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Geometry-Based Stochastic MIMO Channel Model for Near-Field and Far-Field Scenarios of Integrated Sensing and Communications

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2025年第5期74卷 6928-6940页

作者： Jin, Yunwei He, Ruisi Ai, Bo Yuan, Yuan Niu, Yong Zhang, Haoxiang Beijing Jiaotong Univ Frontiers Sci Ctr Smart High Speed Railway Syst Sch Elect & Informat Engn State Key Lab Adv Rail Autonomous Operat Beijing 100044 Peoples R China China Acad Ind Internet Minist Ind & Informat Technol Beijing 100804 Peoples R China

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has become a promising technology in current sixth-generation (6G) wireless communications due to its ability to support both communication and sensing. Existing works regarding ISAC channels mainly focus on far-field propagation conditions based on plane wave assumption. However, with the deployment of ultra-massive multiple-in multiple-out (MIMO), the far-field assumption may no longer hold, as the communication and sensing propagation distances can become comparable to the antenna size. To address this issue, we propose a three-dimensional MIMO channel model that captures the characteristics of communication and sensing channels in ISAC environments, considering near-field propagation conditions. Additionally, we distinguish the communication and sensing propagation environments by employing different effective scatterer distributions. In the model, the sensing channel is divided into target sensing and environmental sensing components, whereas the communication channel is divided into line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight components. The weighted sum of each component in communication and sensing channels results in accurate channel representations. Based on the proposed model, we derive and thoroughly investigate space-time-frequency correlation function, normalized absolute error function, and channel capacity. A key observation is that the correlation between communication and sensing channels is high in dense scatterer environments, which implies that the communication channel can be recovered from the sensing channel. Error function results indicate that the proposed channel model achieves fairly high accuracy in ultra-massive MIMO scenarios. These findings provide essential support for the development of ISAC systems in future 6G wireless communications.

关键词： Antenna arrays Channel models Transmitting antennas Receiving antennas Integrated sensing and communication Antennas Communication channels Three-dimensional displays Stochastic processes Computational modeling Geometry-based stochastic channel model integrated sensing and communication multiple-input multiple-output near-field communication channel propagation characteristics

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STAR-RIS Assisted Secure MIMO Communication Networks: Transmit Power Minimization for Perfect and Imperfect CSI

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2025年第3期73卷 1487-1500页

作者： Shen, Meng Lei, Xianfu Zhou, Xiangyun Karagiannidis, George K. Southwest Jiaotong Univ Sch Informat Sci & Technol Chengdu 610031 Peoples R China Australian Natl Univ Sch Engn Canberra ACT 2601 Australia Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki Dept Elect & Comp Engn Thessaloniki 54124 Greece Lebanese Amer Univ LAU Cyber Secur Syst & Appl AI Res Ctr Beirut 11022801 Lebanon

In this paper, we investigate the secure transmission design for simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS)-assisted multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. By considering both perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI) scenarios, we jointly optimize the covariance matrix of the transmitter and the transmitting and reflecting coefficients of the STAR-RIS and formulate two transmit power minimization problems. For the optimization problem in the perfect CSI scenario, we develop a penalty-based alternating optimization (AO) algorithm to handle it. For the optimization problem in the imperfect CSI scenario, this paper is the first work to study the robust beamforming design for STAR-RIS-assisted secure MIMO systems. To address this challenging problem, we first use the inequalities of the determinant to transform it into an equivalent form. Then, we use the generalized S-procedure to handle the worst-case constraints. Finally, we develop a penalty-based AO algorithm. Performance evaluation results show that the two proposed optimization algorithms significantly reduce the transmit power compared to other baseline schemes.

关键词： MIMO communication Optimization Minimization MISO communication Communication systems Vectors Covariance matrices Reconfigurable intelligent surface multiple-input multiple-output simultaneously transmitting and reflecting physical layer security robust design

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Optimization of Surface Configuration in IRS-Aided MIMO-VLC: A BER Minimization Approach

IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL

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IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL 2024年第3期16卷 1页

作者： Zhong, Xin Chen, Chen Wen, Wanli Liu, Min Fu, H. Y. Haas, Harald Chongqing Univ Sch Microelect & Commun Engn Chongqing 400044 Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Tsinghua Shenzhen Int Grad Sch Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China Univ Strathclyde Technol Innovat Ctr Dept Elect & Elect Engn Glasgow City G1 1RD Scotland

Due to its ability to reconfigure the optical channel, intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has revealed its great potential for enhancing the performance of visible light communication (VLC) systems. In this paper, we apply a mirror array-based IRS in typical multiple-input multiple-output based VLC (MIMO-VLC) systems and optimize the IRS configuration to minimize the system bit error rate (BER). By utilizing the tight analytical BER upper bound, a BER minimization problem is formulated subject to the IRS configuration constraints. To solve this problem, an optimization algorithm is proposed which decomposes the original problem into three sub-problems, and the complexity of the algorithm is analyzed. The superiority of the obtained optimal IRS configuration scheme over the baseline scheme in terms of BER performance has been successfully verified through simulations in an indoor IRS-aided $4\times 4$ MIMO-VLC system applying different MIMO techniques.

关键词： Intelligent reflecting surface multiple-input multiple-output visible light communication

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Large-Capacity Photonics-Assisted Millimeter-Wave Wireless Communication Enabled by Dual-Polarized SISO Link and Advanced MIMO Equalizer

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JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY 2024年第11期42卷 4048-4059页

作者： Cai, Yuancheng Luo, Wei Zhu, Min Liu, Xiang Zhang, Jiao Lei, Mingzheng Hua, Bingchang Li, Jiankang Xiang, Shitong Zhang, Junhao Zou, Yucong Ding, Junjie Chen, Xingyu Xiao, Jinbiao Yu, Jianjun Purple Mt Labs Nanjing 211111 Peoples R China Southeast Univ Natl Mobile Commun Res Lab Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China Mt Labs Nanjing 211111 Peoples R China Fudan Univ Key Lab Informat Sci Electromagnet Waves Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China

As the mobile communication evolves from sub-6 GHz to millimeter wave (MMW) frequency bands, the demand for high-speed wireless transmission rates exceeding hundreds of gigabits per second is becoming more and more prominent. It is one of the important cornerstones supporting numerous emerging bandwidth-consuming applications represented by the metaverse, digital twin and so on. So far, there is a huge room for improvement in wireless transmission rate, which is far inferior to the transmission capacity of fiber optic links. In this paper, we have proposed and experimentally demonstrated a large-capacity photonics-assisted MMW wireless communication system over 20-km fiber and 1.3-m wireless transmission at the W band. A dual-polarized single-input single-output (SISO) wireless link, instead of the commonly used 2 x 2 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) links, is used for the transparent transmission of optical polarization division multiplexing signal, which significantly simplifies the system complexity and enhances its robustness. In addition, the transmission performance is further improved by employing an advanced MIMO Volterra nonlinear equalizer. With the bit error ratio threshold of 2 x 10(-2), a record single-lane single-carrier wireless air interface rate (WAIR/ch/lambda) up to 504 Gb/s has been achieved for the first time. This solution we proposed provides opportunity for progress in the wireless air interface capacity close to the fiber-optic transmission capacity in the fiber-wireless integration transmission systems.

关键词： Large-capacity millimeter-wave communication multiple-input multiple-output nonlinear equalizer polarization division multiplexing single-input single-output W-band

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Atmospheric turbulence degradation image restoration based on multi-input multi-output U-Net network

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LASER PHYSICS 2025年第2期35卷 025201-025201页

作者： Tao, Rong Zhang, Leihong Fang, Yao Yang, Haima Zhang, Dawei Xu, Banglian Sun, Quan Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Sch Opt Elect & Comp Engn Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Natl Univ Def Technol Coll Adv Interdisciplinary Studies Changsha 410073 Peoples R China

Aiming at the problem of limited ability to recover degraded images of atmospheric turbulence when they are severely damaged, a recovery method based on a multi-input multi-output U-Net network is proposed. The network can input information from multiple images at the same time, which improves the extraction and representation of image features. And it introduces multiple inverse convolutional head transposition attention during jump connection to better aggregate local and non-local pixel interactions and improve the recovery quality. Experiments demonstrate that the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of the proposed network is improved by 4-5 db and the structural similarity is improved by about 6.4% compared with general recovery methods. Compared with the existing deep learning restoration methods, the PSNR of the improved network is improved by about 2-3 db, and the frequency structure similarity is improved by about 2.7%.

关键词： atmospheric turbulence image restoration multiple-input multiple-output attention mechanism

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Novel star fractal MIMO antenna integrated with a unique parasitic decoupler for enhanced 5 G/IoT/UWB communication performance

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PHYSICA SCRIPTA 2025年第3期100卷 035524-035524页

作者： Sohi, Arashpreet K. Thapar Inst Engn & Technol Dept Elect & Commun Engn Patiala Punjab India

This study focuses on the development, simulation, and experimental analysis of a two-port, fractal-inspired UWB antenna array for optimal deployment in 5 G/IoT/UWB systems. The array is structured 1.57 mm thick, dielectric FR4 material, encompassing a 38 x 66 mm2 area. The design includes two offset-fed pentagonal radiating patches defective with a 2nd iterative novel star-fractal pattern on its upper surface, which optimizes the array's radiative properties and triggers a wide operating range of 3-14.6 GHz with an impedance bandwidth ratio of 3.87:1. The application of unique star-fractal design contributes to 54.33% shrinkage of patch area in contrast to the typical pentagonal patch. The rear dielectric layer features a reduced ground plane embedded with novel parasitic and stub-loading decoupling structures (placed centrally) to significantly suppress the cross-coupling between the array units and minimize mismatch losses. multiple diversity parameters are reviewed and are found to comply with their defined thresholds, demonstrating a favorable match between simulation and experimental findings. The array design effectively addresses the rising demand for compact solutions tailored for handheld devices, thus facilitating real-time operations in 5 G/IoT frameworks.

关键词： fractal multiple-input multiple-output parasitic decoupling 5 G ultrawideband (UWB) offset-fed

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Low RCS MIMO antenna with high isolation based on polarisation conversion surface

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS 2025年

作者： Su, Jinrong Zhang, Minchen Chen, Jingli Dou, Haipeng Chen, Xinwei Zhang, Wenmei Shanxi Univ Sch Phys & Elect Engn 92 Wucheng Rd Taiyuan Shanxi Peoples R China Shanxi Vocat Univ Engn Sci & Technol Sch Informat Engn Jinzhong Peoples R China

This paper presents a 4-port multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna resonating in 4.89-9 GHz range. The overall size of the antenna is 0.65 lambda(0) x 0.65 lambda(0) x 0.02 lambda(0) (lambda(0) represents the free-space wavelength at the lowest resonant frequency). To improve the isolation between radiation elements and reduce radar cross section (RCS) simultaneously, a reflective polarisation conversion metasurface (PCM) is proposed. The PCM and its mirror units are arranged in groups of six in a windmill manner in the centre of the MIMO antenna. Thus, 180 degrees phase difference produces cancellation of far-field scattering, which results in low RCS with maximum value of 11.3 dB in the frequency bands of 9.5-12.5 GHz and 12.9-16.5 GHz. Besides, the coupling path between antenna elements is blocked by the PCM units, thus improving the isolation by a maximum value of 44.37 dB in the band of 4.89-9 GHz. The isolation is higher than 20.4 dB in the entire band. It's worth noting that the PCM units and the radiation elements share the same FR4 substrate, greatly reducing the antenna profile and simplifying processing complexity. Calculated results of the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC, <0.04), the diversity gain (DG, >9.99 dB), the total active reflection coefficient (TARC, <-10 dB) and the channel capacity loss (CCL, <0.5 bits/Hz/sec) demonstrate that the diversity performance and data transmission quality of the antenna are satisfactory. A prototype antenna is fabricated and measured. Good agreement between the experimental and simulated results ensures the applicability of this design for MIMO stealth applications.

关键词： Polarization conversion multiple-input multiple-output decoupling RCS reduction

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The exact error prediction method for MIMO controlled tests☆

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MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 2025年 223卷

作者： Yousef, Odey Moreu, Fernando Maji, Arup Univ New Mexico Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn Albuquerque NM 87131 USA Sandia Natl Labs Albuquerque NM 87185 USA

multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) tests are used to replicate environmental conditions on dynamic systems in a lab setting. MIMO tests allow responses at multiple locations to be replicated far better than possible with normal single input tests. However, achieving a desired response at multiple response locations is affected by various factors. Specifying test tolerances based on multiple responses (vs. on just a single input) is challenging and of great interest. The dynamic relationships between the inputs and the outputs of the system, given by the frequency response functions (FRFs), may not be perfectly characterized. Given a desired output, the FRF matrix must be inverted to obtain an input. This process has inexact solutions because the FRF matrix is usually not square and is ill-conditioned. The realization of time histories from a frequency domain input is not perfect, and the spectral content of the actual input to the system does not match what was initially sought after. Previous work has established a framework for predicting error in MIMO tests, the approximate error prediction method (AEPM), but was limited in the types of error sources that could be accounted for and the tests it could be applied to. This paper improves that method by changing to a matrix-based formulation and accounting for inversion error, called the exact error prediction method (EEPM). The EEPM is applied to similar tests in the previous paper, specifically single-input single-output (SISO) and square MIMO tests, with significant improvements in error prediction over the AEPM. Additionally, a broader set of rectangular MIMO tests, where inversion is a large source of error, are conducted with similarly effective results.

关键词： Vibration Testing multiple-input multiple-output Error Dynamics

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An Unambiguous Super-Resolution Algorithm for TDM-MIMO-SAR 3D Imaging Applications on Fast-Moving Platforms

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REMOTE SENSING 2025年第4期17卷 639-639页

作者： Guan, Sheng Wang, Mingming Liang, Xingdong Liu, Yunlong Li, Yanlei Chinese Acad Sci Aerosp Informat Res Inst Natl Key Lab Microwave Imaging Technol Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Sch Elect Elect & Commun Engn Beijing 100049 Peoples R China

multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar enjoys the advantages of a high degree of freedom and relatively large virtual aperture, so it has various forms of applications in several aspects such as remote sensing, autonomous driving and radar imaging. Among all multiplexing schemes, Time-Division multiplexing (TDM)-MIMO radar gains a wide range of interests, as it has a simple and low-cost hardware system which is easy to implement. However, the time-division nature of TDM-MIMO leads to the dilemma between the lower Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI) and more transmitters, as the PRI of a TDM-MIMO system is proportional to the number of transmitters while the number of transmitters significantly affects the resolution of MIMO radar. Moreover, a high PRI is often needed to obtain unambiguous imaging results for MIMO-SAR 3D imaging applications on a fast-moving platform such as a car or an aircraft. Therefore, it is of vital importance to develop an algorithm which can achieve unambiguous TDM-MIMO-SAR 3D imaging even when the PRI is low. Inspired by the motion compensation problem associated with TDM-MIMO radar imaging, this paper proposes a novel imaging algorithm which can utilize the phase shift induced by the time-division nature of TDM-MIMO radar to achieve unambiguous MIMO-SAR 3D imaging. A 2D-Compressed Sensing (CS)-based method is employed and the proposed method, which is called HPC-2D-FISTA, is verified by simulation data. Finally, a real-world experiment is conducted to show the unambiguous imaging ability of the proposed method compared with the ordinary matched-filter-based method. The effect of velocity error is also analyzed with simulation results.

关键词： multiple-input multiple-output MIMO-SAR imaging compressed sensing super-resolution imaging unambiguous direction of arrival estimation

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Spatial Distribution-Based Beam Design for Millimeter Wave V2V Communication Systems

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2025年第1期73卷 648-661页

作者： Kim, Keunwoo Song, Jiho Lee, Jong-Ho Hyun, Seong-Hwan Kim, Seong-Cheol Seoul Natl Univ Sch Elect Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Inst New Media & Commun INMC Seoul 08826 South Korea Hanyang Univ ERICA Dept Elect & Elect Engn Ansan 15588 South Korea Soongsil Univ Sch Elect Engn Seoul 06978 South Korea

For high-level autonomous driving, the development of an effective vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication system is an utmost concern. Among several candidates, the millimeter-wave (mmWave) V2V communication system is considered as a promising one, as it is expected to provide high data rate. To overcome the high path loss at mmWave frequencies, the codebook-based beam-alignment approach has been widely studied as a means of generating narrow and strong beams. Despite its potential, many existing codebooks are designed to generate codewords with equal beamwidths, which may not be optimal for V2V communications. Our focus is on designing a beamforming codebook for V2V communications, taking into account the angular distribution characteristics of vehicles on the road. To achieve this, we propose an analytical model to represent the traffic density of vehicles on roads. Based on the proposed traffic density model, we derive the angular distribution of directional communication links between vehicles by considering realistic road structures, including straight roads, intersections, and roundabouts. Utilizing the angular distribution between vehicles, we propose a codebook design framework specifically tailored for V2V communication systems. Simulation results verify that our model fits well for realistic urban grid road environments, and the proposed codebook outperforms codebooks with equal beamwidths.

关键词： Roads Millimeter wave communication Vectors Radio frequency Communication systems Array signal processing Analytical models Codebook design hybrid beamforming millimeter-wave multiple-input multiple-output vehicle-to-vehicle communications

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