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Enhanced transmitter designs for indoor MIMO-VLC systems

OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS 2025年 575卷

作者： Zhao, Yinan Zeng, Zhihong Cao, Hailin Chen, Chen Chongqing Univ Sch Microelect & Commun Engn Chongqing 400044 Peoples R China Natl Univ Singapore Dept Elect & Comp Engn Singapore 117576 Singapore

multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology, a fundamental element of 6G, has been widely implemented invisible light communication (VLC) systems. However, actual MIMO-VLC systems face significant challenges due to severe channel correlation. To tackle this issue, in this paper, we propose two enhanced transmitter designs for performance improvement of indoor MIMO-VLC systems, including single transmitter partial coverage (STPC) and enhanced STPC. For the STPC scheme, a single LED transmitter only needs to cover part of the receiving plane, instead of covering the whole receiving plane as in the conventional single transmitter full coverage (STFC) scheme. For the enhanced STPC scheme, each light-emitting diode (LED) is replaced with an LED subarray so as to further improve the system performance. Our simulation results reveal that the system performance is influenced by the LED array spacing, LED subarray spacing, and the LED semi-angle at half power. We identify the optimal combinations of these parameters to maximize the average achievable spectrum efficiency of the system. Notably, the STPC and Enhanced STPC schemes demonstrate increases in average achievable spectrum efficiency of 478.14% and 589.49%, respectively, compared to the benchmark STFC scheme.

关键词： Visible light communication multiple-input multiple-output Single transmitter partial coverage Distributed LED array

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IA Solution in Closed-Form for Optimum DoF in the Multi-User MIMO Interference Network

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KSII TRANSACTIONS ON INTERNET AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2025年第2期19卷 657-670页

作者： Liu, Weihua Zhang, Shilin Song, Wenjun Li, Baona Huang, Lixun Huang, Daoying Zhengzhou Univ Light Ind Sch Elect & Informat Zhengzhou Peoples R China Luoyang Normal Univ Sch Math Sci Luoyang Peoples R China

In the wireless communication network, interference alignment (IA) represents a technology for the management of interference that can attain the optimum degrees of freedom (DoF). The iterative IA design is highly complex and requires significant computing resources in multiple-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication networks. The IA in closed-form design scheme has low complexity of computation, which hasn't been solved well in general multiple-user communication networks. A scheme in closed-form is proposed for the multi-user MIMO interference channel, in which an IA solution is employed to eliminate interference by the precoding sub-matrix chain and achieve the optimum DoF further. The precoding sub-matrix chain is precisely designed, and the exact solution in closed-form is obtained by the solution of linear equations. Eventually, the efficacy of the designed solution scheme is validated through simulation experiments.

关键词： Degrees of freedom interference alignment multiple-input multiple-output precoding sub-matrix chain solution in closed-form

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Block Iterative Support Detection for Uplink Grant-Free MIMO-NOMA

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IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2025年第4期14卷 1264-1268页

作者： Lei, Ruibin Zhang, Xiaoxu Shi, Fengwen Zhou, Xiangwei Zhou, Zhengchun Liu, Jiaqi Southwest Jiaotong Univ Prov Key Lab Informat Coding & Transmiss Chengdu 611756 Peoples R China Louisiana State Univ Div Elect & Comp Engn Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA Avionics Co Ltd China Elect Technol Grp Corp Commun Nav & Surveillance Dept Chengdu 611731 Peoples R China

Grant-Free-Non-orthogonal multiple access (GF-NOMA) is a powerful means to reduce signaling overhead, provide a large number of connections, and support low latency requirements in 6G Internet of Things applications. However, the accuracy of multi-user detection (MUD) remains a challenge. In this letter, we propose a Block Iterative Support Detection (BISD) MUD algorithm for GF-NOMA, which exploits the spatial diversity gain and block sparsity provided by multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) to improve the MUD accuracy of the traditional Iterative Support Detection (ISD) algorithm. The proposed BISD algorithm efficiently updates the active support set by block-wise non-zero judgment in each iteration to improve detection accuracy. Simulation results show that BISD improves the detection performance with faster convergence speed, compared with ISD and other traditional MUD algorithms for GF-NOMA.

关键词： Multiuser detection Vectors Accuracy MIMO Indexes Transmitting antennas Simulation Receiving antennas NOMA Internet of Things multiple-input multiple-output non-orthogonal multiple access multi-user detection compressive sensing

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Design of a two-port UWB MIMO antenna with high isolation based on characteristic mode theory

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JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND APPLICATIONS 2025年第8期39卷 898-917页

作者： You, Rui Nie, Wenyan Wang, Zhonggen Yang, Ming Wang, Mingqing Anhui Univ Sci & Technol Sch Elect & Informat Engn Huainan Peoples R China Huainan Normal Univ Sch Mech & Elect Engn Huainan 232001 Peoples R China West Anhui Univ Sch Elect & Commun Engn Luan Peoples R China

In this paper, a two-port ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is designed, fabricated, and tested based on characteristic mode theory. The MIMO design consists of two circular patches which are connected to the UWB unit with an I-shaped branch. Slots are opened in the circular patch to enhance the impedance matching performance, and in order to improve the isolation of the antenna while operating, metal strips are added to the patch, and a fence decoupling structure. The overall size of the proposed antenna is 77.5 x 39 x 1 mm(3), and the microstrip feed is used. Simulation results show that the antenna can cover the 2.68-11.85 GHz band with a return loss of -43.5 dB, an isolation of less than -20 dB, and an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of < 0.007. It possesses good directional radiation characteristics, and it can be used in 5G MIMO communication systems.

关键词： characteristic mode theory isolation multiple-input multiple-output Ultra-wideband

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Diversity gain in cylindrical vector beam multiplexing

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OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY 2025年 184卷

作者： Guan, Zhiwei Yang, Jing Ren, Jianjun Xie, Chuangxin Nong, Lvye Huang, Liyu Zuo, Tianyimei Dong, Ze Wang, Chaofeng Fan, Dianyuan Shenzhen Univ Inst Microscale Optoelect Int Collaborat Lab Mat Optoelect Sci & Technol 2D Minist Educ Shenzhen 518060 Peoples R China Minzu Normal Univ Xingyi Coll Phys & Engn Technol Xingyi 562400 Peoples R China Beijing Inst Technol Sch Informat & Elect Beijing Peoples R China

Cylindrical vector beam (CVB) provides an attractive prospect in enhancing the capacity density of optical communication via mode multiplexing. However, the mode coupling in few-mode fiber will disturb the mode power distribution of CVBs randomly, which causes crosstalk and signal fading, severely degrading the system performance and even interrupting communication. Here, we propose a diversity gain strategy to mitigate the crosstalk and signal fading in CVB multiplexing communication. By performing multi-input multi-output equalization on the receiving signals and estimating the channel matrix by solving the optimal mode channel weights, the diversity gain is performed to equalize the crosstalk-induced noise components and random signal errors, and the crosstalk and signal fading are mitigated. As a proof of concept, we experimentally demonstrate a multi-dimensional multiplexing communication (320 channels combined by 4 CVBs and 80 wavelengths), and 7.5 Tbit/s QPSK-OFDM signals are transmitted in 5 km few-mode fiber. We show that after diversity gain, the biterror-rate is improved by about 2-3 orders of magnitude, and the communication outage of 60 % is completely suppressed. These validate that the diversity gain effectively eliminates crosstalk and signal fading caused by mode coupling in CVB multiplexing transmission over few-mode fiber, which significantly enhances communication capacity while greatly improving the stability and reliability of the communication system. It provides an effective solution for future high-capacity and long-distance optical communication.

关键词： Cylindrical vector beam Mode-division multiplexing multiple-input multiple-output Diversity gain

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Self-Isolation in MIMO Array Using Mode Diversity

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IEEE ACCESS 2025年 13卷 45023-45036页

作者： Elahi, Manzoor Koziel, Slawomir Leifsson, Leifur Reykjavik Univ Engn Optimizat & Modeling Ctr IS-102 Reykjavik Iceland Gdansk Univ Technol Fac Elect Telecommun & Informat PL-80233 Gdansk Poland Purdue Univ Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut W Lafayette IN 47907 USA

A new isolation technique is proposed for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) microstrip patch antenna (MPA) arrays utilizing mode diversity. Typically, similar modes are excited in each element of the MIMO array. However, the proposed MIMO array uses two elements of different sizes excited in distinct modes at the same frequency. It is found that the TM01 mode excited in one MPA, a hybrid mode (TM 03+ TM21) is induced in the coupled MPA, while exciting the TM03 mode in another patch induces a quasi-TM11 mode in the coupled MPA. Both induced modes exhibit weak fields at the feeding points, reducing the mutual coupling between the two patch antennas without requiring extra decoupling structure. Additionally, the induced modes create a null in the broadside direction, reducing cross-polarization (x-pol) levels. An isolation level over 50 dB is achieved in 1x2 MIMO array at 5.8 GHz. The design is adaptable to larger array. Therefore, to validate the design technique, a 1x4 array is simulated, fabricated and measured, showing 30-45 dB isolation among the ports in the passband. Moreover, the design features an x-pol around -40 dB in broadside direction in both E- and H-planes, ensuring effective polarization diversity. The technique is applied to a MIMO dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) array, demonstrating excellent isolation and radiation pattern performance. Furthermore, the technique is versatile and can be applied to various MIMO configurations. Therefore, simulations have been performed for 2x4 MPA array, validating the effectiveness of isolation in both the E- and H-planes. This approach also optimizes space utilization, allowing for the inclusion of additional patch elements to form hybrid-coupled MIMO MPAs within confined spaces.

关键词： MIMO Mutual coupling Antenna arrays Antennas Resonant frequency Couplings Substrates Patch antennas Current distribution Scattering parameters Microstrip patch antenna multiple-input multiple-output isolation self-decoupling method mode's diversity cross-polarization

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Enhanced channel estimation with atomic norm minimization and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces in mmWave MIMO systems

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 2025年第2期38卷

作者： Ganapathy, Sundar Muthusamy, Karthikeyan Arifa Inst Technol Dept Elect & Commun Engn Nagapattinam 611103 Tamil Nadu India Univ Coll Engn Pattukottai Dept Elect & Elect Engn Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India

The performance of millimeter-wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems has been significantly enhanced by the incorporation of dynamic reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS). This paper proposes a novel dynamic channel estimation technique that combines dynamic atomic norm minimization with dynamic RIS to optimize RIS-aided mmWave MIMO systems. Leveraging the dynamic nature of both atomic norm minimization and RIS, the proposed approach efficiently adapts to changing environmental conditions, providing robust and accurate channel estimation. By dynamically optimizing the RIS configuration, the system achieves improved spectral and energy efficiency, enabling high-speed and reliable communication in challenging mmWave environments. Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed dynamic channel estimation technique, highlighting its potential for enhancing the performance of future wireless communication systems. It presents a breakthrough dynamic channel estimation method for millimeter-wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output systems that combines dynamic atomic norm minimization with reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS). By adapting to environmental changes, this method significantly improves the accuracy of channel estimation. Dynamic RIS optimization increases spectral and energy efficiency and ensures fast and reliable communication in challenging mmWave environments. The simulations confirm the effectiveness of this system and show that it has the potential to revolutionize the future performance of wireless communications. image

关键词： BER channel estimation mmWave multiple-input multiple-output reconfigurable intelligent surfaces

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A Delay-Oriented Joint Optimization Approach for RIS-Assisted MEC-MIMO System

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING 2025年第5期24卷 4263-4277页

作者： Jiang, Shanshan Wang, Xue Lin, Junhao Huang, Chongwen Qian, Zhihong Han, Zhu Jilin Univ Dept Commun Engn Changchun 130012 Peoples R China Yanbian Univ Coll Engn Yanji 133002 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Coll Informat Sci & Elect Engn Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Multimodal Commun Networks & Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China Univ Houston Dept Elect & Comp Engn Houston TX 77004 USA Kyung Hee Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Seoul 446701 South Korea

In the paper, we propose a joint optimization algorithm based on the block coordinate descent (JOABCD) algorithm for reflective intelligent surface (RIS) assisted MEC-MIMO systems. First, we define the delay minimization function for both single user with multi-antenna and multiple users with single-antenna scenarios. Since the optimization function is an NP-hard problem, we decompose it into two subproblems: computing setting and communication setting using the block coordinate descent (BCD) iterative algorithm. The subproblem of resource allocation is solved using a bisection method, while the subproblem of transmit power and phase shift matrix is solved alternately. The optimal simulation results show that the JOABCD algorithm can realize a lower time latency and a higher sum achievable rate compared with the existing methods.

关键词： Delays Resource management Optimization Channel estimation Energy consumption MIMO Minimization Covariance matrices Computational efficiency Communication system security Multi-access edge computing reflecting intelligent surface multiple-input multiple-output delay

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Design of a Multiband Antenna Using Auxiliary Classifier Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network for IoT Applications

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 2025年第5期38卷

作者： Bessant, Y. R. Annie St Xaviers Catholic Coll Engn Dept Elect & Commun Engn Nagercoil Tamil Nadu India

The rapid expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) applications presents unprecedented challenges for antenna design, demanding solutions that are versatile, efficient, and capable of operating across multiple frequency bands. This paper addresses these challenges through the development of a design of a multiband antenna using Auxiliary Classifier Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network for IoT applications (DMA-ACWGAN-IoT). Here, the Auxiliary Classifier Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network (ACWGAN) is employed to generate synthetic data representing electromagnetic field distributions and antenna characteristics across various frequencies. The proposed metamaterial-based multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna contains four discrete elements, each provided by a micro strip feed. The structures overall width and length are 60 and 52 mm. The metamaterial is printed on a patch and dispersed from the fields with the most effective coupling. The proposed structures strong impedance bandwidth works at 8.3 GHz, 10.8 GHz, 12.3 GHz, 13.7 GHz, 16.1 GHz, and 18.1 GHz, fabricating the proposed antenna prototype using a substrate made of FR-4 material. The proposed DMA-ACWGAN-IoT design provides 6.5 dB maximum gain and 25.40%, 21.60%, and 20.05% higher efficiency compared to existing dual band antenna design with resonance frequency prediction under machine learning models (DBA-PRF-ML), machine learning verification depending on a distinctive SWB multiple slotted four-port high isolated MIMO antenna loaded with metasurface for the applications of IoT (SWB-MIMO-IOT-ML), and dual-band miniaturized composite right-left-handed transmission line ZOR antenna along machine learning method for microwave communication (DB-ZORA-MC-ML).

关键词： Auxiliary Classifier Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network complementary split ring resonator internet of things multiband antenna multiple-input multiple-output

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End-to-End Deep Learning for TDD MIMO Systems in the 6G Upper Midbands

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 2025年第3期24卷 2110-2125页

作者： Park, Juseong Sohrabi, Foad Ghosh, Amitava Andrews, Jeffrey G. Univ Texas Austin Res Ctr 6GUT Wireless Networking & Commun Grp Austin TX 78712 USA Nokia Bell Labs Radio Syst Res Murray Hill NJ 07974 USA Nokia Stand Strategy & Technol Naperville IL 60563 USA

This paper proposes and analyzes novel deep learning methods for downlink (DL) single-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) systems operating in time division duplex mode. A motivating application is the 6G upper midbands (7-24 GHz), where the base station (BS) antenna arrays are large, user equipment array sizes are moderate, and theoretically optimal approaches are practically infeasible for several reasons. To deal with uplink (UL) pilot overhead and low signal power issues, we introduce the channel-adaptive pilot, as part of the novel analog channel state information feedback mechanism. Deep neural network (DNN)-generated pilots are used to linearly transform the UL channel matrix into lower-dimensional latent vectors. Meanwhile, the BS employs a second DNN that processes the received UL pilots to directly generate near-optimal DL precoders. The training is end-to-end which exploits synergies between the two DNNs. For MU-MIMO precoding, we propose a DNN structure inspired by theoretically optimum linear precoding. The proposed methods are evaluated against genie-aided upper bounds and conventional approaches, using realistic upper midband datasets. Numerical results demonstrate the potential of our approach to achieve significantly increased sum-rate, particularly at moderate to high signal-to-noise ratio and when UL pilot overhead is constrained.

关键词： Precoding Channel estimation Deep learning Artificial neural networks Array signal processing Antenna arrays 6G mobile communication Training MIMO Signal to noise ratio 6G mid-band multiple-input multiple-output deep learning time division duplex precoding channel state information feedback

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