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DOD and DOA Estimation in Bistatic Non-Uniform multiple-input multiple-output radar Systems

IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2012年第11期16卷 1796-1799页

作者： Yao, Bobin Wang, Wenjie Yin, Qinye Xi An Jiao Tong Univ MOE Key Lab Intelligent Networks & Network Secur Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China

This letter investigates the joint estimation of the direction of departure (DOD) and direction of arrival (DOA) for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) radar systems. A novel estimation method based on non-uniform array configuration is proposed and the practical identifiability of the corresponding parameter is analyzed. The key idea is to use the Doppler diversity to construct a virtual MIMO array. Through the theoretical proof, we demonstrate that the proposed method can provide much stronger parameter identifiability than the conventional ones, and also can improve the parameter estimation performance. Numerical simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： multiple-input multiple-output radar non-unform array parameter identifiability angle estimation

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Performance bounds of direction finding and its applications for multiple-input multiple-output radar

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IET radar SONAR AND NAVIGATION 2014年第3期8卷 251-263页

作者： Chen, Haowen Li, Xiang Wang, Hongqiang Zhuang, Zhaowen Natl Univ Def Technol Coll Elect Sci & Engn Changsha 410073 Hunan Peoples R China

In this study, the authors derive an explicit expression for Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) on direction parameters with the antenna locations of a single point target in the far-field scenario for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar, firstly. Since there are two unknown nuisance parameters (target radar cross section and interference-plus-noise strength), the authors use the concentrated CRLB to simplify the analytical computation. Then, the authors derive two sets of necessary and sufficient geometrical constraints for direction estimation with both bistatic and monostatic MIMO radars. Then, the authors consider the bounds on the asymptotic normalised mean-square angular error (ANMSAE), which are useful measures in three-dimensional bearing estimation problems. The authors derive the expressions for ANMSAE in both bistatic and monostatic MIMO radars, and discuss them in terms of the antenna locations. The authors then show that the uncoupled geometrical conditions are also sufficient to ensure that ANMSAE is independent of azimuth. Finally, the authors extend those conditions to obtain two sets of geometry constraints for bistatic and monostatic MIMO radars, respectively, such as some kinds of symmetry on the geometry, that ensure the optimal performance is isotropic, that is, the ANMSAE bounds are independent of all direction parameters. In numerical examples section, the authors give several representative antenna geometries to illustrate the derived antenna geometry strategy.

关键词： antenna arrays mean square error methods radio direction-finding MIMO radar direction finding multiple-input multiple-output radar Cramer-Rao lower bound CRLB antenna locations far-field scenario unknown nuisance parameters geometrical constraints bistatic MIMO radars monostatic MIMO radars asymptotic normalised mean-square angular error three-dimensional bearing estimation problems ANMSAE bounds derived antenna geometry strategy representative antenna geometries

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Theoretical analysis and experimental verification of wideband multiple-input multiple-output imaging radar

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JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING-JOE 2019年第19期2019卷 5896-5900页

作者： Wang, Jingyang Hu, Cheng Tian, Weiming Wang, Rui Beijing Inst Technol Sch Informat & Elect Radar Res Lab Beijing Peoples R China Beijing Inst Technol Minist Educ Key Lab Elect & Informat Technol Satellite Nav Beijing 100081 Peoples R China

multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar is a novel radar system which can achieve more individual observation echoes than the number of the actual antennas by transmitting orthogonal waveforms. At present, pattern theory is usually utilised to evaluate the azimuth imaging indicator of the MIMO imaging radar system. Although it cannot describe the two-dimensional performance, it is quite effective to analyse the azimuth resolution of far-field targets. However, the pattern based on the far-field condition becomes invalid for targets in the near-field area, thus it cannot explain the appearance of near-field azimuth grating lobes. In this article, spatial spectrums and generalised ambiguity functions (GAFs) of near-field targets are calculated. By describing the near-field GAF (NGAF) approximately, the relationship between the distortions of NGAF and the spatial spectrum is studied qualitatively, which can explain the appearance of azimuth near-field grating lobes. In addition, the calibration method of amplitude and phase errors by an isolated corner reflector is presented in this article. Finally, a simulation and an experiment are carried out to verify the conclusions.

关键词： MIMO radar radar antennas calibration radar imaging MIMO communication radar resolution radar signal processing experimental verification multiple-output imaging radar multiple-input multiple-output radar individual observation echoes actual antennas pattern theory azimuth imaging indicator MIMO imaging radar system azimuth resolution far-field targets far-field condition near-field area near-field azimuth spatial spectrum near-field targets near-field GAF azimuth near-field

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Two-dimensional superresolution multiple-input multiple-output and inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging based on spatial frequency ambiguity resolving

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JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING 2015年第1期9卷

作者： Yang, Jianchao Su, Weimin Gu, Hong Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect Engn Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu Peoples R China

Combining multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar and inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) techniques can reduce the number of antennas used and shorten the radar integrated time compared with the single-channel ISAR for the same cross-range resolution. In existing MIMO-ISAR processing, the echoes of different sensors are rearranged into an equivalent single-channel ISAR signal. A new method without echo rearrangement is proposed for two-dimensional (2-D) MIMO-ISAR imaging. A 2-D frequency estimation algorithm based on Unitary ESPRIT and projection transformation is used to obtain the spatial and Doppler frequencies of scatterers, and a high cross-range resolution can be achieved. The relationship between the two frequencies is exploited to resolve the ambiguity of spatial frequency. The analysis and simulation results show that, compared with the existing method, the proposed method can decrease the relative rotation angle (or integrated time) required for imaging. Thus, this method is more suitable for imaging targets with limited rotation or high maneuvering. (C) 2015 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)

关键词： inverse synthetic aperture radar multiple-input multiple-output radar super resolution imaging ambiguity resolving

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multiple-input multiple-output Over-the-Horizon radar Beamforming With Uniform Circular Arrays

Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Over-the-Horizon Radar Beamfo...

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7th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing (CISP)

作者： Yi Zhang Jin Yuxiong Natl Key Lab Sci & Technol Blind Signal Proc Chengdu 610041 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479958351

multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar is a new radar system which utilizes multiple antennas at both the transmitting side and the receiving side. In order to suppress the spread-Doppler sea clutter and eliminate the multipath and multimode clutter when detecting slow-moving ships, some OTHR researchers began to propose that applying the technology of MIMO radar to the next generation of sky-wave OTHR. It reaches this by MIMO beamforming which can be formed on both transmit with non-causal adaptive beamforming and receive and uses this transmit and receive 2D selectivity as the basis of a strategy for minimizing spread-Doppler sea clutter and the multipath and multimode clutter. Uniform linear arrays (ULA) can only use one-dimension in azimuth which is the main array in current generation OTHR systems. This paper considers introducing uniform circular arrays (UCA) in OTHR and we apply MIMO adaptive non-causal beamforming to UCA to achieve elevation filtering capability. Theoretical analysis and simulation results have been presented.

关键词： over-the-horizon radar adaptive beamforming uniform circular array multiple-input multiple-output radar spread-Doppler clutter multi-mode contamination

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Distributed Phased multiple-input multiple-output radars for Early Warning: Observation Area Generation

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REMOTE SENSING 2024年第16期16卷 3052页

作者： Luo, Dengsanlang Wen, Gongjian Natl Univ Def Technol Coll Elect Sci Changsha 410073 Peoples R China

This paper introduces a resource management approach for distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar systems equipped with phased array antennas. The approach focuses and adjusts narrow beams from all transmit and receive nodes to generate a regularly shaped observation area for reliable detection. Based on this, a structured early warning framework can be built by evenly arranging sufficient observation areas to cover the surveillance region and periodically scanning these areas for continuous monitoring. Observation area generation, a core technique for this framework, involves the joint optimization of beamforming weights for both transmit and receive nodes, as well as the beam dwell time. Our optimization strategy is designed to achieve two key objectives: minimizing beam dwell time to ensure rapid alerts for defense systems, and minimizing node transmit power to extend operational time while reducing the risk of intercept. To address the problem of observation area generation, we propose a two-stage method. The first stage uses the signal-to-clutter-plus-noise ratio (SCNR) as a new criterion to determine the transmit and receive beamforming weights. The second stage employs a power factor as an additional variable to scale the transmit beamforming weights under various beam dwell times, constructing a Pareto solution set for the problem. Numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of our method, demonstrating improved detection capabilities compared to monostatic phased array radar systems.

关键词： multiple-input multiple-output radar beamforming detection observation area phased array antenna resource management

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A Quadrilinear Decomposition Method for Direction Estimation in Bistatic MIMO radar

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IEEE ACCESS 2018年 6卷 13766-13772页

作者： Wang, Ziyi Cai, Changxin Wen, Fangqing Huang, Dongmei Yangtze Univ Elect & Informat Sch Jingzhou 434023 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Minist Educ Key Lab Radar Imaging & Microwave Photon Nanjing 210016 Peoples R China Naval Command Coll Dept Training Management Nanjing 210016 Peoples R China

We investigate into the problem of joint direction-of-departure (DOD) and direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation in a multiple-input multiple-output radar, and a novel covariance tensor-based quadrilinear decomposition algorithm is derived in this paper. By taking into account the multidimensional structure of the matched array data, a fourth-order covariance tensor is formulated, which links the problem of joint DOD and DOA estimation to a quadrilinear decomposition model. A quadrilinear alternating least squares (QALSs) technique is applied to estimate the loading matrices, and thereafter automatically paired DODs and DOAs are obtained via the LSs fitting strategy. The proposed QALS algorithm can be regarded as an alternative to the direct parallel factor (PARAFAC) algorithm, which is more flexible than the latter since it can be easily expanded to scenario with spatially colored noise. Moreover, the proposed algorithm has much lower computational complexity than PARAFAC, especially in the presence of large snapshot. Numerical simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： multiple-input multiple-output radar direction estimation tensor decomposition colored noise

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A PARAFAC Decomposition Algorithm for DOA Estimation in Colocated MIMO radar With Imperfect Waveforms

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IEEE ACCESS 2019年 7卷 14680-14688页

作者： Ruan, Ning-Jun Wen, Fang-Qing Ai, Lin Xie, Kai Yangtze Univ Natl Demonstrat Ctr Expt Elect & Elect Educ Jingzhou 434023 Peoples R China

In this paper, we focus on the problem of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for a colocated multiple-input multiple-output radar with imperfect waveforms, and a parallel factor (PARAFAC)-based algorithm is proposed. First, the spatial cross-correlation technique is adopted to eliminate the spatially colored noise caused by the nonorthogonal waveforms. To utilize the inherent tensor structure of the array data, the covariance matrix is rearranged into a fourth-order PARAFAC decomposition model. Thereafter, a quadrilinear decomposition algorithm is developed, which obtain the direction matrices via alternating least squares strategy. Finally, the DOAs are achieved through solving a least squares fitting problem. The proposed scheme does not require the prior knowledge of the waveform correlation matrix, and it is computationally more efficient than the state-of-the-art matrix completion (MC) approach. Furthermore, the proposed method may offer more accurate DOA estimation performance than the MC approach. The numerical experiments are provided to show the improvement of our algorithm.

关键词： multiple-input multiple-output radar direction-of-arrival estimation nonorthogonal waveforms tensor decomposition adaptive signal processing

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Unitary Subspace-Based Method for Angle Estimation in Bistatic MIMO radar

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CIRCUITS SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 2014年第2期33卷 501-513页

作者： Li, Jianfeng Zhang, Xiaofei Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Coll Elect & Informat Engn Nanjing 210016 Jiangsu Peoples R China

In this paper, the issue of joint angle estimation for bistatic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar is investigated, and an algorithm for the joint estimation under real-valued computation is proposed. By utilizing the unitary transformation, the direction matrices and the data matrix are transformed to be real-valued ones. The direction of departure (DOD) can be estimated via the real-valued rotational invariance in the subspace, and the direction of arrival (DOA) can be obtained via the real-valued reduced-dimension function of multiple signal classification (MUSIC). The proposed algorithm utilizes both the signal and noise subspaces, requires no peak searching, and can achieve automatically paired estimations of the angles. Furthermore, it has better angle estimation performance than some existing methods. The simulation results verify the algorithmic effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： multiple-input multiple-output radar Unitary subspace Reduced dimension Angle estimation

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Passive MIMO radar detection in the presence of clutter or multi-path without reference channel

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IET radar SONAR AND NAVIGATION 2021年第2期15卷 154-166页

作者： Fazlollahpoor, Mohammad Derakhtian, Mostafa Khorshidi, Shapour Malek Ashtar Univ Technol Fac Marine & Aerial Sci Shiraz Iran Shiraz Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Shiraz Iran

Target detection problem in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar which includes non-cooperative illuminators of opportunity (IOs) and spatially distributed receivers is discussed. The receivers utilize only one processing channel and discard the difficulties in providing an ideal version of the transmitted waveforms. The signal model, in addition to the receiver noise and the possible echo from the target of interest, considers the direct-path and clutter/multi-path interferences (DPI and MPI). A Rao test and an approximated GLR test detectors are proposed to solve the problem and an innovative recursive algorithm is proposed to simultaneously estimate the nuisance parameters in the test. Then, by regarding some matrix properties in the proposed Rao detector expression, a low complexity version of the Rao detector is proposed. Besides, two detectors based on Rao and GLR principles in the case of active MIMO radar are introduced as the performance upper-bounds for the proposed detectors. The convergence and suitable performance of the proposed detectors are verified by numerical simulations.

关键词： clutter MIMO communication transmitted waveforms spatially distributed receivers receiver noise Rao detector expression possible echo approximated GLR test detectors passive MIMO radar detection MIMO radar ideal version antenna arrays processing channel reference channel multiple-input multiple-output radar radar signal processing target detection problem radar receivers low complexity version object detection innovative recursive algorithm Rao test direct-path passive radar active MIMO radar noncooperative illuminators signal model radar detection

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