE ACCESS 2020年 8卷 48416-48427页

作者： Gao, Zhenzhen Bai, Shaozhuang Liao, Xuewen Liu, Meiqin Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Informat & Commun Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China Southeast Univ Natl Mobile Commun Res Lab Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect Sci & Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China

Media-based modulation (MBM) is a recently proposed modulation scheme which has the advantages of increased spectral efficiency and improved performance. In this paper, a physical layer security (PLS) scheme is proposed for the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) media-based modulation system using generalized spatial modulation (GSM) to resist the passive eavesdropping from a multiple-antenna eavesdropper. Secure mapping rules between the information bits and the transmit patterns are designed based on the abundant legitimate channel realizations of the MIMO MBM system. Due to the independent fading of the legitimate link and the eavesdropping link, the designed mapping rules are unavailable and appear random to the eavesdropper. Therefore, the correct detection of the information bits at the eavesdropper is prevented, which is validated through bit error rate (BER) analysis and simulations. The ergodic secrecy rate is analyzed and a tight closed-form approximation is derived. Simulation results show that the proposed secure GSM MBM scheme outperforms the existing secure MBM schemes without consuming jamming power or requiring eavesdropper & x2019;s channel state information.

关键词： Modulation Radio frequency MIMO communication Transmitting antennas Eavesdropping Bit error rate Mirrors Physical layer security media-based modulation generalized spatial modulation multiple-input multiple-output

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NOMA With Zero-Forcing V-BLAST

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2020年第9期24卷 2070-2074页

作者： Ozyurt, Serdar Simon, Eric Pierre Farah, Joumana Ankara Yildirim Beyazit Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn TR-06010 Ankara Turkey Univ Lille F-59650 Villeneuve Dascq France IEMN Lab F-59650 Villeneuve Dascq France Lebanese Univ Fac Engn Dept Elect & Elect Beirut 1000 Lebanon

In this study, power-domain non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is combined with zero-forcing (ZF) vertical Bell Labs layered space-time (V-BLAST) technique. Motivated by the fact that the successive interference cancellation (SIC) is a pivotal element in either technique, we thoroughly investigate the impact of SIC on inter-user and inter-layer interference. A two-user downlink scenario is investigated where a multi-antenna base station with no instantaneous channel state information simultaneously communicates with two users each with multiple antennas. The average sum rate of the considered system is analytically derived in an exact form. Correspondingly, the power allocation value on each substream is optimized such that the average sum rate is maximized. We show that when the classical power-domain NOMA idea is incorporated into the ZF V-BLAST algorithm, the far user cannot completely cancel inter-layer interference. Nonetheless, the proposed approach turns out to yield an average sum rate performance near to that of a higher-complexity method based on maximum likelihood detection.

关键词： NOMA Silicon carbide Interference Resource management Antennas Downlink Channel state information multiple-input multiple-output non-orthogonal multiple access zero-forcing V-BLAST average sum rate

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Reinforcement Learning-Based Joint User Pairing and Power Allocation in MIMO-NOMA Systems

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SENSORS 2020年第24期20卷 7094-7094页

作者： Lee, Jaehee So, Jaewoo Sogang Univ Dept Elect Engn Seoul 04107 South Korea

In this paper, we consider a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)-non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system with reinforcement learning (RL). NOMA, which is a technique for increasing the spectrum efficiency, has been extensively studied in fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication systems. The application of MIMO to NOMA can result in an even higher spectral efficiency. Moreover, user pairing and power allocation problem are important techniques in NOMA. However, NOMA has a fundamental limitation of the high computational complexity due to rapidly changing radio channels. This limitation makes it difficult to utilize the characteristics of the channel and allocate radio resources efficiently. To reduce the computational complexity, we propose an RL-based joint user pairing and power allocation scheme. By applying Q-learning, we are able to perform user pairing and power allocation simultaneously, which reduces the computational complexity. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves a sum rate similar to that achieved with the exhaustive search (ES).

关键词： non-orthogonal multiple access multiple-input multiple-output user pairing power allocation reinforcement learning

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Beam Designs for Millimeter-Wave Backhaul With Dual-Polarized Uniform Planar Arrays

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2020年第7期68卷 4202-4217页

作者： Kim, Sucheol Choi, Junil Song, Jiho Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol Sch Elect Engn Daejeon 34141 South Korea Univ Ulsan Sch Elect Engn Ulsan 44610 South Korea

This paper proposes hybrid beamforming designs for millimeter-wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) backhaul systems equipped with uniform planar arrays (UPAs) of dual-polarization antennas at both the transmit and receive base stations. The proposed beamforming designs are to near-optimally solve optimization problems taking the dual-polarization UPA structure into account. Based on the solutions of optimization problems, this paper shows it is possible to generate the optimal dual-polarization beamformer from the optimal single-polarization beamformer sharing the same optimality. As specific examples, squared error and magnitude of inner product are considered respectively for optimization criteria. To optimize proposed beamformers, partial channel information is needed, and the use of low overhead pilot sequences is also proposed to figure out the required information. Simulation results verify that the resulting beamformers have the most uniform gain (with the squared error criterion) or the highest average gain (with the magnitude of inner product criterion) in the covering region with the UPA of dual-polarization antennas.

关键词： Array signal processing Radio frequency MIMO communication Optimization Planar arrays Backhaul systems multiple-input multiple-output millimeter-wave communications dual-polarization uniform planar array hybrid beamforming

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Analysis and FPGA Implementation of Zero-Forcing Receive Beamforming with Signal Space Diversity under Different Interleaving Techniques

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JOURNAL OF CIRCUITS SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS 2020年第1期29卷

作者： Resat, Mustafa Anil Cicek, Adem Ozyurt, Serdar Cavus, Enver Ankara Yildirim Beyazit Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn Ankara Turkey

We combine multiple-input multiple-output zero-forcing receive beamforming (ZFRBF) with time and spatial component interleaved signal space diversity (SSD) and analyze the system's error performance and implementation complexity. A transreceiver system with two transmit and M >= 2) receive antennas is considered where the number of simultaneous substreams equals two. The error performance of the proposed scheme with binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) and quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulations is studied. Under the time component interleaved SSD case, we derive an exact average bit error probability expression for BPSK and a tight approximation on the average symbol error probability for QPSK. The signal constellation rotation angles are accordingly computed. Using a similar approach, the signal constellation rotation angles are also determined for the scenario of spatial component interleaved SSD. It is demonstrated that the performance of the original ZFRBF model can be improved significantly by utilizing SSD especially with the time interleaving method. Another contribution to the literature is to study hardware complexity of the proposed scheme on FPGA. It is shown that while achieving considerable performance gain, SSD introduces only an insignificant increase to the system complexity without any extra bandwidth or time slot usage.

关键词： Signal space diversity multiple-input multiple-output zero-forcing receive beamforming time interleaving spatial interleaving field-programmable gate array

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Transmit antenna selection for spatial modulation MIMO IoT networks with full-duplex relaying

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AEU-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS 2020年 123卷 153312-153312页

作者： Ba Cao Nguyen Tran Manh Hoang Tran, Phuong T. Nguyen, Vinh P. Telecommun Univ Nha Trang Vietnam Ton Duc Thang Univ Fac Elect & Elect Engn Wireless Commun Res Grp Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Bosch Vietna Co Ltd Long Thanh Vietnam

Recent advances in 5G wireless technology, including multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems and full-duplex communications, have opened the gate for Internet of Things (IoT) applications, especially for wireless sensor nodes to collect and transfer data between environment and control center. This study analyzes the deployment of transmit antenna selection (TAS) in spatial modulation (SM) MIMO full-duplex relaying (FDR) system (SM-MIMO-FDR), where relay uses decode-and-forward (DF) protocol. Due to the computational complexity, TAS was usually neglected in previous studies on SM-MIMO system, especially when FDR is employed in the system. Here, we derive the exact form of outage probability (OP) and symbol error rate (SER) to indicate the performance of SM-MIMO-FDR system with TAS over Rayleigh fading channel. A comparison between SM-MIMO-FDR with TAS and conventional SM-MIMO-FDR shows a significant performance enhancement. Also, this study includes the impact of antenna quantity, data transmission rate, and residual self-interference (RSI) on the OP and SER through derived mathematical expressions. Finally, the correctness of the analysis is verified by numerical results through Monte Carlo simulations. (C) 2020 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. (C) 2020 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

关键词： Full-duplex relay Self-interference cancellation multiple-input multiple-output Spatial modulation Transmit antenna selection Outage probability Symbol error probability

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Machine Intelligence at the Edge With Learning Centric Power Allocation

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 2020年第11期19卷 7293-7308页

作者： Wang, Shuai Wu, Yik-Chung Xia, Minghua Wang, Rui Poor, H. Vincent Southern Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China Southern Univ Sci & Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China Univ Hong Kong Dept Elect & Elect Engn Hong Kong Peoples R China Sun Yat Sen Univ Sch Elect & Informat Technol Guangzhou 510006 Peoples R China Southern Marine Sci & Engn Guangdong Lab Zhuhai 519082 Peoples R China Princeton Univ Dept Elect Engn Princeton NJ 08544 USA

While machine-type communication (MTC) devices generate considerable amounts of data, they often cannot process the data due to limited energy and computational power. To empower MTC with intelligence, edge machine learning has been proposed. However, power allocation in this paradigm requires maximizing the learning performance instead of the communication throughput, for which the celebrated water-filling and max-min fairness algorithms become inefficient. To this end, this paper proposes learning centric power allocation (LCPA), which provides a new perspective on radio resource allocation in learning driven scenarios. By employing 1) an empirical classification error model that is supported by learning theory and 2) an uncertainty sampling method that accounts for different distributions at users, LCPA is formulated as a nonconvex nonsmooth optimization problem, and is solved using a majorization minimization (MM) framework. To get deeper insights into LCPA, asymptotic analysis shows that the transmit powers are inversely proportional to the channel gains, and scale exponentially with the learning parameters. This is in contrast to traditional power allocations where quality of wireless channels is the only consideration. Last but not least, a large-scale optimization algorithm termed mirror-prox LCPA is further proposed to enable LCPA in large-scale settings. Extensive numerical results demonstrate that the proposed LCPA algorithms outperform traditional power allocation algorithms, and the large-scale optimization algorithm reduces the computation time by orders of magnitude compared with MM-based LCPA but still achieves competing learning performance.

关键词： Machine learning Resource management Data models Wireless communication Computational modeling Image edge detection Training Empirical classification error model edge machine learning learning centric communication multiple-input multiple-output resource allocation

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Power Allocation Based on Reinforcement Learning for MIMO System With Energy Harvesting

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2020年第7期69卷 7622-7633页

作者： Mu, Xingchi Zhao, Xiaohui Liang, Hui Jilin Univ Coll Commun Engn Changchun 130012 Peoples R China

This paper focuses on the use of a reinforcement learning (RL) approach to find two online power allocation policies in a point to point EH-MIMO wireless communication system. In our study, we train the power allocation policies in order to learn the map between the environment and the agent. Particularly, in order to avoid "dimension disaster" problem which may happen in our proposed SARSA power allocation policy, we introduce a linear approximation method to get an approximate SARSA power allocation policy. The linear approximation can handle infinite number of states and trade-off between complexity and performance of power allocation is significantly improved. The simulation results show that the proposed SARSA and approximate SARSA power allocation policies have a considerable throughput increase compared with the benchmark policies, such as greedy, random and conservative policies.

关键词： Resource management MIMO communication Wireless communication Approximation algorithms Energy harvesting Transmitters Batteries Power allocation throughout maximization reinforcement learning energy harvesting multiple-input multiple-output

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A user matching and power allocation scheme for downlink MIMO-NOMA communication system

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PHYSICAL COMMUNICATION 2020年 42卷 101174-101174页

作者： Lu, Yin Qu, Yihuang Yang, Chuying Li, Taosen Wang, Xiumei Bian, Haowei Zhu, Hongbo Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Jiangsu Key Lab Wireless Commun Nanjing 210003 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Engn Res Ctr Hlth Serv Syst Based Ubiquitous Wire Minist Educ Nanjing 210003 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Coll Internet Things Nanjing 210003 Peoples R China

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) combined with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) can greatly increase the system throughput, but it will cause additional interference. Generally, the interference can be eliminated by utilizing the precoding technology. The previous studies preferentially focused on the channel difference between users, and neglected the lowly correlated scenarios, leading to the decline of users' throughput. A low-complexity user matching and power allocation scheme is proposed for such scenarios. Firstly, users with higher channel correlations are matched, and the remaining users are matched in terms of channel difference. Furthermore, the objective function is established to maximize the system throughput while assuring users' quality of service (QoS). Eventually, with the objective function in the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions being solved, the power allocation factors are achieved. The simulation results quantify that the proposed scheme has an advantage over the conventional MIMO-NOMA scheme. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Non-orthogonal multiple access multiple-input multiple-output User matching Power allocation

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