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Design of compact UWB antenna using characteristic mode analysis and its quad-port MIMO realization with novel isolation technique

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JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND APPLICATIONS 2024年第4期38卷 443-459页

作者： Ghosh, Prabir Gorai, Abhik Behera, Subhrakanta Ghatak, Rowdra Kalinga Inst Ind Technol Sch Elect Engn Bhubaneswar 751024 India Natl Inst Technol Durgapur Dept Elect & Commun Engn Durgapur India

This paper presents a miniaturized Quad-Port MIMO antenna for UWB application. Employing Characteristic Mode Analysis, the single element UWB antenna is analysed to achieve a compact design. Using the Theory of Characteristic Mode, the significant modes and their current distribution are analysed, which helps to modify the radiator and ground plane to generate more significant modes to yield a wider frequency band. Four circular-shaped radiators with tapered feeds are placed orthogonally on the FR4 substrate to improve isolation, and partial ground planes are located on the opposite surface. Furthermore, a modified Pattee-cross-shaped parasitic element is introduced between the antenna elements and shorted with the ground planes via metallic shorting pins. This novel technique improves isolation compared to the conventional integration method of the partial ground planes through strip lines. The proposed antenna achieves less than -20 dB mutual coupling over most of the frequency band ranging from 2.51-18 GHz.

关键词： Characteristic mode analysis decoupling technique multiple-input multiple-output mutual coupling shorted parasitic element UWB antennas

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Analysis and FPGA Implementation of Zero-Forcing Receive Beamforming with Signal Space Diversity under Different Interleaving Techniques

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JOURNAL OF CIRCUITS SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS 2020年第1期29卷

作者： Resat, Mustafa Anil Cicek, Adem Ozyurt, Serdar Cavus, Enver Ankara Yildirim Beyazit Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn Ankara Turkey

We combine multiple-input multiple-output zero-forcing receive beamforming (ZFRBF) with time and spatial component interleaved signal space diversity (SSD) and analyze the system's error performance and implementation complexity. A transreceiver system with two transmit and M >= 2) receive antennas is considered where the number of simultaneous substreams equals two. The error performance of the proposed scheme with binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) and quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulations is studied. Under the time component interleaved SSD case, we derive an exact average bit error probability expression for BPSK and a tight approximation on the average symbol error probability for QPSK. The signal constellation rotation angles are accordingly computed. Using a similar approach, the signal constellation rotation angles are also determined for the scenario of spatial component interleaved SSD. It is demonstrated that the performance of the original ZFRBF model can be improved significantly by utilizing SSD especially with the time interleaving method. Another contribution to the literature is to study hardware complexity of the proposed scheme on FPGA. It is shown that while achieving considerable performance gain, SSD introduces only an insignificant increase to the system complexity without any extra bandwidth or time slot usage.

关键词： Signal space diversity multiple-input multiple-output zero-forcing receive beamforming time interleaving spatial interleaving field-programmable gate array

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Signal Shaping for Generalized Spatial Modulation and Generalized Quadrature Spatial Modulation

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 2019年第8期18卷 4047-4059页

作者： Guo, Shuaishuai Zhang, Haixia Zhang, Peng Dang, Shuping Liang, Cong Alouini, Mohamed-Slim King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol Comp Elect & Math Sci & Engn Div Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia Shandong Univ Sch Control Sci & Engn Shandong Prov Key Lab Wireless Commun Technol Jinan 250061 Shandong Peoples R China Weifang Univ Sch Comp Engn Weifang 261061 Peoples R China

This paper investigates the generic signal shaping methods for the multiple-data-stream generalized spatial modulation (GenSM) and the generalized quadrature spatial modulation (GenQSM). Three cases with different channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) are considered, including no CSIT, statistical CSIT, and perfect CSIT. A unified optimization problem is formulated to find the optimal transmit vector set under size, power, and sparsity constraints. We propose an optimization-based signal shaping (OBSS) approach by solving the formulated problem directly and a codebook-based signal shaping (CBSS) approach by finding the sub-optimal solutions in discrete space. In the OBSS approach, we reformulate the original problem to optimize the signal constellations used for each transmit antenna combination (TAC). Both the size and the entry of all signal constellations are optimized. Specifically, we suggest the use of a recursive design for the size optimization. The entry optimization is formulated as a non-convex large-scale quadratically constrained quadratic programming (QCQP) problem and can be solved by the existing optimization techniques with rather high complexity. To reduce the complexity, we propose the CBSS approach using a codebook generated by the quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbols and a low-complexity selection algorithm to choose the optimal transmit vector set. The simulation results show that the OBSS approach exhibits the optimal performance in comparison with existing benchmarks. However, the OBSS approach is impractical for large-size signal shaping and adaptive signal shaping with instantaneous CSIT due to the demand of high computational complexity. As a low-complexity approach, the CBSS shows comparable performance and can be easily implemented in large-size systems.

关键词： multiple-input multiple-output generalized spatial modulation generalized quadrature spatial modulation signal shaping preceding maximizing the minimum euclidean distance sparsity constraint

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Real-Time Water-to-Air Communication System Under Dynamic Water Surface and Strong Background Radiation

IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL

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IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL 2024年第4期16卷 1页

作者： Lin, Tianrui Wei, Tianjian Hu, Qingqing Fu, Chunfang Huang, Nuo Liu, Xinhui Tang, Li Su, Liang Luo, Jianghua Gong, Chen Univ Sci & Technol China CAS Key Lab Wireless Opt Commun Hefei 230027 Peoples R China China Ship Sci Res Ctr Wuxi 214082 Peoples R China Yangtze Univ Sch Phys & Optoelect Engn Jingzhou 434023 Peoples R China

This work explores water-to-air optical wireless communication (W2A-OWC) transmission schemes and realizes a prototype of real-time W2A-OWC system based on field programmable gate array. This prototype comprises underwater nodes, aerial nodes, and transmitter-receiver hardware circuits. The real-time system employs multiple-input multiple-output technique and the low density parity check (LDPC) code of 5G-new radio for dynamic W2A-OWC. Additionally, the impact of background radiation is mitigated through spatial optical filtering. To validate the practical feasibility of the system, experiments are conducted in both indoor water tank and outdoor deep pool under strong background radiation. The frame error rate of the real-time system is tested under different LDPC code rates and transmitter-receiver configurations. The experimental results verify the feasibility of the realized W2A-OWC system.

关键词： Optical transmitters Real-time systems Optical reflection Light emitting diodes Optical sensors Optical filters Optical receivers Dynamic water-air surface multiple-input multiple-output real-time system water-to-air optical wireless communication

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Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques for Colocated MIMO Radars: A Tutorial Overview

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IEEE ACCESS 2021年 9卷 33704-33755页

作者： Davoli, Alessandro Guerzoni, Giorgio Vitetta, Giorgio M. Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia Dept Engn Enzo Ferrari I-41125 Modena Italy

Radars are expected to become the main sensors in various civilian applications, ranging from health-care monitoring to autonomous driving. Their success is mainly due to the availability of both low cost integrated devices, equipped with compact antenna arrays, and computationally efficient signal processing techniques. An increasingly important role in the field of radar signal processing is played by machine learning and deep learning techniques. Their use has been first taken into consideration in human gesture and motion recognition, and in various healthcare applications. More recently, their exploitation in object detection and localization has been also investigated. The research work accomplished in these areas has raised various technical problems that need to be carefully addressed before adopting the above mentioned techniques in real world radar systems. In this manuscript, a comprehensive overview of the machine learning and deep learning techniques currently being considered for their use in radar systems is provided. Moreover, some relevant open problems and current trends in this research area are analysed. Finally, various numerical results, based on both synthetically generated and experimental datasets, and referring to two different applications are illustrated. These allow readers to assess the efficacy of specific methods and to compare them in terms of accuracy and computational effort.

关键词： Deep learning Learning systems MIMO radar Estimation Signal processing algorithms Radar antennas Antenna arrays Radar multiple-input multiple-output machine learning beamforming micro-Doppler range-azimuth estimation

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Effects of Carrier Frequency Offset and Channel Estimation Errors on the Performance of MIMO-OFDM Systems in Spatially Correlated Channels

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WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS 2011年第2期59卷 159-171页

作者： Zheng, Zi-Wei Ningbo Univ Coll Informat Sci & Engn Ningbo 315211 Peoples R China Southeast Univ Nation Mobile Commun Res Lab Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China Dalian Maritime Univ Coll Informat Engn Dalian 116026 Peoples R China

As an effective technique for combating multipath fading and for high-bit-rate transmission over wireless channels, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is extensively used in high-rate wireless communication systems, such as, the wireless local area network (WLAN) and the digital television terrestrial broadcasting (DTTB) systems, to support high performance bandwidth-efficient multimedia services. multiple antennas and transmit or receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM), can be used to improve error performance and capacity of wireless systems. In this paper, we consider the effects of carrier frequency offset and channel estimation errors on the performance of MIMO-OFDM systems in spatially correlated channels. Theoretical calculations and computer simulations are done to analyze the performance degradation of MIMO-OFDM systems in spatially correlated channels due to carrier frequency offset and channel estimation errors, and the theoretical and simulated results match well.

关键词： Channel estimation Carrier frequency offset multiple-input multiple-output Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

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Large Spatial Channel (36-Core x 3 mode) Heterogeneous Few-Mode Multicore Fiber

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JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY 2016年第1期34卷 93-103页

作者： Sakaguchi, Jun Klaus, Werner Mendinueta, Jose Manuel Delgado Puttnam, Benjamin James Luis, Ruben Soares Awaji, Yoshinari Wada, Naoya Hayashi, Tetsuya Nakanishi, Tetsuya Watanabe, Tatsuhiko Kokubun, Yasuo Takahata, Taketoshi Kobayashi, Tetsuya Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol NICT Photon Network Res Inst Koganei Tokyo 1848795 Japan Sumitomo Elect Ind Ltd Yokohama Kanagawa 2448588 Japan Yokohama Natl Univ Yokohama Kanagawa 2408501 Japan Optoquest Co Ltd Ageo Saitama 362021 Japan

We describe the design and characterization of a heterogeneous 36-core, three-mode fiber with three core types. Intercore crosstalk for LP11 modes is estimated to be below-31 dB for 5.5 km propagation at a core pitch of 34 mu m. Feasibility of 108 space/mode division multiplexed transmission is investigated using free-space multiplexing/demultiplexing technologies, 40-wavelength division multiplexed, 25 GBd, 93.4-Gb/s dual-polarization QPSK signals, and coherent detection with a sparse 6 x 6 MIMO equalizer. The total transmission capacity amount to 403.7 Tb/s.

关键词： Coherent communication few-mode fiber mode division multiplexing multicore fiber multiple-input multiple-output optical fibers space division multiplexing

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Deep Learning-Based Codebook Designs for Generalized Space Shift Keying Systems

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2022年第1期71卷 1038-1042页

作者： Huang, Di Jiang, Xue-Qin Lee, Inkyu Hai, Han Donghua Univ Sch Informat Sci & Technol Shanghai 201620 Peoples R China Korea Univ Sch Elect Engn Seoul 02841 South Korea

In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning (DL)-based codebook design method for generalized space shift keying (GSSK) systems. In this DL-based method, the transmitter and receiver of GSSK systems are designed based on deep neural network (DNN). By training the DNN in an end-to-end manner, the DL-based method can adaptively generate suitable binary codewords and combine them into a codebook for GSSK systems. Simulation results show that the proposed DL-based method obtains better performance compared to conventional approaches.

关键词： Transmitting antennas Training Receiving antennas Design methodology Deep learning Neurons Simulation Generalized space shift keying deep learning codebook multiple-input multiple-output

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Photonic Precoding for Millimeter-Wave Multicell MIMO in Centralized RoF System

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IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2014年第11期26卷 1116-1119页

作者： Cheng, Lin Zhu, Ming Wang, Jing Xu, Mu Lu, Feng Chang, Gee-Kung Georgia Inst Technol Sch Elect & Comp Engn Atlanta GA 30332 USA

We propose a centralized photonic precoding method for millimeter-wave (MMW) multicell multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communications. By applying the multicell MIMO and hence exploiting the spatial multiplexing gain over MMW, the system capacity is enhanced compared with the conventional single-input single-output (SISO) system. Based on radio-over-fiber (RoF) techniques, the multicell function is realized in a centralized location, which simplifies the design of remote access units. Traversing over the optical links enabled by the RoF infrastructure, we implement a novel method of photonic precoding to realize the zero-forcing precoding approach, which simplifies the user equipment complexity. A two-cell MIMO downlink transmission using the proposed method is experimentally demonstrated. Our results show that original signals can be directly recovered at the receivers with a power penalty <1 dB compared with SISO transmission. The effect of varying photonic parameters is also analyzed.

关键词： Centralization multiple-input multiple-output millimeter-wave multi-cell pre-coding radio-over-fiber

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Efficient algorithm for blind detection of orthogonal space-time block codes

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IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS 2007年第5期14卷 301-304页

作者： Le, Minh-Tuan Pham, Van-Su Mai, Linh Yoon, Giwan Informat & Commun Univ Sch Engn Taejon 305714 South Korea

This letter proposes an efficient decoder for signal detection in orthogonal space-time block coded systems employing phase-shift keying modulation without channel state information at the receiver. The proposed decoder consists of a sphere decoder and a QRD-based decoder. Simulation results show that the proposed decoder enables the system to trade off performance improvement against complexity.

关键词： diversity maximum likelihood detection multiple-input multiple-output space-time coding wireless communication

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